Ngamanye amaxesha kwenzeka ukuba umthi otyalweyo kunye okhulileyo uphenduka ukuba awukho uhlobo okanye isiqhamo saso semgangathweni. Yintoni oyenzayo kulo mzekelo, ngenxa yokuba uye wachitha ixesha elininzi kunye namandla okukhula? Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa iteknoloji yokugonywa, okuya kuvumela ukukhula kweziqhamo zezinye iintlobo kumasebe omthi.
Kulo nqaku uza kufunda nini kunye nendlela engcono yokutyala umthi wase-apula, kunye nendlela yokwenza ngayo entwasahlobo.
Ngeliphi ixesha imithi ye-apula ityalwe?
Ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela yokugonya, oku kuya kwenziwa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. I-inoculation yemithi ye-apula iqhutyelwa kakhulu entwasahlobo nge-cuttings okanye ehlobo ngeentso. Kungcono kubagadi bezolimo ukuba bafunde oku ngokusebenza kunye nezicucu, kuba ekuqaleni umntu kufuneka asebenze ngokukhawuleza nangokuchaneka kokunyakaza.
Unokuqala ukutyala ii-apula entwasahlobo xa iqabunga lidlula, kwindawo ethile ukusuka phakathi kuka-Apreli ukuya ekupheleni kukaMeyi. Inkqubo ngokwayo ifaneleka ukwenza kwangoko kusasa, okanye ngokuhlwa.
Indlela yokugcoba i-apula entwasahlobo?
Ngomthombo wokutsalwa kwemithi yamapula, kuya kubakho ukulungiselela izinto ezinjalo kunye nezixhobo:
- ukusika;
- igadi encinci igadi yabona ( pruner );
- umxube wokuxhoma;
- garden var ;
- ifilimu kunye nentambo yokudibanisa.
Ekuqaleni, emva kweqabunga lokuqala okanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo sivuna izivuno, sinqumla amagatsha anyaka aphezulu 30-35 cm ukusuka kwiipulo eziphilileyo zeendlela ezifanelekileyo. Ukunciphisa phezulu kweentso, kwaye unqande umgca nge-angle ekhangelekileyo, ukwenzela ukuba umgangatho wesinqununu ube ngowesithathu ububanzi bezityalo. Sizigcina zize zifike entwasaweni, zifake kwisanti emanzi, i-sawdust, okanye ifakwe ngendwangu emanzi, efrijini. Siya kuqhubeka sibize isiqu, kwaye isebe lomthi esiza kutyumba kuyo-isitokisi. Izixhobo kunye nezandla kufuneka zihlanjwe ngesepha. Ngethuba le nkqubo, kuyimfuneko ukuphepha ukuchukumisa amacandelo ezitshixo kunye nokuzisa ngesandla.
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokungcolisa iinqununu, apho abagadi bamadla ngokuqhelekileyo basebenzisa oku kulandelayo:
- UkuCwangcisa . Yenziwa xa ububanzi besitokhwe kunye neentengiselwano zifana. Ngako-ke faka amagatsha 1-2 ubudala. Kukho okulula kwaye kuphuculwe, "ulwimi". Okukugqibela kukuvumela ukuba uzinze ngakumbi izinto. Kwiphepha eliphantsi kunye nezantsi kwe-scion, i-slicing slices 3-4 cm ubude, yenziwe "ngeelwimi" ngokunqunywe kwexesha. Ukudibanisa iicandelo ngokukhawuleza, ngomzuzu 1.
- Inoculation kwi-incision incision . Kuyafaneleka kumasebe eeramitha ezahlukeneyo. Kwinqanaba le-cut cut is a short and oblique wedge, apho kufakwa khona kwisicatshulwa, esenziwe kwicala lesitokisi.
- Inoculation kwi-cleavage . Iinqunqa eziphantsi zenziwe i-3 cm ende. Umtya okhethekileyo uhlukaniswe kwiqendu le-rootstock yonkana, idilesi yee-scions ezivela emida ayifakwa kwisango ukuze iindawo ze-cambial zihambelane ne-scion. Emva koko umtsalane ususwe, kwaye isitokthi siboshwe ngedaka.
- Inoculation nganye ngegxolo . Isetshenziselwa amagatsha aphakathi kunye namakhulu amakhulu. Lo ugonyo lwenziwe xa uqala ukuqhuma. Ncothula ngenyameko igatsha le-apula, ushiye isiqu. Ukunqunyulwa kuhlambulukileyo ngokucoca ngommese. Kwi-graft ene-2-3 buds ezantsi, i-oblique cut is made 3-4 cm ubude. Yinqunywe kunye ne-bark ibe yingcambu, kwaye iphindwe ngommese, ifakwe kuyo nge-cut-cut cut to the wood. Ukuba isebe lincinci ngaphezu ko-5 cm ububanzi, ngoko unokwenza izigulane ezi-2-5, ngokuzenzekelayo uzibeke kwi-circumference yesiqu. Kamva, xa beqhele, sishiya esinye sezihluma ezinamandla, kwaye sonke senza mfutshane kwaye sinqunyulwe ngokupheleleyo emva kweminyaka emithathu.
Ngaloo ndlela, ukugonywa kwe-apula entwasahlobo kwenziwa ngolu hlobo lwe-algorithm, ukuchitha ixesha elincinane kunokwenzeka (imizuzu 1-1.5):
- Siyinqumle isinqumla esingaphantsi ngekrele elibukhali.
- Nciphisa inxalenye yeengcambu, ushiye u-5 cm ubude, uze unqumle ukusika kakuhle.
- Senza indlela ekhethiweyo yokugonywa.
- Sifaka ifilimu (mochalom) kwaye siyibophe ngokuqinileyo ngentambo.
- Sifaka phezulu kwintsimi yegadi, eyokuthintela ukomisa nokukhusela ekungeniseni kwezinambuzane.
- Ku-hemp ubophe ngokufanelekileyo intonga yokukhusela okanye ibhondi ekhanyayo, eyoyikrakra iintaka.
Emva kweveki ezi-3, xa iintso zivuba, i-bandage kufuneka ifhathaka, kwaye entwasahlobo yonyaka wesibini isuswe ngokupheleleyo. Ukhathalelo olongezelelweyo lokugonywa kukukhusela ukuchasana kunye nokwakhiwa kwebebe.
Ukwazi indlela yokutshala kakuhle iipulo entwasahlobo, abalimi begadi abanomthi onomthi omnye banako ukukhula iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeaple kwisebe ngalinye.