Umbuso ngamnye kwiprogram yesizwe inekhalenda yokugonywa kwabantwana abangaphantsi konyaka omnye. Oku kuyimfuneko ebalulekileyo kwaye ibalulekileyo ekunceda ukukhusela izifo zesifo kunye nokuqinisekisa impilo kubantwana bethu. Kutheni kubalulekile ukuba izitofu zifuneke kwaye yintoni indlela yokwenza kwabo?
Ukugonywa kukungeniswa kwezinto ezikhethekileyo ze-antigenic emzimbeni onokukwazi ukudala izifo ezithile. Kule meko, ezininzi izitofu zenziwa ngokwezicwangciso ezithile. Kwezinye iimeko, i-revaccination iyadingeka - injection ephindaphindiweyo.
Ishedyuli yokugonywa kwabantwana ukuya kunyaka owodwa
Masiqwalasele isinyathelo ngasinye ngesona esona sintloko:
- Usuku 1 lobomi ludibaniswa nesitofu sokuqala esivela kwi-hepatitis B.
- Ngomhla ka-3-6 umntwana unikezwa i-BCG-isitofu sokukhusela isifo sofuba.
- Xa uneminyaka eyi-1, ukugonywa kwe-hepatitis B kuphindwaphindwa.
- Abantwana abathathu abaneminyaka eli-nyanga bayagonywa ngokumelene ne-tetanus, i-pertussis kunye ne-diphtheria (DTP), kunye ne-poliomyelitis kunye ne-infection ye-hemophilic.
- Iinyanga ezi-4 zobomi - eziphindaphindiweyo ze-DTP, ukugonywa kwe-poliomyelitis kunye nezifo ezenza i-hemophilic.
- Inyanga e-5 yithuba le-DTP revaccination kunye nokugonywa kwe-polio.
- Kwiinyanga ezintandathu, inoculation yesithathu evela kwi-hepatitis B yenziwa.
- Iinyanga ezili-12 - ugonyo oluchasene nemasisi, rubella kunye nama-mumps.
Ukuqonda okungcono, sincoma ukuba uzifunde ngetafile yokugonywa kwabantwana abangaphantsi komnyaka omnye.
Kufuneka uyazi ukuba kukho izigulane ezifunekayo kunye nolongezelelweyo. Ithebhile ibonisa ukugonywa okufunekayo kwabantwana abangaphantsi konyaka omnye. Iqela lesibini lezitofu lenziwa ngabazali ngentando. Ezi zinokugonywa xa umntwana ehamba emazweni ashushu, njl njl.
Ziziphi iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokusungula izitofu?
- intramuscular - indlela eqhelekileyo yolawulo;
- ngomlomo - amaconsi ambalwa esicatshulwayo ajoyiweyo ngomlomo ( OPV - ukusuka kwi-poliomyelitis);
- ezingenangqiqo - ukhetho olungcono kakhulu lwe-BCG;
- ukusela i-measle live, irubella kunye ne-mumps vaccines;
- i-intranasally - ngoncedo lwe-aerosol inokufaka ii-vaccines kumasisi, rubella kunye nomkhuhlane.
Imithetho ebalulekileyo yokugonywa
Ngaphambi kokuba ugonywe umntwana, kufuneka uhlale utyelela ugqirha oya kuhlola umntwana. Kwezinye iimeko kulungele ukubonisana nomntu ongenayo yonke into, i-neurologist okanye i-immunologist. Kwakhona, enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo zokuthatha isigqibo malunga nokuba unako ukugonywa ngumphumo weemvini kunye nokuhlolwa kwegazi komntwana.
Ngaphambi kokuba ugonywe, ungayeki ukungenisa ukutya okungaqhelekanga ekudleni komntwana. Oku kuya kukunceda wenze izigqibo ezifanelekileyo ekuphenduleni komzimba emva kokugonywa.
Kumntwana kwakulula ukuhamba nawe kwigumbi lokuxhaphaza, thatha ithoyilo yakho oyithandayo kwaye kuyo yonke indlela uyayicima.
Emva kokugonywa sele sele kwenziwe - ngokunyamekela imeko yentsana. Kwezinye iimeko, iimpendulo ezingathandekiyo ezifana nomkhuhlane, isicupunu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, i-edema okanye ukugqithisa kwiziko lokungenwa lenzeke. Ukuba kukho na i-alamu, xelela ugqirha wakho.
Ukungqinelana nokugonya
- Akunjalo na ukuba unako ukugonywa ukuba umntwana akaphilisanga - unesifo somkhuhlane, izifo eziphefumulayo okanye izifo ezithintekayo emathunjini.
- Kufuneka uyenqabe nokugonywa ukuba impendulo ibe yindlobongela okanye ingalunganga emva kwentsholongwane yangaphambili.
- Musa ukulawula iigcini eziphilayo (OPV) zokufumana umzimba.
- Kwisisindo somntwana ongaphantsi kwe-2 kg akenzi iBBC.
- Ukuba umntwana unesitenxo kwimisebenzi yesimiso senzwa - musa ukwenza iDPT.
- Xa isonka semvubelo sesibhakabhaka, akuvumelekile ukuba ugonywe kwi-hepatitis B.
Ukugonywa kwabantwana abangaphantsi komnyaka omnye kuyimfuneko ebalulekileyo kwimpilo yengomso wengane yakho. Mamela umntwana wakho kwaye ulandele iingcebiso zogqirha wakho.