Ukugqithiswa kwesikhumba kukugqitywa kwindonga yesifuba kunye nefomferensi efihla imiphunga (pleura), eyenziwa ukulungiselela ukuxilonga okanye ukunyanga. Oku kungenelela okulula kwisifuba, apho kwezinye iimeko kukuvumela ukugcina ubomi besigulane.
Izibonakaliso zokugqitywa kwesigxina
Isalathiso esiyinhloko sokubhenwa ngokukrakra kukusola kobukho kwintlambo yomoya okanye i-liquid (igazi, i-exudate, i-transudate). Olu lungiso lungafuneka kwiimeko nezifo:
- pleurisy ;
- ukuxhomekeka kwesikhalazo;
- hemothorax;
- chlolorax;
- i-hydrothorax;
- i-pneumothorax (ngokukhawuleza okanye ephazamisayo);
- ukuvuvukala kwesikhalazo.
Iziqulatho zesigxobo esilunxwemeni esithotywe ngokugqitywa sisetyenziselwa iinjongo zokuxilongwa kwi-bacteriological, cytological and physico-chemicals.
Ngeenjongo zokwelapha, usebenzisa i-pleural puncture, iziqulatho zesigxina sesigxina zifunwa kwaye zihlanjwe. Kwakhona kwisigxina esilungileyo singenziwa ngamachiza ahlukeneyo: i-antibiotics, i-antiseptics, i-proteolytic enzyme, i-hormonal, i-antineoplastic agents, njl.
Ukulungelelanisa ukunyanzeliswa
Ngomhla wokuxhaphazwa, ezinye iindlela zokurhweba kunye nokuxilonga zikhanselwa, kunye nokuthatha amachiza (ngaphandle kwezinto ezibalulekileyo). Imithwalo yemzimba kunye neuropsychic imele ifakwe ngaphandle, ukutshaya kuvaliwe. Ngaphambi kokuphambuka, isilonda kunye nesisu kufuneka sichithwe.
I-Technique yokuphambanisa
Ukumemeza isalathisi ukugqithisa inaliti ene-cut cut, isetyenziselwa i-adapter yerubha kunye nenkqubo yokupompa umbane.
- Ukunyanzelisa kwenziwa kwimeko yesigulane ehleli esihlalweni esibheke emva. Intloko kunye ne-trunk kufuneka zitshintshwe phambili, kwaye isandla sithathwe phezu kwentloko (ukukhulisa i-intercostal spaces) okanye ukuxhomekeka emva kwesihlalo. Isayithi lokuqhawula isifo siphuculelwa ngesisombululo sotywala kunye ne-iodine. Emva koko yenza i-anesthesia yendawo-ngokuqhelekileyo isisombululo se-novocaine.
- Isiza sokuqhawula isakhiwo sincike kwinjongo yaso. Ukuba kuyimfuneko ukususa umoya (ukuxhamla kwesikhalazo kunye ne-pneumothorax), ukugqithwa kwenzelwa kwisithuba sesithathu ukuya kwisine kwisithuba se-intercostal kwindawo yangaphakathi okanye ephakathi kwe-axillary line. Kwimeko yokukhutshwa kwamanzi (ukugqithwa kwesigxina se-pleural hydrothorax), ukugqithwa kwenzeka kwindawo yesithandathu ukuya kweyesixhenxe kwindawo ephakathi komgca ophakathi okanye ophezulu. Inaliti ixhunyiwe kwisirinji kunye nethubhu yerabha. Ukuhlamba iziqulatho zesigxina se-pleural senziwa ngokukhawuleza ukuba singabandakanyi ukufuduka kwe-mediastinum.
- Isiza sokutshintshwa siphathwa nge-iodonate kunye notywala, emva koko i-napkin eyinyumba isetyenzisiweyo kwaye ichaneke ne-plaster adhesive. Emva koko, i-bandage eqinile kwiphepha lesifuba lenziwe. Izinto ezifunyenwe ekugqibeleni kufuneka zihanjiswe kwibhubhoratri ukuhlolwa ngaphandle kweyure.
- Isigulane sinikelwa kwiwadi kwi-gurney kwindawo elele. Ngethuba lemini uqinisekiswa ukuphumla kombhede kwaye uyakuqwalaselwa kwimeko jikelele.
Iingxaki zokubethelwa kwesilingo
Xa wenza umsebenzi wesigxina, ezi nkcukacha zilandelayo zinokwenzeka:
- ukugqitywa komphunga, isithofu, isisu, isibindi, ipeni;
- ukuphuma kwegazi;
- umoya okhupha izitya ze-cerebral;
- ukuphuma kwi-site yokupasa.
Xa kukho nayiphi na inkathazo, kuyadingeka ukuba ususe ngokukhawuleza inaliti esuka kwisigxina, ubeke isigulane emva kwaye ubize ugqirha. Ngomoya okhupha umkhumbi we-cerebral vessels, i-neuropathologist kunye ne-resuscitator badinga uncedo.