Phantse zonke izicubu zeziluntu zineqela leenzyme - alkaline phosphatase. Uxinaniso oluphezulu lwawo lubekwe kwi-placenta, izicubu zethambo, isibindi kunye ne-bile. Umsebenzi owandisiweyo we-phosphatase ungabonisa ukuba kukho izifo ezithile ezifuna unyango olusisiseko.
Yintoni i-alkaline phosphatase?
Ukuqwalasela le enzyme ngokubanzi, kuyimfuneko ukuxelela malunga nendima ye-alkaline phosphatase kwi-metabolism yamathambo, efuna i-alkaline medium, ngoko igama le-enzyme. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-enzyme, kuxhomekeke kwindawo yalo:
- i-hepatic phosphatase (ingxinano ephezulu kubantu abadala);
- ithambo (eliphezulu kubantwana);
- i-placental (i-concentration ephezulu kubafazi abakhulelweyo);
- i-alkaline intestinal phosphatase;
- i-renal (le alkaline phosphatase egazini ayigcinwanga, kuba ayifaki ukungena kwezinye iintlobo).
Uhlalutyo lwe-alkaline phosphatase
Kwimizekelo yamatyala kunye nokubonakala kweminye impawu, i-assay imiselwe, i-alkaline phosphatase apho inganyuswa okanye iyancipha, eya kubakho kwizigqibo ezifanelekileyo. Nika olu hlalutyo:
- Kwihambo edibeneyo yeesampuli zesibindi .
- Ukulawula izifo zethambo ngexesha lonyango.
- Ukuba isigulane sithatha imishanguzo ekhuthaza ukubonakala kwe-cholestasis (i-stagnation ye-bile, ukuphulwa komveliso kunye nokukhutshwa kwayo).
- Ukuba kukho ukubonakala kweempawu ezifana nalezi: isicupunu, ukuguqulwa kwemfesi, umchamo omnyama, ukuhlanza, i-jaundice, ukulahlekelwa kwamandla kunye nokupheliswa kokukhawuleza.
Yintoni i-alkaline phosphatase ibonisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi?
Umbuzo wukuthi i-alkaline phosphatase ibonisa ukuba inomdla kulabo abangaqhelani nale ngcamango okanye ngubani oqhuba uvavanyo lokuqala. Inqanaba le-enzyme limiselwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuxilongwa kwezifo zamathambo, i-biliary tract kunye nesibindi. Ukwandisa i-alkaline phosphatase inokuthetha ngokubhekisele kwizifo eziyingozi kakhulu: i-oncology ye-testis, i-lymphogranulomatosis okanye i-formations engafanele engqondweni. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimeko ezininzi apho uhlalutyo kunye nezigqibo ezisekelwe kwiziphumo ezifunyenweyo kufuneka zenziwe ngokuqwalasela ezinye iinkalo.
- Ngenxa yokungabikho kwe-zinc ekudleni, ukuxilongwa kwe-enzyme kunokunyuka, kuba le nto iyinxalenye ye-phosphatase.
- Ukuqhuba uhlalutyo lwabantwana ukuchonga iingxaki kunye ne-excretion ye-bile, akunjalo, ngoko, njengommiselo, i-assay ye-5'-nucleotidase imiselwe.
- Ukulawula, ukuhlalutya kwe-phosphatase akufanele kwenziwe ngaphandle kweyonto nganye, ngenxa yokususwa kwayo kwigazi kwiintsuku eziyi-3-4.
- Isizathu sokunyuka kwabantu asebekhulile kunciphisa kwisithambo.
- Ukuqhutyelwa uhlalutyo kubanikazi bamaqela egazi lokuqala kunye neyesithathu, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba izinga le-intestinal phosphatase lonyuswa emva kokuthatha ukutya okunamafutha, ngoko, isampuli yegazi kufuneka yenziwe kwisisu esingenanto.
I-alkaline phosphatase - iyinto evamile
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba i-alkaline phosphatase equlethwe kwigazi, isisiseko kubafazi, amadoda kunye nabantwana - uhlukile. Umxholo we-enzyme awuxhomekeli kuphela kwisini, kodwa nakwiminyaka yobudala, efuna ukuba ithathelwe ingqalelo. Kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-16, iqondo le-alkaline phosphatase lihlala liphezulu, kwaye emva kwalo nyaka liqala ukuhla. Abasetyhini banesimo esilandelayo:
- ukuya kwi-17 iminyaka-ubuncinci: iiyunithi ezingama-46 nganye ngeyure; ubuninzi: 119 U / l;
- ukususela kwiminyaka eyi-17 ukuya kwe-45 - ubuncinci: iiyunithi ezingama-32 / l; ubuninzi: iiyunithi eziyi-100 nganye ngeyure;
- ukususela kwiminyaka eyi-45 ukuya kuma-55 - ubuncinci: iiyunithi ezingama-35 / l; ubuninzi: 115 U / l;
- ukuya kwiminyaka engama-70 - isiqhelo iinqununu ezili-135 / ilitha;
- emva kweminyaka engama-70, isiqhelo siyiyunithi ezili-165 / ilitha.
