Umsebenzi wenkqubo ye-endocrine iyabonakala ingabonakali kubantu, kodwa ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwendalo yonke. Ukuvavanya umsebenzi walo, kubalulekile ukuba uhlolisise i-hormone ye-thyroid ngokuqhelekileyo - umgangatho walezi zikhombisi udlalwa kwiphepha kunye neziphumo zohlalutyo. Kodwa ukuchaneka okuchanekileyo kubonisa ulwazi lweziganeko ezithile zobuncwane bokuveliswa kwezinto eziphilayo ezisebenzayo, injongo yazo.
I-Norm ne-pathology kwiimvavanyo ze-enzyme kunye ne-hormone ye-thyroid
Ngaphambi kokubhalwa kweemviwo kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba i-thyroid gland ivelisa ama-hormone ama-2 nje kuphela:
- I-T3 - triiodothyronine (i-hormone ephezulu);
- I-T4 yi-tetraiodothyronine okanye i-thyroxine.
Ziyimfuneko ekulawuleni umbane we-metabolism emzimbeni, kunye nokulawula umsebenzi wezo nkqubo:
- ukuphambana kwentliziyo;
- ukudluliselwa kweempembelelo kunye neentambo ze-nerve;
- i-peristalsis yamathumbu;
- ukukhuphuka kwamanzi kunye nomnye.
I-TSH (i-hormone yakho ye-thyreotropic) iveliswa ngokwenene kwi-pituitary (kwingingqi yengqondo), kwaye ingekho kwi-thyroid gland. Kufakwe kule sifundo, kuba i-TSH iyimfuneko yokugcina ingcamango ye-T3 kunye ne-T4-xa izinga labo liyehla, i-pituitary gland ikhiqiza i-hormone ye-thyroid evuselela ngakumbi.
Xa uqikelela inani le-triiodothyronine kunye ne-thyroxin, ixabiso le-T3 ne-T4 likhulu kakhulu, oko kukuthi bavelisa iziphumo ezifunekayo ze-biological.
Kubalulekile ukuba kungekhona nje ukuba amazinga e-hormone ye-thyroid aqhelekileyo, kodwa kwakhona iimpendulo zokuzivikela komzimba kwi-enzymes, iiprotheni kunye nezicubu. Oku kubonisa ukuxinwa kwamagciwane (AT) kwezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- I-TPO (thyroperoxidase) yiyona enzyme ephezulu ye-thyroid gland;
- I-TG (thyroglobulin) - iprotheyini ene-iodine, isandulela-T3 kunye ne-T4;
- i-thyrotropin i-hormone receptors.
Ukongeza, uvavanyo oluchazwe luchaza:
- i-calcitonin - oncomarker;
- I-TSH (i-thyroxine-binding globulin) yiprotheni yezothutho.
Ngenxa yohlalutyo loxinaniso lwezinto ezilapha ngasentla, i-pathologies ezininzi zingabonwa:
- u-hypo-hyperplasia we-organocrine;
- thyrotoxicosis ;
- i-thyroiditis;
- hypothyroidism ;
- isifo esibi.
Yintoni eqhelekileyo kwi-hormone ye-thyroid?
Ukuzithemba kwiziphumo zolu cwaningo, kuyinqwenela ukunikela ngegazi kwiibhubhoratri zanamhlanje zixhobo zokusebenza ezibucayi.
Cinga imida ebekwe kwimpawu nganye.
Iimimiselo ze-thyroid hormone Th3 (nmol / L):
- iyonke - 1.06-3.14;
- mahala - 2.62-5.77.
Ukunciphisa okunamandla kwi-T3 kubonisa ukuba i-hypothyroidism, ukudinwa kwesigxina se-endocrine, sinokubonisa umhlaza.
Isiqhelo samahomoni we-pituitary kunye ne-thyroid gland i-TTG kunye ne-T4 ibalwa kwiinqununu ezahlukeneyo-MED / L kunye ne-nmol / L, ngokulandelanayo.
Iimpawu ezamkelekileyo ze-TSH ziphakathi kwe-0.47 ukuya ku-4.15 ubusi / l.
Imida eqhelekileyo yeT4:
- iyonke - 71.23-142.25;
- mahala - 9,56-22,3.
Kwakhona, xa ukucacisa iziphumo zokuvavanya umxholo we-hormone ye-thyroid egazini, kubalulekile ukwazi imigangatho ye-AT ye-TPO, TG, kunye ne-hormone receptors:
- ii-antibodies kwi-thyreperoxidase - ngaphantsi kwama-5.67 U / ml;
- izikhuselo kwi-thyroglobulin - titer
- ii-antibodies ukuya kwi-PTTG - ngaphantsi kwe-4 U / l.
Iimpawu ezichanekileyo zeglobulin ezibopha i-thyroxin zivela kwi-222 ukuya ku-517 i-nmol / l.
Ngokumalunga nokuzimisela kwe-calcitonin njenge-oncomarker kwi-medullary (C-cellular) umdlavuza we-thyroid, yenziwa kumaziko akhethekileyo. Eyona inokuthenjelwa kukuhlalutya okukhuthaziweyo, apho igazi lithathwa emva kokulawulwa kwe-calcium gluconate (10%). Ukwanda kancinci kwi-calcitonin, nangama-0.5 amayunithi angaphezu komda ophezulu wesigqeba, kunokubonisa ukuqhubela phambili kwe-tumor ebulalayo.