Ukufuna ukwazi ngaphesheya kweso sizwe, isiqhamo esingaqhelekanga sepapaya kwisidlo sethu sasivela kungekudala, kodwa sasiziva sinobubele, njengoko sineqela elikhulu lezinto ezilandelanayo kunye namavithamini. Ifumaneka kwi-pulaya ye-lipid-intshabalalo yokutshabalalisa amafutha, ukukhawuleza ukuphuka kweeprotheni kunye ne-carbohydrates.
Ipapaya ichaza
Ngaphandle, umthi wompapaya ubukeka njengomthi wesundu womnqonco, ufikelela kumitha engama-6-8 ukuphakama, ukuphuma kwamagqabi kusekwe kwinqanaba eliphezulu, iintyatyambo ziyavela kwi-axils yazo, kwaye iziqhamo zenziwa kubo. Iipropati eziwusizo zesityalo sepapaya zininzi, i-pulp yase-orange ithetha ngomxholo ophezulu we-beta-carotene kuyo. Ngokwakheko lwamakhemikhali, i-papaya iquka isicatshulwa setafile yeMendeleyev, iziqhamo ziqukethe iivithamini ezininzi, i-flavonoids, i-magnesium, i-potassium, isinyithi, i-pantothenic acid, iprotheni, i-fiber.
Isiqhamo se-papaya sisetyenziswe kumayeza angamaqhina ukuze kugqitywe kakuhle, ukuphelisa intlungu ekutshiseni kunye neentlobo zezilwanyana. Kunconywa ukuba usebenzise isi siqhamo sezityalo ezitshatyalaliswa kubantu abaphethwe yi-bronchial asthma, i-peptic ulcer. Iziqulatho ezenziwe kwi-fetus zenza isibindi sisebenze kakuhle, sizinze iswekile egazini. Ngosizo lwenyama enzima uhlambulule isisu, unciphise isisu esiswini, esiluncedo kakhulu kwi-gastritis, i-hernia kunye nentlungu. Esi siqhamo ngumthombo wamandla namandla.
Indlela yokukhulisa ipapaya ekhaya?
Abathandi be-exotics bakhula iipayipi ekhaya, basebenzisa le gumbi, kunye nebhokisi, i-greenhouse, ingadi yasebusika. Ukwenza oku, thatha amathambo atyathwe kwisiqhamo esivuthiweyo okanye uthenge izicucu, kwaye kunye nemilinganiselo ye-agrotechnical inokwenzeka ukuba ukhule umthi oye wavelisa, uqhakaza umnyaka wesibini kwaye unike isivuno sokuqala, iziqhamo ekhaya zingabunzima ukuya kwi-2 kg. Iimeko ezidalwe kwi-papaya mazibe kufuphi ne-tropical.
Ukucinga ukuba isityalo esibukeka sisipapaya sibukeka njani, khumbula i-melon. Ezi ziqhamo zifana nokubonakala, ukwenziwa kwamakhemikhali, i-orange-yellow yellow, i-pulp enamaqanda kunye nekhumba elixubileyo, ukuba igama lesibili le-papaya "ngumthi we-melon". Iziqhamo zomntu ngamnye zomsebenzi we-papaya zingafikelela kwi-9 kg, ngokomyinge zilinganisa i-7-8 kg, ubude zikhula zibe ngama-30-45 cm, phakathi kwesiqhamo zikhona imbewu yembala emnyama. Ukuze ufumane isityalo, kufuneka ube nezityalo ezimbini - indoda kunye nesetyhini, ukunyanzelana.
Ukutshala imbewu yeepaya
Emva kokuba unqume ukuqala ukutshala ipapaya ekhaya ukusuka kwimbewu, thola iziqhamo ezivuthiweyo, apho unokukhupha khona amahlanu amancinci amahlanu. Unayo imbewu, kufuneka ihlanjwe ngaphantsi komlambo wamanzi afudumeleyo, osebenzayo, ngaphandle kwepalp. Emva koko ukhethe kwinqanaba elincinane le-8-10, kwindawo ehlabathini enomanzi okanye e-moss, gubungela ngeplastiki kwaye uhambe ubusuku bonke, unokusebenzisa ukukhula kwezinto eziphilayo .
Imbewu ifanele ibe yinkcenkceshela emhlabathini ukuya kwi-2-3 cm, ehlanganiswe ngefilimu okanye iglasi evulekileyo phezulu, ukudala i-mini-greenhouse nge-microclimate efudumeleyo, eyenziwa imihla ngemihla ubuncinane kwiiyure eziyi-1-1.5 emini. Iziqhamo zepapa ziphethe i-100% ukuhluma kwembewu, emva kweentsuku eziyi-15-30, ihluma izithombo enye enye kwiibhotho ezihlukeneyo, ukhetha izityalo ezinamandla kunalo.
