Yintoni umntu - iingcinga zefilosofi zakudala kunye nabacebisi bazama ukuqonda ukuba ngubani umntu onokuthi uchazwe njengento echaziweyo, njengoko sele yayaziwa ukuba umntu akazalwanga, kodwa uya kuba. Umlobi waseRussia uVryusov uthetha ngobuntu njengobuntu bomntu ngamnye ngokufanisana nabanye.
Ubani ubuntu bomntu?
Yintoni umntu - inkcazo yale ngqiqo ininzi kwaye ingaba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: "ubuntu" - umphathiswa womgaqo ngamnye, utyhila ngokwasekuhlaleni kunye nokuphuhlisana kunye nabanye. Ubani ubuntu obugcweleyo? Ukuba ngumntu onjalo-kubandakanya ukungena ebuhlotsheni kunye nokuzalisekisa iimbopheleleko zakho zentlalo, ukuhlonipha abantu kunye nokubona kuwo wonke umntu.
Ingcamango yobuntu kwingqondo
Igama elithi "ubuntu" buvela kwi-lat. persona - i-mask egqithwe ngumdlali we-Greek yamandulo yaseshashalazini. Kubonakala ukuba umntu uhlobo "lwesigqubuthelo" esithathwa ngumntu xa ehamba kuluntu. Le nkcazo yanikezela kwimimandla enqwenelekayo yoluntu ngeendlela ezilandelayo:
- umtsalane;
- u mnandi;
- u buhlungu ;
- ukuthandwa;
- isimo.
Ubunjani kwisimo sengqondo - iindlela ezahlukeneyo zeengqondo zichaza kwaye zibone "ubuntu" ngokusekelwe kwisakhelo semfundiso yabo, kodwa yonke le ngqiqo inokuchazwa ngale ndlela:
- Ubuntu - umntu onomxholo wezengqondo, iimpawu kunye neempawu ezizodwa kuye;
- ubuntu - into yentlukwano yentlalo elawula ubomi bayo, inako ukwakha imisebenzi yayo kwaye ijongene ngokupheleleyo namazwi kunye nezenzo zayo
Ukwakhiwa kobuntu kwingqondo
Iingcamango zobuntu kwizesengqondweni ziye zajamelana neengxaki zokubunjwa kobuntu kunye neempawu zengqondo zengqondo, apho zininzi, eziyinkimbinkimbi yenkqubela yeengqondo zeengcali ezahlukeneyo malunga nokulungelelaniswa kwezinto zentlalo kunye neyendalo kwizinto ezizimeleyo , ngoko ke ukuhlelwa kobunjani bomntu kuncedisa kwaye kukhanyisa .
Isakhiwo somntu nguK.K. I-Platonov inezinxalenye ezine:
- I-Biopsychic - izilwanyana, izilwanyana, izakhiwo zesini kunye nobudala.
- Iinkalo zengqondo - ngamnye iinkqubo zeenkqubela, ukubonakalisa iimvakalelo neemvakalelo.
- Uluntu -olwazi olwandayo lokusebenzisana noluntu, ukufumana izakhono ezithile kunye nezakhono.
- Ukukhuthazwa - ulwalathiso lomntu, olubandakanya i-worldview kunye ne-worldview, iinkolelo nemigaqo, iimfuno kunye nokuzibeka.
Ulwakhiwo lobuntu bukaFreud:
- I-Id (i-Ono) - isistim, iziganeko zezinto eziphilayo ezingenangqondo (ukusebenza, ukulala, isondo). I-Id ngumbane ongenangqondo, ongenangqiqo yengqondo.
- I-ego (I) ikhula kwi-Eid kwaye ifuna ukuqonda iimfuno ezivela kuyo. I-ego ijongene nokwenza izigqibo kwaye idibanisa phakathi kwe-Id kunye noluntu apho izithintelo zisebenza khona. I-ego ithembele kumgaqo wokwenyaniso kwaye ifuna ukufezekiswa kweeminqweno kwiindlela ezifumanekayo.
