I-tumor ebulalayo ebizwa ngokuthi i-melanoma okanye i-melanoblastoma inokwenza nayiphi na indawo apho kukho ukuhlanganiswa kwee-melanocytes - iiseli ze-pigment. Njengomthetho, uhlala kwindawo yesikhumba, kodwa ukubonakala kwayo kwiimbumba ezinqamlekileyo akukhangeli. Ngokomzekelo, kukho i-melanoma yeso isoloko, enye yeyona ndlela yingozi kakhulu yomhlaza.
Iintlobo kunye neempawu ze-melanoma yelanga
Phantse i-85% yazo zonke izifo ziyi-tumor e-choroid (choroid). Phantse i-9% yamatyala ayenzeka kwii-plasma zomzimba we-ciliary, 6% kwi-iris.
I-melanoma ye-choroid yeso ijongene ngokukhawuleza kwaye ihlala iveza i-metastases kwezinye izitho, ngakumbi isibindi kunye nemiphunga. Ngenxa yezinto ezinjalo, isifo esibuzwayo kumachiza sibhekisela kwizifo ezinobungozi obubi kakhulu.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-melanoma ye-choroid yesiso iyakuchukumisa i-cornea, i-retina, i-vitreous kunye ne-iris, eyenza iinguqu ezingenakuguquka kuzo.
Ukubonakaliswa kwezonyango zolu hlobo lomhlaza kumanqanaba okuqala abangekho, ngoko ukuxilongwa kwayo kunzima. Ngamanye amaxesha i-melanoblastoma yelihlo ifunyanwe ngengozi ngexesha loviwo oluqhelekileyo kunye ne-ophthalmologist.
Amanqanaba okugqibela ekuqhubekeni kwenkunkuma ahamba kunye neempawu ezilandelayo:
- ukuwohloka kwezinto ezibonakalayo;
- i glaucoma ;
- ukubonakala kwezibane, amabala phambi kwamehlo, umqondo wokubhukuda "kwezinto;
- ukuphulwa komlo we-cornea okanye i-lens;
- i-vitreous hemorrhage;
- astigmatism engalingani;
- utshintsho ekuboneni imibala;
- i-detectment ye-retina;
- utshintsho emthunzini we-iris, ukubonakala kwamabala ahluke kuyo;
- ukukhubazeka komfundi.
Unyango kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwe-melanoma yelihlo
Unyango lwalo hlobo lomhlaza lubandakanya ukususwa kokukhutshwa kwendawo yokuchaphazeleka, kunye nezicubu ezinempilo ezijikeleze i-tumor.
Ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu be-neoplasm, ukugqitywa kwe-eyeball (inucleation) okanye iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulondoloza umzimba kusetyenziswa:
- i-cyber knife;
- i-radiosurgery;
- i-laser thermotherapy;
- ukucinywa;
- brachytherapy.
Ukongezelela, i- chemotherapy inokumiselwa emva kokusebenza.
Ukulindela ubomi kwi-melanoma ye-retina kunye nezinye iinxalenye zeso (kuphakathi) ukusuka kwi-47 ukuya ku-84%. Ukusinda kwixesha eliyiminyaka emi-5 kuthathelwe ingqalelo kwizinto ezinjengexesha lesigulane, indawo, indawo kunye nesantya sokunyuka kwesisu.