Ukukhulisa ipapaya emathanjeni ekutyala ekhaya
Ukutyala imbewu yeepayaya phambili ekuqaleni kukaKwindla, ngeli xesha ixesha elikhanyayo liyakhula, kwaye isityalo siya kufumana inani elifunekayo lokukhanya kwemini. Ekwindla okanye ebusika, ukukhanya okongeziweyo kuyadingeka. Ukutyala kuqhutyelwa kumxube olungiselelwe kwangaphambili kuwe okanye kwindawo ekhethekileyo eyenziwe ngomhlaba, itanki yokuhlwayela kufuneka ibe ubuncinane obuyi-7-9 cm ububanzi.
Abagadi balwazi abanomdla kumbuzo wokuqala abathandi bokukhula kwindlu engabonakaliyo: ingaba kunokwenzeka ukuba sikhulise umthi wepayaya ekhaya, siphendule ngokufanelekileyo, kufuneka sinikezele kuphela oko okufunekayo, ukulungelelanisa i-microclimate kunye nokwenza imilinganiselo ye-agrotechnical ekhuthazwayo. Izithombo zeziqhamo, njengabameli bezityalo ezifudumeleyo, zifudumele kwaye zihlaziyekile, zifuna unyango olunyamekileyo, ngoncedo oluqhelekileyo noluneemfanelo.
IPapaya - ukulima
Xa sele sele ndiyazi indlela yokukhulisa i-papaya ekhaya, akunzima ukuqonda ukuba le nkqubo ayinzima, kubalulekile kuphela ukuthobela zonke iingcebiso zokutyala kunye noongikazi. Emva kokubonelela ngolawulo lwamaqondo okushisa kwimizuzu engama-24-28 ° C ehlobo kwaye ubuncinane + 18-20 ° C ebusika, umoya omswakama, rhoqo, utyiliso olunokulinganisela kunye nosuku olude lokukhanya (usebenzisa imithombo yendalo yokukhanya xa kuyimfuneko), impumelelo ingafumaneka baze bafumane isivuno.
Umhlaba wepapa
Ukulima kwesiqhamo samapapa ekhaya, kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela indawo encinci ye-acidic, i-pH ekhoyo kwiiyunithi ezingama-6-6.5. Ukuze ufumane ubume obunqwenelayo, thabatha inxalenye yomhlaba ocebileyo, i-peat, isanti, i-stiduous kunye ne-turf humus, okanye ufumane umxube womhlaba olungiselelwe kwisitoreji. Khetha i-substrate yonke okanye i-ficus, yigcine kwindawo yokuhlambela ngamanzi ukuze uhlaziye i-disinfect and add 30% yesanti kumqulu wexabiso. Ukuhamba kokukhululeka kobuninzi obuninzi ngexesha lokunkcenkceshela, unike isityalo ngequla elifanelekileyo.
Ubumbi bepapa
Umthi wompapaya ukhula ngokukhawuleza, udinga ukutsalwa kwesoxesha kunye nexesha elifanelekileyo kwiibhotile, ezithatha ixesha elibanzi ngokuvakalayo. Izityalo zokutshintshela ngokuqaphela, ukuba ungonakalisa ngengozi ingcambu, inokuchaphazela kakubi ukukhula okulandelayo kwaye idibanise nomthi ukufa. Isisombululo esinokusebenza kunye nesicwangcisekileyo kukuhlwayelwa imbewu kwiipat, xa i-rootlets ibonakala ngeendonga, i-papaya inokutsalwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwisitya esikhulu ngaphandle kokuphazamisa inkqubo yeengcambu.
Ukukhula ipapaya ekhaya, kungcono ukusebenzisa izimbiza zendalo kunye nezimbobo zokuhambisa amanzi. Iibhothi zikhetha ubunzima obunzima, ukuze isityalo singaguquki, sanzi, kodwa singabi nzulu, kuba ipapaya inesistim esisisiseko. Isiqingatha esipheleleyo okanye isityalo semitha ezimbini sidinga amandla okungenani ama-lititha ezingama-50 ngomthamo.
Unokunyamekela njani ipapaya ekhaya?
