Xa ezi zinto okanye ezinye iimpawu zentsholongwane zenzeka, akusoloko kucacile ukuba ugqirha ukubhalisa, kuba kukho ezininzi iingcali ezigxininisiweyo. Makhe sihlale kwiinkcukacha ezininzi malunga naluphi uhlobo lweembonakalo i-otolaryngologist eya kunceda, ngubani na, yintoni eyenzayo, kunye nendlela le ngcali eqhuba ngayo ukumkela.
I-otolaryngologist - ngubani na kunye nantoni na?
Ngokumalunga nokuba ngubani otolaryngologist onjalo kunye nokuphilisa kwakhe, abaninzi bafunda ukususela ebuntwaneni, xa ithunyelwa kwinqanaba lezingane ngenxa yeengxaki emva kwezifo zokuphefumula. Lo ugqirha ugxile kwizifo zontathu ezisisiseko: iindlebe, umqala kunye neempumlo. Ukongezelela, i-otolaryngologist inxaxheba kwiimviwo kunye nonyango lwezitho ezisondeleyo, azigcini nje ngokusondeza, kodwa nazo zihlobene ngokuziphathelana nomzimba: iitoni, i-adnexal sinuses, i-trachea, i-lymph nodes.
I-otolaryngologist yi-ENT okanye akunjalo?
Xa sicinga ukuba i-otolaryngologist yinto egqirha, kufuneka sikhethe elinye ixesha-ENT. Esi sisigqibo se-otolaryngologists, kwaye imvelaphi yesicatshulwa ivela kwiincwadi zokuqala zeengcambu zamagama aseGrisi anentsingiselo echaza ukugqithiswa kogqirha: "laryng" - umqala, "ukusuka" - indlebe, "ibhokhwe" - impumlo. ENT oogqirha abanolwazi malunga neentsholongwane zentamo nentloko, baqhelana ne-anatomy, physiology, neurology.
Iyintoni unyango lwe-otolaryngologist?
Makhe sicinge ngento eyenziwa ngayo i-otolaryngologist, zeziphi izifo ezikwimeko yomsebenzi wakhe:
- izifo zentetho:
- ukuvuvukala kwendlebe yangaphakathi, phakathi, ngaphakathi;
- eustachiitis;
- i-mastoiditis;
- Isifo se-Miniera;
- otomycosis;
- i-neuritis yentsholongwane yokuhlola;
- ukutyalwa komngcipheko weendlebe ngesipulanka sulfure;
- otosclerosis;
- ukulahlekelwa kweendlebe;
- barotrauma;
- isifo se-nasal nes sinas sinus:
- rhinitis;
- ikhefu le-nasum;
- sinusitis;
- aerosynexitis;
- ozena;
- iipolisi zempumlo;
- ukuphuma kwegazi;
- i-hematoma ye-septum nasum;
- i-pathology yomqala:
- angina;
- tonsillitis engapheliyo;
- laryngitis;
- pharyngitis;
- i-paratonzillar kunye ne-okolohlotocnye i-abscess;
- laryngospasm;
- i-tracheitis;
- ii-papillomas kwi-larynx, kwiintambo zezwi;
- polyposis nabanye.
Ukongezelela, ugqirha we-ENT ezicatshulweyo ukusuka kwiphepha eliphezulu lokuphefumula, iindinyana zamanqa kunye nokuhamba kweengxelo zamanye amazwe. Kananjalo nakulo buchule boogqirha yimvavanyo yokukhusela nokucwangciswa kwamabhinqa abakhulelweyo, abafundi, abasebenzi bezohlukeneyo. Unyango oluphandwayo lwenziwa ngugqirha-otolaryngologist, kwaye i-oncologist-otolaryngologist isebenza nezifo ze-oncologic.
Imisebenzi ye-otolaryngologist
Imisebenzi ephambili ye-otolaryngologist esebenza kwi-polyclinic kukubonelela ngeenkonzo zokuxilonga, unyango, kunye neengcebiso. Ekufumaneni i-pathologies, ugqirha kufuneka enze ngexesha elifanelekileyo lokwenza unyango kunye nokunyangwa, ukubonelela ngononophelo, nokubhekisela kwizigulane ukuya esibhedlele. Zonke izenzo zeengcali mazihambelane nemiyalelo yeziphathimandla zempilo.
Xa uqhagamshelana ne-otolaryngologist?
Wonke umntu onenkathalo yakhe ngempilo kufuneka azi ukuba i-otolaryngologist ithatha ukuthini, ngubani. Kunconywa ukuba uhlolisise rhoqo lo gqirha ukuze uqaphele ukungaphambuki kwithuba. Ukukhawuleza ukuya kwindwendwe kufuneka ukuba xa kukho iimpawu ezibonisa isifo se-ENT:
- impumlo yexesha elide kunye ne-purulent discharge;
- intlungu echukumisayo ebunzini, impumlo kunye namacala awo;
- Ukungabikho kokuphefumla kwexesha elide;
- ukungabi nanye iphunga;
- ingxaki yokuva;
- intlungu, isandi, okanye ukukhalisa ezindlebeni ;
- umqala onzima, uhamba nomkhuhlane;
- ungakhathazeki emqaleni xa uhlafuna, uginya, uthetha;
- uvakalelo lwento yangaphandle kwisigxina somlomo .
