Izixhobo zonyango zokuxilonga zihlaziywa rhoqo. Izixhobo ezininzi zanamhlanje, kuquka i-tomographs, zonke iinkqubo zesofthiwe kunye neenkqubo ze-hardware. Zonke iindawo kunye namacandelo amashishini azo zenziwe ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye ukucwangcisa idatha, izicelo zeekhompyutheni ezizodwa zixanduva.
Yintoni i-CT?
Isiseko sesixhobo esicatshulweyo siyi-tube-ray. Ijikeleza ngokukhawuleza ngaphakathi kwindandatho enkulu (i-gentry), ephakathi kwayo apho kukho umbhede ohambayo (apho isiguli silele khona). Ukunyuka kwetafile kunye netyhubhu kuyahambelana. Inkcazo elula yento eyenziwa yi-CT yinkcazo ye-X-ray imifanekiso yecandelo elifunayo lomzimba kwii-angles ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, ezininzi iimpawu zelungu okanye isakhiwo sezinto eziphilayo zifunyenwe kwicandelo ngobunzima be-1 mm, ezichanekileyo ngeenjini ezichukumisayo.
Emva kokuba imifanekiso ithathwe, ikhompyutha ye-tomography "iqokelelwe" isebenzisa isofthiwe ekhethekileyo. Zonke iinkcazo ezikhoyo ezirekhodwa ngabahloli kwi-gantry zenziwa yinkqubo yokusebenza. Kule ndlela, inkqubo "ineza" umfanekiso ocacileyo oomithathu wendawo ephandwayo, iboniswa kwi-monitor monitor. Kwimizobo enjalo, izakhiwo ezincinci zezinto ezibonakalayo zibonakalayo, kwaye kunye neenguqu ezinamandla kwimisebenzi yazo.
Ziziphi iintlobo ze-CT ezikhoyo?
Ubuchwephesha bezobuchopho buya phambili rhoqo, kwaye ngoko izixhobo zokuxilonga ziphuculwa. Ezi zilandelayo ziintlobo ze-CT ziyafumaneka:
- ukujikeleza;
- emininzi;
- umahluko;
- i-angiography;
- ukucoca.
I-Spiral computed tomography
Le fomu yezixhobo sele isetyenziswe kwinkqubo yokuxilonga iminyaka engama-30. I-computer ye-computer ye-tomograph inamalungu amathathu angundoqo:
- i-X-ray tube;
- uchungechunge olulodwa lweenjini ezingenayo i-ultrasensitive sensors kunye nomjikelezo wendandatho;
- ibhedi ehamba ngaphaya kwendawo.
Multilayer computed tomography
Olu hlobo lwesistim lubonelela ngophando olunzulu nolwazi oluchanekileyo. I-Multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) ihluke kwi-diagnostic ephezulu kunye nenani elongeziweyo labahloli kunye neethubhu. Kwizixhobo ezichazwe, iisenjini zifakwe kwiimilo ezi-2-4. Kwinqanaba le-gantry, ayikho enye iibhubhu ze-X-ray ezijikelezayo, ezenza ngokukhawuleza uphando kwaye zinciphise umthwalo we-radiation.
Ezinye iintlobo ze-MSCT:
- software entsha;
- imifanekiso enqwenelekayo;
- imifanekiso eyahlukileyo;
- ukukwazi ukubhalisa iinkqubo ezinamandla ngexesha langempela;
- nkcazelo ephezulu ye-cut;
- indawo enkulu yokukhutshwa kwe-anatomical;
- ukwakhiwa kwemifanekiso ye-3D yazo zonke iistim kunye nezitho.
I-tomography eqingqiweyo ngokuchaseneyo
Ukuphucula ukwahlukana kwamalungu asele ecaleni kunye nokwenza ezinye izakhiwo zemvelo ezincinci, umzekelo imilambo yegazi, iintlobo ezikhethekileyo zezifundo ze-CT zisetyenziswa. Bacebisa ukuqaliswa kweziyobisi ezandisa ukwanda kwezicubu xa zifumana ii-X-ray. Olu hlobo lwe-tomography lubhalwe ngeendlela ezimbini:
- Ngomlomo. Isigulisi siphuza isisombululo kunye ne-ejenti eyahlukileyo. Umthamo we-fluid, ulandelelwano kunye nokuphindaphinda kolawulo lwayo kubalwa ngugqirha.