Kukho izizathu ezibangela ukuba le ncwadana inokunyuka kakhulu, kodwa kungekhona ngenxa yokufumaneka kwezifo:
- ngexesha lokuthwala umntwana;
- ngexesha le-HS;
- phambi kwe-avitaminosis;
- ngenxa yokungondleki;
- ngenxa yokuzikhandla ngokomzimba.
Kwamadoda, esi sibonakaliso siphezulu esiphakamileyo kunowesifazana ngama-20-25 iiyunithi / l, kwaye kunye nobudala, njengabasetyhini. Isiqhelo se-alkaline phosphatase egazini lamadoda:
- ukususela kwi-17 ukuya kwi-30 iminyaka-ukuya kwiiyunithi ezili-100 / ilitha;
- ukususela kwiminyaka engama-30 kuya kwe-45-ukuya kwiiyunithi ezili-120 / ilitha;
- ukususela kwi-46 ukuya kwi-64 iminyaka-ukuya kwiiyunithi ezili-130 / ilitha;
- ukususela kwiminyaka engama-55 ukuya kuma-70-ukuya kwiiyunithi ezingama-145 nganye ngeyure;
- ukususela kwiminyaka engama-70-ukuya kwiiyunithi ezili-190 / ilitha.
Kubantwana abancinci, ingcinezelo ye-enzyme iphezulu kunabantu abadala kwaye ayixhomekeke kwisondo. Ekufikeni kwentsha, lo mmahluko uyabonakala ngenxa yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo yezinto eziphilayo. Ngoko, isiqhelo kubantwana nakwishumi elivisayo:
- kwiintsana ezimbini zokuqala zokuphila: iiyunithi ezingama-83 ukuya kuma-248 / l;
- ukususela kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kunyaka: iiyunithi ezili-122 - 469 / l;
- ukususela kwiminyaka eyi-10 ukuya kwe-13: ii-129-417 iiyunithi / ilitha.
Ubudala, iminyaka | Ngesondo | Ubuncinci | Ubuninzi |
13 - 15 | se sikazi ngamadoda | 50 116 | 254 468 |
15 - 17 | se sikazi ngamadoda | 46 82 | 119 331 |
I-alkaline phosphatase yanda - ithetha ntoni?
Yintoni enokuthi ukuba i-alkaline phosphatase yanda, kufuneka ukwazi ukunceda oyingcali kwisifo esifanelekileyo sokuxilongwa kunye nokunyanga. Izizathu zengxube ephezulu ye-alkaline phosphatase ziya kunceda ukuqonda nje kuphela imbangela yokubonakala kweempawu ezingathandekiyo, kodwa kunye nokubonakalisa ubukho bezifo ezinefomati. Oku kuya kutshisa ingcali efanelekileyo.
I-alkaline phosphatase yanda - izizathu
Xa uchaza izizathu zokunyuka kwe-alkaline phosphatase, amaqela aqhelekileyo kufuneka achongwe, okuqala okudibeneyo kunye nokungaqhelekanga kwisibindi kunye ne-bile cucts:
- amatye kwiindawo ezinobumba;
- cholestasis;
- ukukhubazeka kwesibindi, ezinokuthi zenzeke ngenxa yobuthi beetyhefu kwaye xa uthatha unyango;
- cholangitis ephambili;
- umdlavuza wesibindi;
- i-hepatitis (i-autoimmune kunye ne-viral);
- mononucleosis;
- i-jaundice (ngokuphindaphindiweyo kubafazi abathatha i-CCD nge progesterone kunye nomxholo wesi-estrogen).
Utshintsho oluthile kwizitho zethambo, apho i-alkaline phosphatase iyanda:
- Isifo sikaPaget (ukubuthathaka kwamathambo, ukuchithwa kwawo kunye nokuncipha);
- ukwandiswa kwenkqubo yokuxilisa ngexesha lokuphulukana kweziqhekeza;
- Ukunciphisa amathambo (i-calcium salts, iivithamini kunye ne-phosphoric acid zilahlekile, ezikhokelela ekuguquleni nasekunciphiseni amathambo);
- I-Osteosarcoma kunye ne-metastase zangena kwiisuncu zethambo.