I-otolaryngologist njani?
Ukuchonga ukuba ngubani oogqirha otolaryngologist kulula, kwaye oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba oogqirha beli khetho banxiba i-device ekhethekileyo kwiintloko zabo - umbonisi wangaphambili. Ingqungquthela ye-concave kunye nesibuko kunye nomngxuma kwindawo, ekuvumela ukuba uqondise umgqomo wokukhanya kwindawo yokufunda. Ukongezelela kulo, ukuhlolwa kwezigulane ugqirha otolaryngologist isebenzisa izixhobo kunye nezixhobo:
- I-Spatula - ukuhlolwa kwe-pharynx;
- Isibuko sokusila - ukuhlolwa kweendinyana zamanqa;
- I-Otoscope - ukuhlolisisa indlebe;
- isibuko se-rhinoscopy emva, ukuvumela ukuba ubone i-nasopharynx namasebe asemva ekhaleni;
- i-audiometer - isisombululo sokumisela ubunzima bokuva;
- i-endoscope - isisombululo sokufunda ngokucokisekileyo kwamacandelo aphantsi kwendlebe, impumlo, i-larynx.
Ukwamukelwa kwe-otolaryngologist kuqala ngendlebe nodliwano-ndlebe, ukucaciswa kwezikhalazo. Xa kungabikho kokugqibela, uviwo lweengxelo eziphicothiweyo kunye neengcongolo, umqala, i-lymph node idlalwa rhoqo. Ukuba iimpawu zentsholongwane zikhoyo kwaye uviwo lubonisa ukungaqhelekanga, kunokusetyenziswa okunye okufunekayo ukuxilongwa:
- X-ray;
- ikhompyutheni okanye imifanekiso yokuhlaziya yamagnetic;
- baknanaliz smear ukusuka emqaleni , impumlo, indlebe;
- ukuhlalutya kwegazi nabanye.
Uhlolisisa ugqirha we-ENT?
Ugqirha we-ENT ngugqirha oviwo lwakhe lwemveli luqhutyelwa ngamanqanaba amaninzi:
- Ukuhlolwa komqala kunye neetoni - ngenxa yoko isiguli sifuna ukuvula umlomo wakhe ngokubanzi, unamathele ulwimi lwakhe kwaye uvakalise isandi "," kwaye ugqirha uvavanya i-mucosa, ubukho beplate kunye nokuvuvukala.
- Ukuhlolwa kweendinyana zamanzi - kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-mirror dilator mirror, ngokuthe ngenye indlela kuveliswe emakhaleni, ubukhulu beendinyana zamanqa, imeko ye-septum, ukutshatyalaliswa kweenguqu kunye nokuguquka kwezinto ezibonakalayo.
- Ukuhlolwa kwendlebe - ugqirha we-ENT ungena kwi-ward efaka i-otoscope yangaphandle, ucinezela i-tragus, uhlola i-intetho ngentetho okanye ngokusebenzisa izixhobo.
Iingcebiso ze-otolaryngologist
Ezi ngcebiso ezilandelayo ze-ENT zinceda ukugcina impilo ye-ENT, ukukhusela ukusuleleka ngexesha lokubanda kunye nokunyuka komzimba:
- Ukugcina imisebenzi ekhuselekileyo yeembrane, kufuneka uqaphele ubuncwane kwigumbi, okungekho ngaphantsi kwe-45%.
- Kwixesha elibandayo kubalulekile ukukhusela indlebe kunye nomqala womoya kunye neqhwa, ukubeka isigqoko kunye nekhanda.
- Kwiqhwa elibi, akukhuthazwa ukuba uthethe ngaphandle, ukunyusa umoya ngomlomo.
- Gcina kude nabantu abaneempawu zokugula.
- Ukuze ugweme ukulimala kwaye uphefumle isulfure kwisigodlo somlomo, awukwazi ukusebenzisa i-cotton buds, kwaye uhlambulule ukungena ezindlebeni emva kokutyhila, usebenzisa umgca welinen.
- Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokulahlekelwa kwindlebe, kufuneka ulahle ukusebenzisa i-headphone ye-casphone, kunye neefowphone eziqhelekileyo kufuneka zibekwe kwisikhululo esingaphezulu kwama-60% esona sikhulu.
- Kwiimpawu zokuqala zentsholongwane kunconywa ukujongana nogqirha, endaweni yokuba ube ne-selftreatment.