- Ngaphandle. Isisombululo esahlukileyo silawulwa ngumjovo okanye nge-dropper.
CT engiography
Olu hlobo lophando luye lwaphuhliswa ngokukodwa ekufundweni kwenkqubo yokujikeleza. I-CT engiography yeempahla zentamo kunye nentloko inceda ukufumanisa ukuphazamiseka kwimizila kule mimandla, kubandakanya i-ischemic okanye i-stroke ephazamisayo, ukuhlola ubunzima bemiphumo yabo, ukufumanisa i-neoplasms yiphina impawu. Ukwandisa ixabiso lokufundisa lwenkqubo, isicatshulwa esiphathelene nomxholo we-iodine sijongelwa kwangaphambili kwisitya se-ulnar.
Enye yeempembelelo zanamhlanje kunye nempumelelo yezokwelapha i-multislice ikhompyutri yekhomputha yentloko, intamo, izitho kunye namanye amalungu omzimba. Ngombulelo kwesoftware eqhubela phambili le nto ivumela ukudala imodeli emithathu ye-circulatory system yomntu onokwenzeka ukuba imephu yayo ichazwe kuyo nawaphi na ama-angles.
I-CT perfusion
Ingcaciso echaziweyo yolu cwaningo ithathwa njengendlela epheleleyo kunye nechanekileyo yokufumanisa izifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane. I-Perfusion yekhompyutyutha yekhompyutheni iyahluke kwinkqubo eqhelekileyo kunye nobuncinci be-cut cut, obonelela nge-3D-model model of organ as a result. Ukuphathwa okunjalo kuqhutyelwa ngokulawulwa kwe-intravenous of medium contrast under control of dropper.
Kwimichiza, kuphela ukucutha kwe-CT yengqondo kunye nesibindi kusetyenziswa. Akunceda kuphela ukudala umfanekiso ochanekileyo obunemifanekiso emithathu yezinto eziphilayo, kodwa kwakhona ukuvavanya ubungakanani kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwegazi legazi ngeemveliso zabo, ezinkulu neempahla ezincinci. Kwiinkqubo zanamhlanje ezi nkqubo zingabonwa ngexesha langempela.
CT - izibonakaliso kunye nokuchasene
Le teknoloji isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiyeza ngeenjongo ezininzi. I-tomography ekhompyutheni ingabelwa njenge:
- ukuhlola;
- ukuxilongwa ngokukhawuleza;
- kuhlolwa okucwangcisiweyo;
- ukuvavanywa kobuchule bonyango;
- lawula ukuphunyezwa kweendlela zokwelapha kunye nokuxilonga.
CT - izibonakaliso ze:
- kutyhafa ;
- intloko;
- umkhuhlane odeleyo;
- umkhuhlane;
- isifo soxinzelelo;
- utshintsho kwisimo sengqondo;
- intlungu;
- ukuphazamiseka kwegazi;
- ejongene neengxaki zegazi;
- ukukhubazeka;
- ukukhathazeka kwengqondo ;
- uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu;
- i-hypoventilation yemiphunga;
- ukulinganisa;
- intlungu kuyo nayiphi na inxalenye yomzimba ongaveliyo;
- utshintsho olusigxininisekile ekuhambeni kunye nomgangatho wesigxina;
- izifo zokutya;
- ukuhamba ngokungahambi kakuhle komgca kunye namalungu;
- myalgia ;
- ukukhubazeka kwenkqubo yokuphefumula;
- ukuphuma kwangaphakathi ;
- Izifo zamazinyo kunye nomlomo womlomo;
- ukukrokra kobukho bezinto ezingasetyenziswayo naluphina umgangatho;
- iipresresis ezinzima kunye nezinye iimeko.
