Emva kokutyala umthi onqabileyo omncinane, kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala sivuyiswa ngumvuno omuhle wezityalo ezihlwaya kunye neentyantyambo. Nangona kunjalo, umdala ukhula, umvuno wayo uyancipha, kwaye intle yeapulo okanye iipereya zihla. Umgadi wegadi owaziyo uyazi ukuba ukwenzela ukuba ukutyala kulunge kakuhle, ukutyala izihlahla zemifuno entwasahlobo kuyimfuneko.
Imithetho yokutyala izihlahla zemifuno entwasahlobo
Oku kuyimilinganiselo ye-agrotechnical - enye yezinto ezinzima kakhulu zokunyamekela komthi. Emva koko, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zemithi yezithelo, ngasinye sisabela ngendlela yaso ekususweni kwamasebe kunye noshintsho kwisithsaba. Nangona kunjalo, kukho imigaqo eqhelekileyo yokutyala izihlahla zemifuno entwasahlobo:
- Ukuze umsebenzi usebenzise umjelo ogadileyo okanye i-hacksaw.
- Ukunqunyulwa kufuneka kwenziwe oblique. Kufuneka uqale kwicala eliphambene neentso kwaye uphele kwi-apical bud.
- Okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukususa amagatsha aphukileyo kunye namahlumela ekhula ngaphakathi kwithsaba.
- Xa usika izilwanyana entwasahlobo, zama ukugcina loo masebe akhula ngokukodwa, kodwa ukususa amahlumela afanelekileyo okanye ezo zijoliswe phantsi, kuba izivuno zazo ziphantsi.
- Ukunqunyulwa kufuneka kwenziwe kwimihla ephuculwe kakuhle yemifuno.
- Unyaka owodwa wokubalekela kufuneka ube mfutshane kwiintso, ungashiyi i-stumps.
- Amashishini amabini aneminyaka emine okanye ama-skeletal amagatsha anqunywe kwi-branching esondele okanye kwindawo apho kufuneka kuvele amasebe amatsha.
- Isebe le-skeletal kufuneka lisuswe kwiindawo. Umnqophiso wokuqala wenziwa u-30 cm ngaphezu kwesiqu, okwesibini - ngaphezu kweyaphambi kwe-2-5 cm, kwaye isityiba esisele kufuneka sinqunywe "kwindandatho", emva kokucima umgca.
Ngabe unquma ukuthini izihlahla zemifuno entwasahlobo?
Ngamanye amaxesha abalimi abangenamava banomdla xa beqala ukutyala imithi yezithelo entwasahlobo. Imigqaliselo echanekileyo yalo mcimbi ayikwazi ukusekwa. Konke kuxhomekeka kukuphi uhlobo lwemozulu kwindawo yakho, kusasa kwentwasahlobo kufuneka ukuba yenziwe okanye ifike. Eyona ndlela ikhethekileyo nguKwindla-uEpreli-umzuzu ngaphambi kokuqala kokuphuma kwepom kwizityalo. Imithi encinci imiswa kuphela entwasahlobo.
Ngakanani izinga lokushisa izihlahla eziqhamo?
Kuya kuba ngcono ukuba ukufudumala kwemoya ekutheni izihlahla zemifuno akuncipha ngokuthe ngqo. Musa ukucoca kwiqondo elingaphantsi -8 ° C. Ngeli thuba, amasebe emithi ayaba brittle kwaye amacandelo aya kuba angalingani. Kwaye kwimeko ebanda nakumanzi, ukuphuma kweentlobo kwizityalo zamatye kwanda. Ngoko ke, ukucwenga kufuneka kuqhutywe kwiqondo lokushisa elisondele kwi-0 ° C.
Ukuprintwa kwemithi yezithelo kwisikimu sonyaka
Kwiimithi zemiqhamo, inkqubo yokwenza izikhwebu entwasahlobo iyenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kwaye oku kuxhomekeke kumasebe apho isityalo sakhiwa khona. Ngoko, iziqhamo zamapheya kunye namaapulo zivela kwiindawo ezimileyo, kunye namantongomane, ama-cherry, ama-plums-kumasebe anyaka odlulileyo. Khumbula oku, uqale umsebenzi engadini. Ukusika izihlahla kunye nokubunjwa kwemithi yezityalo kufana nale ndlela:
- I-trunk ephezulu yemithi eqingqiweyo iyanqunyulwa, kwaye kwiimifanekiso ezikhulayo ezinamandla zigcinwa.