- I-superego (i-Self ngasentla ) iyalinywa kwinkqubo yentlalo -candelo lokuziphatha nelokuziphatha lobuntu liquka inzululwazi kunye neyona nto. Isazela senziwa phantsi kweempembelelo zabazali, ukugweba ukungathobeli, kunye ne-ego-ekahle ikhula, ngokuchaseneyo - ukusuka kwiimvume.
Iintlobo zobuntu kwingqondo
Ubunjani bobunzima bezesengqondweni zakhiwe ekunikeziseni iimpawu ezithile zomntu ngamnye. Ukwahlula kunye neziqendu kwiintlobo nazo zininzi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba zonke izahlulo zinemiqathango kwaye zibonisa kuphela ixabiso eliqhelekileyo, ngoko akukho ziintlobo ezihlambulukileyo, umntu uzibona kwiimpawu ezichazwe kwinto ethile ehambelana nesimo sakhe sokuchaza, ngandlela-thile ngaphantsi.
Uhlobo lobuntu ngobumnene (umsunguli weHippocrates):
- i-melancholic - ityala lokudandatheka
- i-sanguine - ithemba elihle , elungeleleneyo, elisebenzayo kunye nokuhlala lifuna umsebenzi;
- i-choleric - uhlobo lwe "bilious" kunye nomlingani oqaqambileyo, obhekene nokugqabhuka komsindo kunye nobudlova;
- uhlobo lwe- flegmatic - elulinganisiweyo , oluzolileyo, oluxhomekeke ekunciphiseni, kwi-inertia, kungekhona imvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo.
Iintlobo zobuntu Holland:
- yentlalo - enenjongo yokusebenzisana noluntu;
- iqhinga -inkokheli-ndoda, ebizwa ngokuba nefuthe, iholele iqela;
- Ubugcisa - ukutsala ingqwalasela, ukuthintela nokukhupha iimvakalelo neemvakalelo;
- ingqondo - umntu ososayensi, umphandi weenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zendalo, izinto, iziganeko;
- olulondolozayo - ulwakhiwo lwesakhiwo, inkqubo yokusebenza;
- Eyona nto-indoda yendawo yokugcina impahla, idala okanye isebenze ngezinto eziphathekayo, iteknoloji.
Impawu zobuntu kwingqondo
Yintoni ukuba uyintoni na ukuba ndiyichaza kwiipropati? Izinto ezisemgangathweni zobuntu zengqondo zichaza iipropati njengezinto ezizinzile ze-psyche, ezichaphazela umsebenzi wabantu kwaye zibonisa ukuba zivela kwicala loluntu-kwengqondo. Iipropati zomntu zi:
- Ukuqhelaniswa - ubunye beenjongo, iimfuno, iiminqweno, izenzo malunga nenjongo;
- iimfuno - oko okufunwa ngumntu ngamnye, kukunyanzela ukuba asebenze ukuze anelise ezi zidingo zezinto eziphathekayo okanye ngokomoya;
- Isisusa - isishukumisela sangaphakathi somntu ukufezekisa isenzo, umxholo wesisiseko kuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezijoliswe kuyo.
Izindlela zokufunda ubuntu kwingqondo
Ingxaki yobuntu kwengqondo yabonakala ekubeni zonke iindlela zibonisa kuphela ixabiso elilinganiselweyo, kwaye isifundo ngasinye sinomsebenzi kunye nobutyebi. Ubuntu bomntu buninzi kwaye abukwazi ukucwangciswa kwisakhelo esithile, esetyenziswe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, iimvavanyo kunye nophando, ngoko umsebenzi wokubaluleka kwabo kukunyaniseka, ubuchule kunye neempawu.
Izindlela zobomi bomsebenzi:
- Ukuqwalaselwa . Ingokwemvelo iyafumaneka kwiimeko zangempela zobomi. Intsimi-ithatha iimeko zovavanyo ngaphakathi komsebenzi othile.
- Ukuphenywa (udliwano-ndlebe) . Imibuzo ekhethekileyo eyakhiweyo, engaqulunqwa ngokusekelwe kwimibandela evulekile, ikhuthaza ukuba bathethe ngokunye .
- Iimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo . Ukufunda iimpawu kusekelwe kwizimpendulo zemibuzo malunga novavanyo ("ewe", "hayi", "andiyazi").
- Uvavanyo . Le ndlela isetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwiqela kwaye ihlala iqhuba umsebenzi othile, umzekelo, ukufundwa kobuntu kwimpikiswano.
- Indlela yokulungiswa . Ukuseka ubudlelwane phakathi kweenguqu. Le ndlela inceda ukuchonga ubudlelwane nokuphendula imibuzo ebuzwayo.
- Iindlela zokucwangcisa . Inombolo yabo eyahlukeneyo: imifanekiso kunye neempawu zokudibanisa, indlela yeengongoma ezingapheliyo.
Yintoni uphuhliso lomntu?
Ubani ubuntu obuqinileyo - lo mbuzo usetyenziswa ngabantu abaqalisa indlela yokuziphucula ngokwabo kunye nolwazi, oye wanquma ukufezekisa iinjongo zabo. Uphuhliso lwabantu luqala ebuntwaneni kwaye luxhomekeke ekuhlaleni nasekukhuthazeni iimpawu ezithile kumntu, le nkqubo i sekelwe kwimfundo noqeqesho. Ubuntu obuvumelanayo bubonakala ngokubanzi: ngokwenyama, ngokwengqondo, ngokuziphatha nangokomoya.
Yintoni ukuhlaliswa komntu ngamnye?
Ubunono beengqondo buxhunyaniswe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-socialalization, emele inkqubo yokubambisana ngokuhambelana nemimiselo, imithetho, imimiselo kunye nemilinganiselo yoluntu kunye nempembelelo yomntu kuluntu ngendlela yokuguqulwa kwamanani kunye nokukhula komntu ngokwawo. Ingaba imeko yentlalo yomntu yinto edlala indima enkulu ekuhlaleni kwabantu, echaza ukufakwa kwayo kwinqanaba eluntwini lentlalo, okanye uluntu - kukho imimiselo emininzi.
Yintoni ingxaki yomntu?
Ubungqina beengqondo zomntu abuyi kuzaliseka ukuba kuphela ukuphuhliswa kwakhe okupheleleyo, okuhambelana nokuphuhliswa. Ngenxa yezizathu ezimbalwa, kukho ukuphambuka kwimiqathango evamile, ithathwa njengabagula ngengqondo njengengxaki okanye i-psychopathology. Ngamanye amaxesha iingcamango eziqhelekileyo kunye neentsholongwane ziphazamiseka. Ubunzima bomntu bubangela ukungqubuzana nentlalo kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwesakhiwo somntu.
Ubani ubuntu obuhlukileyo
I-dissociative disorder okanye ubuntu obuninzi - i-psychopathology, apho abantu abaninzi bahlala khona emzimbeni womntu kanye. Umzekelo nguBilly Milligan owaziwayo, "obenayo" abantu abangu-24, ababini abaziphatha ngokuchaseneyo. Ubani ubuntu obuhlukeneyo - iimpawu:
- ubukho bobubini okanye ubuninzi bomntu ngaphakathi;
- Umntu ngamnye unempawu zakhe, imemori, kwaye engazi malunga nobukho bomnye, oku kuchaza ukungaphumeleli kwimemori ngexesha "ukuthatha" kunye nokulawulwa kolunye ubuntu;
- kunye nobudala, inani labuntu liyakhula.
Yintoni ukuhlaziywa kobuntu?
Izakhono zobuntu kwimiqondo yengqondo zibonisa ukuphuhliswa kwayo, ezihambelana neempawu zendalo kunye neetalente. Ubuntu obusisigxina luhlala luhlala kwinkqubo yophuhliso. Ubani ubunjani kwinkqubo yokulahla? Ukuthotywa komgangatho yinkqubo yesifo sokuguqula izakhono, ubuchule, imisebenzi, ukunyanzeliswa kwemvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo. Ukuphuhlisa ngokukhawuleza, isigaba sokugqibela sokuchithwa yi- marasmus . Izizathu:
- utywala, utywala;
- ukugula ngengqondo;
- ukulimala kancincierrebral;
- utshintsho lwexesha lokugula.