Ezinye izifo kunye nezimbangela ukuba ukongezwa kwe-alkaline phosphatase egazini, kungabandakanywa nempilo engafanelekanga kunye neenkqubo zokugula:
- i-pathology yegciwane lesisu;
- i-myocardial infarction;
- isifo se-endocrine esichaphazelekayo kunye ne-calcium metabolism-hyperparathyroidism;
- khulelwa;
- utywala;
- unyango ngamachiza aneempembelelo ze-hepatotoxic.
I-alkaline phosphatase yanda - yintoni endiyenzayo?
Ukuba iimvavanyo zibhalise ukwanda kwe-alkaline phosphatase, into yokuqala efunekayo kukuphelisa imbangela ebangela ukuba le nto iqhube. Ngokomzekelo, ngezifo zesibindi ukubuyisela imisebenzi yazo, misela ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ze-hepatoprotector kwaye upende ukutya okuchanekileyo. Zonke iimvavanyo ezithathwe kufuneka zimiselwe ngugqirha kwaye zenziwe phantsi kweliso lakhe.
I-alkaline phosphatase iyancipha - ithetha ntoni?
Ukuba iimvavanyo zibonisa ukuba i-alkaline phosphatase iyancipha, oku kungabonisa ukuba isifo esiyingozi sikhula emzimbeni. Ukufezekisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuxilongwa, ezinye iimvavanyo azanele kwaye uza kufuneka uviwo olunzulu lwezo ngcali:
- isifo semfuyo;
- Ugqirha;
- ingcali kwizifo ezithathelwanayo;
- gastroenterologist;
- ngugqirha jikelele.
I-alkaline phosphatase iyancitshisiwe-imbangela
Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuncipha kwe-alkaline phosphatase kwenzeka ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo:
- i-anemia kwifom enzima;
- ukungabikho kwemfuno ebalulekileyo emzimbeni we-magnesium kunye ne-zinc;
- isifo se-genetic of achondroplasia (ukungaphuhliswa kwamathambo, okubangela ukuba i-dwarfism);
- ukudluliselwa kwegazi elikhulu;
- ukungabikho kwamavithamini e-B ne-C;
- ukungenakunyaka;
- ukunyuka komzimba ngenxa yokungabikho kweprotheni ekudleni - kwashiorkor;
- hypothyroidism (izinga eliphantsi lokuvelisa i-hormone ye-thyroid);
- cretinism;
- sodwa;
- i-hypophosphatase (ukuphulwa kwingozi kwemineralization yamathambo amathambo).
I-alkaline phosphatase iyancipha - yintoni oyenzayo?
Ukuba uhlalutyo lubonisa ukuba i-alkaline phosphatase ephantsi, ngoko kuyingozi ukufumana isizathu sakho, ngoko kufuneka udibanise nangoko uchwepheshe. Okokuqala, ingaba ngumgqirha oza kuqonda indlela oyingcali eyinkcenkceshela yepropati kufuneka iqhube phambili. Emva kokudlula iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo, ugqirha kufuneka afumane isizathu sokunciphisa i-AP kunye nokunyanga unyango okanye ukuyibuyisela kwingcali kwisifo sesifo esifumeneyo.
I-alkaline phosphatase xa ukhulelwa
Ngethuba lexesha lokuthatha isisu, izinga le-alkaline phosphatase lingaba liphezulu ngaphandle kobukho bezifo ezibangela ukuxhamla kwinqanaba le-enzyme egazini. Konke malunga nokubunjwa kwephacenta, apho, njengokuba kwaziwa kakuhle, i-enzyme ephezulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa ukujonga rhoqo utshintsho kwinqanaba le-alkaline phosphatase, ukwenzela ukuba ungalokothi ulibale umzuzu xa ukwanda okanye ukwandisa i-enzyme kubonisa iingxaki zempilo.
Ukuphakamisa izinga, njengoko sele sibonile, kunokubonisa iingxaki ngesibindi kunye ne-bile ducts, i-pancreas, i-bone system. Ukuba i-alkaline phosphatase iyancitshiswa, oku kungabangela isizathu sokuphuhliswa kwamaplacenti okanye ubuthathaka, obangela ukuba inqaku liphelise ukukhulelwa. Oku kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokuba i-placenta kwimeko enjalo ayikwazi ukubonelela umntwana kunye nazo zonke izondlo eziyimfuneko.
1 trimester | 2 trimester | 3 trimester | |
ubuncinci | 17 | 25 | 38 |
buninzi | 88 | 126 | 229 |