- Amagcisa asekondari ayacinywa.
- Ukwahlula amasebe akhula ngaphakathi kwithsaba.
- Amasebe aqinileyo ahlanganiselwe ngamagatsha asuswa.
- Ukususela kumasebe wonyaka banqunyulwa ingcuka (ekhula ngokubanzi) kunye ne-adipose (amahlumela ngonyaka).
- Amagatsha akhulayo asuswa.
Ukutshiza iziqhamo zeminyaka endala entwasahlobo
Imithi, eneminyaka engama-30 okanye ngaphezulu, ithathwa njengdala. Injongo yokucwenga "abalindi begadi" ukuba basuse amagatsha angenakubumba kwaye bakhulise isithsaba esincinci. Ukutyala izihlahla zemifuno endala kufuneka kwenziwe ngokucokisekileyo. Kwiintlobo zezityalo nganye, le nkqubo ye-agrotechnical ineziganeko zayo:
- Xa ulahla amagatsha amadala kwi-cherry ne-cherry, khumbula ukuba ukhuni lwazo lukhuni kwaye lunokuphuka. Ukongezelela, ukukhula kweefama kusekupheleni kweesebe, ngoko awukwazi ukuzinqumla. Kubalulekile ukususa kuphela isebe lonke.
- Ukuchitha izihlahla zentwasahlobo ze-apricot endala, susa kuqala amasebe ahluma, kuba sele evelisa iziqhamo. Emva koko amasebe anikezelwa kwisithsaba anqunyulwa. Ukuba umthi ubude kakhulu, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukususa amasebe amade kakhulu akhula phezulu, ukwenzela ukuba ukhule kangcono amahlumela aphantsi.
- Ukuhlaziya umthi we-apple womthi weplates okanye ipayari, kuqala unciphise amagatsha amakhulu kakhulu, kwaye unqunywe umquba kwi-trunk. Emva koko unqumle loo maqumrhu atshaba isithsaba. Emva koko, isebe eliphambili linqunywe kwindawo ephakamileyo malunga ne-3.5 m. Kufuneka kwakhona ukusika izikhwepha, kodwa kungekhona zonke, kodwa ushiye iimpahla ezili-10 ngokulandelelana kwisithsaba sonke.
Ukutshiza izihlahla ezincinane zezityalo entwasahlobo
Ngethuba nje umthi ubutsha, kulula ukuyibeka isithsaba ngokuchanekileyo, yenza ukuba kube lula kunye nomoya-ongekekeke, oza kuba nefuthe elifanelekileyo kumgangatho wesityalo. Ukutsalwa kwezihlahla ezincinane zeziqhamo kufuneka kugxilwe ekukhuthazeni ukukhula kwesithsaba kungekho phezulu, kodwa kumacala. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka sinciphise amahlumela ngonyaka. Amasebe akhula ngokukhawuleza angancishiswa ngama-50%, kwaye abo ababuthathaka - ngama-25-30%.
Iimpazamo ekunqumeni imithi yezithelo
Uninzi lwabalimi bokuqala, bengayazi ukuba umgaqo wokunquma iziqhamo zemithi kunye neendlela zobunqamlezo kwizityalo ezahlukeneyo, ngokukhawuleza ziqale ukusebenza kwaye zenze okungalunganga. Kukho nabo banokuthi bangayihoyi iinqununu, bazincitshiswe ekukhutshweni kwamagatsha aphukileyo nabomileyo. Ukuze kutyunjwe imithi yezithelo entwasahlobo ukuze iphumelele kwaye inenzuzo, makhe siqwalasele iimpazamo zokuphepha:
- Ukukhawulela ixesha. Umsebenzi kufuneka wenziwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kwixesha ngaphambi kokuba kuqhutywe iindiza kwimithi.
- Ukuhlaziywa rhoqo. Kufuneka kuqalwe ngonyaka ozayo emva kokutyala umthi.
- Ubukho be-hemp. Ukuprintwa kwemithi yezithelo entwasahlobo kufuneka kwenziwe "kwindandatho".
- Kukhona izihlahla ezininzi.
- Ukukhawula amanqaku emagqabini xa amasebe enzima.
- Sebenzisa ibha yomyezo oyifunayo ngosuku emva kokusika.