Bonke abantu basebenzisa ukutya kwabo okutya okuhlukahlukeneyo: i-buckwheat, ilayisi, i-millet, njl njl. Kodwa irayisi iyona ethandwa kakhulu, njengoko kungekhona nje ukutya, kodwa inxalenye yenkcubeko yabantu abaninzi emhlabeni. Ukuba ingqolowa ikhule kangakanani, isazi kakuhle, indlela irayisi ekhula ngayo ininzi intsalela engaziwa, kuba kwenzeka kwiindawo ezikude zaseAsia. Nangona ukuba irayisi iindidi ezahlukeneyo, kodwa iteknoloji yokuzikhupha iyafana nayo.
Kule nqaku uza kwazi ukuba isityalo sibheka njani irayisi, apho kwaye sikhula khona.
Ilayisi yityalo
Ilayisi yintlobo yesityalo esinezityalo ezivela kwintsapho yezolimo, ikhula kwaye ivelise isivuno esihle kwisimo sezulu esitshisayo neshushu. Inesistim somlilo, esineengcambu zomoya, ezibonelela ngomoya okhuselekileyo. I-rice bush isakhiwe ukusuka kwiindawo eziliqela ezithe tye okanye eziqinileyo ezinamaqhina eziqingqiweyo ezinomlinganiselo we-3 ukuya kwi-5 mm ukuphakama ukuya kwi-5 m.
Iindawo ezikhulayo zelayisi
Phantse onke amazwe ase-Asiya (i-China, i-India, iThailand, iJapan, i-Indonesia) iye yanda ilayisi iminyaka engaphezu kwamahlanu amawaka, kwaye kumazwe aseYurophu kuphela malunga neenkulungwane ezingama-6. Kwiinkalo zehlabathi zikhula irayisi zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo:
- irayisi eninzi ende e-Asia, e-Australia, eMntla naseMzantsi Melika;
- ilayisi ephakathi-iSpain, i-Italy, i-USA, iBurma ne-Australia;
- ingqolowa yeengqolowa ezijikelezayo - i-Italy, iRashiya, i-Ukraine, i-China kunye neJapan;
- ummandla weerisi - ummandla waseLwandle oluLwandle, kumda we-USA neCanada;
- irayisi ebomvu - eningizimu yeFransi;
- irayisi emnyama - iTibet (eChina);
- Kamolino - iYiputa, emlonyeni weNayile;
- basmati - iphondo yasePunjab, enyakatho yeIndiya kunye nePakistan ngaphantsi kwee-Himalaya;
- iindawo ezisemaphandleni zaseThailand.
Iimeko zokukhula kwelayisi
Ilayisi inokukhula kumhlaba ongezantsi, amanzi amaninzi, kunye nemimandla eyomileyo, njengeziqhamo eziqhelekileyo eziziinkozo. Ukwenza oku, udala imimandla yale miqathango elandelayo:
- ukuhlola - iindawo eziphathekayo okanye izitrasi kwimigqabi yeenduli, ezijikelezwe ngamadama okanye iindawo zokuhlala, ukugcina amanzi;
- i-liman - icandelo lomhlaba ogxobhozi kufuphi nemilambo, ukulima kuqhutyelwa kuwo ngexesha lokukhukula;
- I-bottom-dry-isetyenziswe kwiindawo ezinemvula enkulu yonyaka.
Ukuze ukhule ilayisi, udinga ukukhanya okukhanya kwelanga, ngoko kusasa ixesha lokukhanya, ngokukhawuleza isivuno sokuvuna.
Kungcono ukulungelelanisa imimandla kwi-clayey, i-loamy, i-silty kunye nenhlabathi encomekileyo ene-acidic fertile. Ukufumana isivuno esihle selayisi, kucetyiswa ukuba uyitshale emva kwe-alfalfa kunye ne-clover, kunye nokutshintsha indawo yokuhlalisa kuyo yonke iminyaka 2-3.
Ikhnoloji yokulima irayisi
Ukuba ekuhlaleni irayisi kwi-liman kunye neengcambu ezomileyo, ininzi kwinkqubo incike kwiimeko zemozulu, ngoko kuhlolwe, inkqubo yonke ilawulwa ngumntu, ngoko ke le ndlela isetyenziselwa phantse i-90% yazo zonke ilayisi ezikhulile.
Oku kwenziwa kanje:
- Ngoncedo lwezityalo ezizodwa, izithombo zinyuka zivela kwimbewu yerayisi. Iqondo lokushisa elifanelekileyo lilo li-13-16 ° C.
- Izilwanyana ezifunyenweyo zityalwe kwisheke.
- Emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa, ummandla wekhenkco uhamba ngokukhawuleza ukuze amanzi amanqanaba angaphezulu kwe-13-15 cm. Rice
ikhula kakuhle kwiqondo lokushisa lama-25-30 ° C. - Ukukhula kokhula ukhula, amanzi ancitshiswa kwisheke, kwaye emva kokugqitywa komsebenzi, uzaliswa. Ukuhluthwa kwenziwa kuphela ngesandla.
- Ukuvuthwa ngokupheleleyo kunye nokomisa umhlaba ngaphambi kokuvuna, amanzi ahla evela emasimini xa iziqu eziluhlaza zerayisi ziqala ukujika.
Ngenxa yokulima okunzima okunjalo, umntu ufumana ukutya okufunekayo kwaye kuyimfuneko ekudleni, oku kusetyenziselwa ukunciphisa i-cholesterol, kunye nokutya kunye nabasityalo .