Ukudluliselwa kwiimeko ezininzi ngamaconsi amanzi, ngaphandle kweefom ezinqamlekileyo, ezinokutheleleka ngoqhagamshelwano nesigulane. Kukho ukuphazamiseka kokutya kwe-diphtheria, apho izifo eziphilayo ziveliswa ngobisi, i-confectionary creams kunye neendaba ezifanayo. Phatha lesi sifo ngokuzisa i-serum ekhethekileyo ye-antitoxin.
I-Diphtheria echaphazelekayo
Isifo sisifo sebhaktriya kwindalo kwaye kubangelwa yi-diphtheria bacillus (iCorynebacterium diphtheriae). Iibhakteria ze-Diphtheria ezibonakalayo (phantsi kwe-microscope) zincinci, zincinci zincinci, ezi-3-5 ubude kwaye zibanzi ukuya kwi-0.3 micrometer. Ngenxa yezinto ezikhethileyo zecandelo, iibhaktheriya zihlala zilungiswe ngolu hlobo lweleta V okanye Y.
Iifom kunye neempawu ze-diphtheria
Ixesha lokutshatyalaliswa kwesi sifo lihlala kwi-2 ukuya kwi-7, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo-ukuya kwiintsuku ezili-10. Endaweni yokubonakaliswa, i-diphtheria ye-oropharynx iyahluka (90-95% yazo zonke izifo zesifo), impumlo, indlela yokuphefumula, amehlo, ulusu kunye nezitho zangasese. Ukuba izitho ezininzi zichaphazelekayo, ngoko udidi olubizwa ngokuba ludibeneyo. Kwakhona, esi sifo sahlukaniswe kwifomu - kwindawo ekhoyo kunye neyetyhefu, kwaye ngokukhawuleza - ukukhanya, okuphakathi kunye neyindayo.
Iimpawu eziphambili ze-diphtheria zi:
- Iqondo lokushisa (elide, ngaphakathi kwe-37-38 ° C).
- Ubuthakathaka jikelele.
- Ukukhanya komqala emqaleni, ubunzima bokugwinya.
- Iimononi ezikhulayo.
- I-Edema yezicubu ezithambileyo entanyeni.
- Ukwandiswa kwemithambo yegazi kunye ne-edema ye-nasopharyngeal mucosa.
- Ukwakhiwa kwepali (ngokuqhelekileyo-emhlophe kunye negrey) ngendlela yefilimu, apho isifo sifumane khona igama layo (i-diphtheria - kwi-Greek "diphthera" - ifilimu, iimbumba). Nge-diphtheria ye-nasopharynx (eyona nto iqhelekileyo), ifilimu ihlanganisa iifoni, kodwa ingafakela esibhakabhakeni, iindonga zecala le-pharynx, i-larynx.
- Ukwandisa i-lymph nodes.
Ukugonywa
Njengoko i-diphtheria isifo esinobungozi, kunye neefom ezinzima ezingakhokelela ekufeni, ukugonywa rhoqo rhoqo kwiindawo ezininzi emhlabeni jikelele ukukhusela intsholongwane nokusabalalisa. Ukugonywa kwi-diphtheria kwenzelwe abantwana abasusela kwiminyaka emithathu. Okwangoku, inxalenye yeigciwane ezihlangeneyo, ezifana ne-ADP, i-ADS-M (ukusuka kwi-diphtheria kunye ne-tetanus) kunye ne-DTP (kwi-diphtheria, i-tetanus ne-pertussis).
Ukugonywa kokuqala kwenziwa kathathu, ngekhefu leentsuku ezingama-30-40. Kwixesha elizayo, isitofu kufuneka siphindwe rhoqo emva kweminyaka eyi-10. Kukholelwa ukuba ugonyo aluniki ukukhusela i-100% ekukhuselweni, kodwa umngcipheko wesifo uyancitshiswa ngokukodwa, kwaye kwizigulane zincinci.
Kuzo izitofu ezisetyenziswayo, i-DTP inezinkcenkceshelo ezingaphezulu kunye nemiphumo emibi ngenxa yamacandelo e-pertussis. Esi sitofu sinikwe abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-7 ubudala. Iigciwane njenge-ASD kunye ne-ASD-M zisetyenziselwa ukugoma abantwana abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-7. Ukutshatyalaliswa kokugonywa kuku: ubukho naziphi na izifo ezinzima, izifo ezingapheliyo kwinqanaba lokuxhatshazwa, ukukhuseleka komzimba, ukunyamekela, ukuhlaselwa komzimba, ukungabikho komsebenzi wokugonywa kwangaphambili, ukuvela komntwana okanye iintsapho zeentsholongwane okanye ukuphazamiseka, izifo zesikhumba ezivuthayo, izifo zesifo intliziyo, ukunyamezela nangaluphi na uhlobo.
Iingxaki ze-diphtheria
- Ukutshatyalaliswa kwetyhefu. Iyakhula kunye ne-diphtheria enetyhefu kwisigaba esinzima. Kubonakala okanye ngomhla we-1-2 wesi sifo, xa iimpawu zesifo zisencinane, okanye u-3-5, kwinqanaba le sifo. Ngale nkcenkceshe, i-adrenal glands, isibindi kunye nentliziyo zichaphazeleka ngokukodwa. Ngokuphuhliswa kokutshatyalaliswa kwetyhefu, ipesenteji yokufa iphezulu.
- I-Myocarditis yukuvuvukala kwesisu senhliziyo (myocardium). Ukuphuhliswa kwengxaki kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lobunzima besifo, kwaye kwiifom ezityhefu ngaphezu kwama-85% ale matyala ziyabonwa.
- I-polineuropathy kukutshatyalaliswa kweentlungu , ezikhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kweparresis nokukhubazeka.
- I-Asphyxia - ngenxa ye-edema ye-larynx.