Abantu baye bafunda indlela yokuhlakulela umhlaba iminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo. Ukufumana ukutya kwabo, abameli bemiphakathi yasendulo bafunde iindlela ezilula ze-agrotechnical kunye nokuhlakulela iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zokutya. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ezolimo ziye zaqhubeka zenzululwazi. Kwaye namhlanje, umntu uye wazithoba kuye ngokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwetheknoloji yamuva yezolimo.
Nangona kunjalo, ngemihla yethu, abaninzi abanini bomhlaba, ngokuchaseneyo, banqwenela ukusebenzisa "i-chemistry" ekuthandeleni iindlela zendalo. Ukusetyenziswa kweebhedi ezifudumeleyo, ukulima kunye nokuzimela ngokufanelekileyo, njl. Oku akusiyo intsha, kodwa idivayisi ye-agrotechnical, eyaziwa kudala. Makhe sibone ukuba zithetha ntoni na iimpawu zayo.
Into ebalulekileyo yokugxotha
Izityalo ezikhula ngokukhawuleza - zibandakanya i- mustard , i-radish radish, i-rapeseed, i- rye yebusika , i-peas, i-lupine, i-vetch, i-clover, i-alfalfa, njl njll. Ezi ziqhamo zobugcisa azivelisi izityalo ngendlela eqhelekileyo ngathi. Esikhundleni saloo nto, basebenzisa ubunzima babo obumnyama - emva kokusika behlanganiswe emhlabathini ukuze bacebise, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha basebenzise njenge-mulch.
Ngoncedo lwabahlali bezityalo, umhlaba wesayithi uphuhliswa nge-organic, nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium kunye ne-calcium. Iingcambu zezi zilimo zikhulula umhlaba, zizalise nge-oxygen. Emva kokungena emhlabathini ubuninzi obuninzi bomhlaba, ukubola, ukwandisa ukuzala. Iiciderate nazo zenza umsebenzi we-phytosanitary: zithintela ukukhula kweengca zokhula kunye ne-alkaloids ye-secrete, ezenza ukuba iinkqubo ze-pathogenic zenzeke enhlabathini engcolileyo. Ngamafutshane, ukusetyenziswa kwezibambiso kuncedo kwaye kunokusetyenziswa kuyo nayiphi na ingadi. Konke oku kuzaliswa ngoncedo lwethekhnoloji yokujikeleza kwezityalo ezincinane. Emva kokuvuna isityalo esikhulu, esakhulile kwisayithi, esibizwa ngokuba sisiqhamo esisisiseko sityalwe kwisayithi enye. Emva koko iguqulwa kwaye ivalwe emhlabathini-ixesha lokuxhomekeka kulo kuxhomekeke kulolu hlobo lwesityalo nokuba lubhekisela ebusika okanye entwasahlobo.
Kwaye ngoku siza kuqonda xa kuyimfuneko ukuhlwayela kwaye nini ukumba kwindawo.
Kufuneka kuhlwayelwe nini ukuhlwayela?
Ukuhlwayela okuphazamisayo, njengoko kukhankanywe ngaphambili, kulandela emva kokuvuna isityalo esitsha. Ngokuqhelekileyo eli lixesha lexesha, kuqala nge-10 yeshumi kaJulayi kwaye iphelile nge-yokuqala yeshumi ka-Agasti. Akuyimfuneko ukulibazisa ukuhlwayela ngokuhlwayela, kuba ezi zityalo kufuneka zithole i-biomass eyaneleyo ngaphambi kokuqala kwimozulu ebanda.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iifirethi zihlwayelwa ngaphambi kokutshala izityalo zesityalo esikhulu, entwasahlobo. Kule meko, izibambiso azange zicutshwe, kwaye ixesha elithile likhula kunye neentlobo, ngoko umhlaba ebhedini ukhululiwe kwaye udibaniswe ngolu hlobo oluphezulu.
Ekwindla, ukuhlwayelwa kwebusika kufanele kuhlwayelwe ukuba uceba ukuwashiya egadi kumbusika.
Ngexesha elifanayo, inkcubeko nganye yenkcubeko ineenkalo zayo. Xa uceba ukuhlwayela, kungcono ukubuza kwangaphambili xa kulungile ukuhlwayela, umzekelo, i-alfalfa entwasahlobo okanye ekwindla.
Nini ukumba emacaleni?
Sika ii-ciderate, ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba ziqhume. Oku kwenziwa nge-Fokine cutter flat okanye umlimi oqhelekileyo. Umhlaba emva kokunqunyulwa kwezinto ezigqithisiweyo akungabikho ngaphezulu, ngaphandle koko intsingiselo yento yonke iya kuncitshiswa.
Izihlandlo zokunqunyulwa zixhomekeke ngqo kwixesha lokutshala:
- Ukuhlwayelwa okutsalwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kunqunywe kungekuqaleni kukaMeyi, xa
fi kelela kwinqanaba lokuhamba; - Iingqayi ezihlaza ezihlobo ehlobo zivame ukutsalwa kwiindawo zokuhlala ezikhethiweyo kule mibhedi yonyaka, ziyakutywa kwaye zingcwatywe phambi kweentyantyambo zemisedare;
- Ukuba uthe watyala ama-syderate ekwindla, unokunqunyulwa ngaphambi kweqabunga kwaye uhlanganiswe emhlabathini, kwaye unako ukushiya kude kube yintwasahlobo ezayo (oku kusebenza kwizityalo zasebusika).
Kukhona enye indlela yokugxotha - abanye abalimi beloli abazalisi ubuninzi obuninzi bomhlaba, kodwa, ukusisika nge-flat cutter, ukushiya ngqo kwiibhedi. Oku kulungele ngokukhethekileyo umhlabathi onesihlabathi esilungileyo - ukucoca iifomthi eziluhlaza zifihla ubuso bomhlaba, zikhusele umgca wayo ophezulu kwi-leaching of nutrients.