Ukungqinelana kokusetyenziswa ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwe-ejenti yokuphambana:
- khulelwa;
- Ubunzima bomzimba bugqithise ubuninzi obuvunyelwe kwisixhobo esele sikhona.
I-CT kunye nezidakamizwa ezinama-iodine ine-contraindications efanayo, kwaye ayinakwenziwa kwiimeko ezinjalo:
- myeloma;
- ukuxhatshazwa kwi-arhente ehlukileyo;
- isifo sikashukela esikhatywayo;
- ukuhluleka kwezintso ;
- Isimo esipheleleyo esinganelisekiyo somntu;
- i-pathology ye-thyroid gland.
Yintoni eboniswa ngayo i-tomography show?
Ngokuncediswa kwindlela echazwe ngayo yokuhlola, kunokwenzeka ukuba uhlolisise zonke izakhiwo ezikhoyo. Ziziphi iimpawu ze-CT zixhomekeke kwinjongo yinjongo yayo, indawo ephantsi kophando kunye nohlobo lwenkqubo. Ikhompyutha ye-tomography isetyenziselwa ukuxilonga izitho zangaphakathi, izicubu ezithambileyo, amathambo namalungu. I-Angiographie kunye ne-perfusion isetyenziselwa izifo zemithambo emikhulu neyencinci yegazi.
I-tomography ekhompyutheni yesigxina esiswini
Kulo mmandla, uviwo luyakunceda ukuchonga i-pathologies nayiphi na inxalenye yesiganeko sokutya. I-tomography ekhompyutheni yeentso, i-spleen, amathumbu, isibindi, i-pancreas imiselwe xa kunokusola kwezi ngxaki ezilandelayo:
- ikhefu;
- maqhekeza;
- izilonda ezithathelwanayo;
- aneurysms;
- iimvumba;
- ukwandisa okanye i-lymph node ezikhulayo;
- ubukho bezinto zangaphandle;
- i-diverticula;
- ukuphuma kwangaphakathi;
- appendicitis;
- ukungabikho komntwana.
I-tomography yekhompyutheni yamathumbu iquka ukusetyenziswa kohlobo oluphambeneyo. Ngaphambi kokuphathwa, isigulane kufuneka siphuze isisombululo esikhethekileyo se-iodine. Siyabulela ukusetyenziswa kwendlela yokwahlula, imodeli emithathu-ntathu yomathumbu iya kubonisa ngokucacileyo kuphela iindonga zequmrhu, kodwa kunye nenethiwekhi yeemithwalo yegazi, ii-curved curves kunye ne-state membranes.
I-tomography ekhompyutheni yesifuba
Le ngingqi yophando inikezela ukuxilongwa ngokucacileyo kwenkqubo yokuphefumula, intliziyo, i-esophagus, aorta, izilonda zamathambo kunye nezicubu ezithambileyo. I-tomography yamakhompyutheni yemiphunga kunye ne-bronchi isinconywa ukufumanisa kwezi zifo:
- usulelo lwe-bhakteria okanye usulelo lwe-virus;
- i-tumor;
- aneurysm;
- ukumbumba;
- isifo sofuba;
- pneumonia ;
- iziphulo zokuphuhlisa;
- utshintsho olusemva kwesifo;
- i-metastases;
- atelectasis;
- pleurisy;
- sarcoidosis;
- ii-cysts;
- ikhefu.
Ezinye izifo ezenza uncedo lokufumanisa i-thorax tomography:
- isifo senhliziyo kunye neemitha ezinkulu zegazi;
- i-neoplasm kwiintlanzi zamathambo;
- mediastinitis;
- utywala;
- ukukhubazeka kwesithintelo;
- reflux gastroesophageal;
- iimpazamo ekuphuhlisweni kwe-mediastinum;
- lymphogranulomatosis nabanye.
