Izibetho zintlobo ezimbini: i-ischemic (ephuma ekuthintweni kwe-capillaries okanye imithambo yeengqondo), kunye nesifo esibi (siphumelela ngeempahla kunye nokubola). Uninzi lwezibetho, ukuya kwi-80%, ziyi-ischemic. Ukusinda kunye nokufumana ithuba lokubuyiselwa emva kokuphazamiseka ngokuthe ngqo kuxhomekeke ekufikeleleni kokubonelelwa kwonyango, ngoko kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukwazi iimpawu kunye neempawu zokuqala ezibonisa le meko.
Iimpawu zokuqala kunye neempawu eziphambili ze-stroke
Iimpawu zokubetha zikwahlula kwi-cerebral kwaye zijolise.
Izimpawu zeMpawu ziquka:
- iziphazamiso zengqondo, ezinokubonakalisa njenge-stun, ukulala, okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, ukwaneliseka, ukuphazamiseka;
- intloko;
- utywala, i- tinnit ;
- isicaphulo kunye nokuhlanza;
- ukuphulwa kolawulo lokuhamba;
- khulisa;
- ntliziyo.
Iimpawu ezijoliswe ngqo zixhomekeke ngqo kwingingqi yengqondo echaphazelekayo, kwaye ingaboniswa ngo:
- paresis;
- ukungabonakali;
- ukungalungi kwentetho;
- ubuthathaka, iincampu okanye ukukhubazeka kwamalungu emacaleni kwelinye icala lomzimba;
- ukuphulwa kobudlelwane obusweni (ukukhubazeka kwezisundu zomzimba kwelinye icala).
Xoxa ngohlulo phakathi kweempawu kunye neempawu zokuqala zokubethelwa kwamadoda kunye nabasetyhini akudingekile, kuba ubunzima befestile yesifo buxhomekeke kuphela kumbandundu kwaye awunayo impawu ethile kwizondo ezahlukeneyo.
Iimpawu kunye neempawu zokuqala zesifo esikhulu
Ngenxa yesifo esikhulu esichaphazela indawo enkulu yengqondo, umfanekiso wesifo uyacaca. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zihlala zibizwa. Iimpawu ezijoliswe kwiinjongo zokuphazamiseka kweemoto, ukukhubazeka kwezihlunu kwelinye icala lomzimba, ukuphazamiseka kwentetho kuyimfuneko. Utshintsho olunokwenzeka kwiimeko zokuphefumla, ukucoca ngokungenakuzikhethela okanye ukuxhatshazwa, ukuvela kwe-stem epileptic. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho ukuphendulwa kwamehlo: ukunyakaza okungabonakaliyo kwamehlo, abafundi abaxhubileyo, ukungabi nampendulo ekukhanyeni.
Ukuba iimpawu zokuqala zesibalo esikhulu , malunga nemvelaphi yokulahlekelwa kwengqondo, zongezwa iimpawu ezinjengokuphefumula, ukungasebenzi kwempendulo yabafundi ekukhanyeni, ukuphazamiseka kwentliziyo kunye nokuphendulela kwi-stimuli, oku kubonisa ukuphuhliswa kwe-coma. Iziganeko ezikhoyo kule meko zibi kakhulu.
Iimpawu kunye neempawu zokuqala ze-mini-stroke
Izibetho ezincinci, okanye, njengoko zibizwa kwakhona kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, i-mini-okanye i-micro-strokes, iyenzeka xa izitya ezincinci zivaliwe kwaye zilandele i-15% yazo yonke imivimbo. Kwi-ischemic stroke yalolu hlobo, iimpawu zokuqala (inwele, ukuxakeka, ukungaboni kakuhle) azibonakaliswa ngendlela enzima, kwaye iimpawu eziphambili zibonakaliswe kakuhle okanye zingekho. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimpawu ze-neurologic zidlule ngokupheleleyo ngenyanga leyo, kodwa ekungabikho unyango olufanelekileyo, loo mivimbo ingase ibuye iphinde ikhule ibe yinto enkulu.
Ukuxilongwa kunye neyokuqala ngoncedo ngempawu zesifo
Xa iimpawu zokuqala zesohlwayo zivela, kufuneka uvavanye iimpawu zesibalo, ngenxa yoko:
- Ixhoba licelwa ukuba limomotheka (nge-stroke, ukumomotheka kuyimimandla, ikona yomlomo iyancipha).
- Ixhoba livavanyelwa inkulumo (ekuhambeni kwangaphambili ithetha ukuba ayikho into efana nayo, ifana neentetho ezinxilayo).
- Ucelwa ukuphakamisa zombini izandla ngexesha elinye (umntu akanako ukwenza, okanye izinga lokuphakamisa izandla alifani).
- Ukuba kunokwenzeka, uxinzelelo lwegazi luyalinganiswa (nge-stroke kudla ngokunyuka).
Ukuzinyamekela iimpawu zesifo sokubetha akuvunyelwanga, kwaye kwiimpawu zokuqala kubalulekile ukubiza i-ambulensi. Ngaphambi kokuba i-ambulensi ifike, isiguli kufuneka:
- Ukubonelela uxolo.
- Beka ukuze intloko ingaphezu komzimba wonke.
- Ukubonelela ngokufikelela kwi-oxygen.
- Ngenxa yokunyuka kwengcinezelo yegazi, kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa iziyobisi ezinxamnye ne-antihypertensive.