Emva kokuba ugqibe ukuzama inhlanhla yakho kwaye ukhule ipapayas ekhaya, unikezela ngononophelo oluhambelana nemvelaphi yaso yomshushu:
- ukufakelwa. Ngomnyaka wokuqala wobomi, isityalo siya kufuneka sitshintshe amabhothi amabini okanye kathathu, ngoko ukutshintshwa kungenziwa kanye ngonyaka;
- ukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi. Emva kokugqitywa kweiveki ezimbini, emva kokushenxiswa kokuqala, sebenzisa isichumisi esisitshixo esinesisindo, emva kwenyanga;
- urhulumente wokushisa. Isiqhamo saseTropiki si-thermophilic, ukushisa okuphantsi akuvunyelwanga;
- u bumanzi. Umgangatho womswakama kufuneka ube phezulu, ukungagcwaliseki kwalo mqathango kuya kubakho ukomisa amaqabunga kunye nokufa kwesityalo;
- ukukhanyisa. Kungcono ukubeka ipapaya efestile ejongene nezantsi okanye ngasentshonalanga-ntshona, idinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo;
- ku nisela. Musa ukuvumela umhlaba ukuba umile, kodwa umswakama ogqithiseleyo unobungozi.
Akunzima ukutshala ipapayas ekhaya, into ephambili kukubonelela ngoncedo olufanelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ukuqwalasela imimiselo echazwe ngasentla, uya kukhula umthi ophuculweyo, oqinile kunye onempilo. Izitshalo kunye namaqabunga ezityalo zifuna ukutshiza rhoqo kwihlobo, kodwa nasebusika. Isixa esikhulu sokukhanya, umswakama, i-microclimate efudumeleyo, ngexesha elifanelekileyo lazisa umquba-olu luluhlu oluphambili lwemisebenzi enika indawo enokuzilungelelanisa kwesi sihlahla esingekho.
Indlela yokukhulisa i-papaya - yokunisela
Xa ukhathalela i-papaya, hlawula ingqalelo ngokukhawuleza ekutheni isithelo, ukunyuka kwamanzi kuzakudala ezininzi iingxaki ezinokubangela ukufa kwesityalo. Lo mthi onqwenelekayo umthi uphenduka ngokugqithiseleyo ukuze uphumelele ukubola, obangelwa kukungcola okugqithiseleyo kunye nemithombo yamanzi, ngakumbi xa ikhula ngeqondo lokushisa elingapheliyo. Ukunisela isityalo kubalulekile amanzi athambileyo ebusini bamagumbi okushisa, ekutshiseni - ahlalise isithsaba, ukuthambisa nokutshiza ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi okuma. Ukunkcenkceshela kufuneka kwenziwe rhoqo, rhoqo kwiintsuku eziyi-3-4, kumanani amancinci.
Isiqhamo esingaqhelekanga sokugqoka ipapaya
Imithetho yokukhula nokunyamekela i-papaya ayifuni kuphela ukudalulwa kweemeko eziyimfuneko, kodwa isondlo esiqhelekileyo, esi sityalo siphuthuma ngokukhawuleza, sihlale 'silambile'. Kule nto, izakhiwo ezicwangcisiweyo zokucoca izitshalo okanye izityalo ezisetyenzisiweyo, kunye nesityalo sokutshala, inani le-phosphorus kunye ne-additium zongezwa. Unyaka, sebenzisa kabini ngenyanga.
Ngentwasahlobo, ixesha lokukhula okukhulayo kunye nophuhliso lwesityalo luza, lufuna i-nitrogen, ekhoyo kwi-nitrate ye-ammonium. Ehlobo, kuxhaswa isiqhamo sepapaya ngoncedo lwe-superphosphate eyongeziweyo kunye ne-nitroammophosco, sebenzisa kanye emva kweveki ezimbini. I-Vermiculite iyigqoko ephezulu ekufuneka isetyenziswe ukunyamekela isityalo esingumntu omdala. Umthi we-papaya uyaziqonda kakuhle iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezichumisi kunye nochumiso.
Isiqhamo esingaqhelekanga sepapa - izifo kunye neentlanzi
Emva kokuba ufunde okokuthi isiqhamo sepapa, zingaphi iimpawu ezinobomi eziqulethweyo, abathandi bezandla abaqala ukukhula ekhaya. Enye yezinto eziyingozi kwiintlobo zepapa zibawoti kunye nezilwanyana zesicabungulu. Ukulahla kwabo kunokuncediswa ngama-broth anyanzela i-anyanisi, i-garlic, i-yarrow, nezinye iindawo ezinobungozi bezilwanyana ezinobungozi okanye isisombululo se-actophyte. Ebonakalayo i powdery emhlophe "powdery mildew", enefuthe lefungal, ingasuswa ngesisombululo esicinci se-sulfate okanye i-sulfur colloidal.