I-tomography ekhompyutheni yengqondo
Uviwo lweziko eliphambili le-nervous system lisetyenziselwa imvelaphi yazo nayiphi na inguqu ekusebenzeni kwayo. Ngaphambi kwenkqubo, ugqirha kufuneka achaze ukuba yintoni ukuhlolwa kwe-CT yengqondo - uchungechunge lweemifanekiso ze-X-ray ezahlukahlukeneyo, ukuvumela ukuba ufumane imifanekiso ephezulu (imiqatha) yokwakha imodeli ecacileyo ye-3D.
Ukuxhatshazwa kunceda ukuxilonga izifo kunye nokulimala komzimba, ukuvavanya ubuninzi bokusabalalisa kwi-vasculature, ukubeka iliso kwinkqubo yokwenza unyango. I-tomography yekhompyutheni yobuchopho ibonisa ukuphulwa okulandelayo:
- ukubetha;
- izihlamba ezinobungozi kunye nezibi;
- hematomas;
- nzakala;
- ikhefu;
- ukukhubazeka okumangalisayo kwegazi;
- encephalitis;
- i-meningitis;
- izizwe zangaphandle kwiisisindo ezinqabileyo;
- maqhekeza;
- iziphulo eziphuculweyo okanye ezifunyenweyo;
- edema;
- i-fractures kwisiseko seskull;
- ukwanda kwintsipho yengqondo;
- i-hydrocephalus;
- thrombi;
- iingxaki zokuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic okanye imivimbo;
- iingxaki zama-hemispheres nabanye.
I-tomography yamazinyo
Olu pho nonongo lufunekayo kwizifo ezinamazinyo ezinzulu okanye ngesidingo sokungenelela kokuphaphazeleka phantsi kolawulo lwe-X-ray. I-tomography yekhompyutheni yomhlathi iyanceda ukufumanisa:
- neoplasms;
- maqhekeza;
- ukuvuvukala kweengcambu zeengcambu ezijikelezile;
- utshintsho kwisakhiwo sexesha kunye nexesha lexesha;
- ubukho bamazinyo obunobumba obuqhelekileyo;
- iziphoso zokuzalwa;
- ukulimala komhlathi;
- utshintsho kwiimbumba zamanzi;
- ukugula kwepalp;
- izifo zomngcambu weengcambu;
- iziphazamiso ezijikelezayo kwiinkonzo ezincinci;
- iimpazamo zezono zangaphambili neziswini.
I-tomography eqingqiweyo yomgudu
Ukunikezelwa kokunikezelwa kunikwe ukuba kucaciswe ukuxilongwa ngeentlungu ezinzima emva kwaye ulinganise ukuhamba kwawo. Yintoni ebonisa i-CT yomgudu:
- i fractures;
- osteoporosis;
- ulungiso;
- osteochondrosis;
- umthwalo;
- utshintshe kwi-lumen yesiginci somgudu;
- ukutshatyalaliswa kweentetho;
- ikhefu;
- ukunyanzeliswa kweengcambu zesiswini somgca womgudu;
- isifo se-arthritis yama-intervertebral joints;
- iimvumba;
- iindawo zokuhlala ezinxulumene nemimandla;
- ukubola;
- spondylosis;
- utyumba kwi vertebrae;
- i-scoliosis;
- izifo ze rheumatic;
- stenosis;
- ukuvutha;
- ukungazinzi kwezilwanyana;
- myelopathy;
- ukucima imithwalo yegazi.
I-tomography yekhompyutheni yesono sempumlo
Inkqubo ekuthethwa ngayo inikeza uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwezo zonke izicwangciso zendlela yokuphefumula:
- zesono ezinkulu;
- izono eziphambili;
- labyrrinth lattic;
- emithanjeni enemibala.
I-tomography yekhompyutheni yempumlo ibonisa:
- etmoiditis;
- sinusitis;
- sinusitis;
- frontitis;
- sphenoiditis;
- izicubu zeembrane ezinqabileyo kwanoma imuphi umgangatho;
- iinkqubo ezivuthayo;
- iipolisi;
- adenoids;
- ukukhubazeka, ukuphuka kunye nezinye ukulimala kwamathambo;
- izinto zangaphandle;
- ukungabikho kokuzalwa komntwana wesakhiwo.