Ukunyuka okuqhubekayo kwingcinezelo yegazi (BP), ekubhekiswe kuyo kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla njengengcinezelo yomshukela , kuthiwa yi-blood pressure. Iyakwenza njengesibonakaliso sesifo seengtso, inkqubo ye-endocrine, uxinzelelo. Olu xhaphalo lwengxowankulu lubalelwa ku-5-10% kuphela kweemeko, ngelixa i-90 ukuya kuma-95% yabantu abanegazi legazi eliphakamileyo lijongene nexinzelelo lwengcinezelo (umxhesho ophezulu ophezulu). Emva koko, siya kuqwalasela ukuba senze ntoni ngokunyuka kwengcinezelo yegazi.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zengcinezelo yegazi
Ukuchonga ingozi yesondlo esetyenziswe izikhombisi zengcinezelo yegazi eliphezulu kunye nezantsi.
I-Systolic (umda ophezulu) - uxinzelelo kwimibhobho, evela ngexesha lokuqhawuka kwentliziyo nokuxoshwa kwegazi. Inani eliqhelekileyo li-110 - 139 mm Hg. Ubugcisa.
I-Diastolic (umda ophantsi) - uxinzelelo kwimibhobho, evela ngexesha lokuphumla kwenhliziyo. Isiqhelo si-80 - 89 mm Hg. Ubugcisa.
Uxinzelelo lwe-pulsion ngumdahluko, phakathi komda ophezulu nangaphantsi (umzekelo, xa uxinzelelo lwe-122/82 ngu-40 mm Hg).
Umgangatho wokunyanzeliswa kwe-pulse u-50-40 mm Hg. Ubugcisa.Iimpawu zengcinezelo yegazi ephakamileyo
Uxinzelelo lwe-hypertension lugxininisekile ukuba ixabiso legazi liphezulu ngaphezu kwe-140/90 mm Hg. Ubugcisa. La manani aphezulu kakhulu kubantu abaneesifo esixinzelelekileyo, nangona kunjalo, ngezinye izigulane ayizivumi kwaye ifunda ngokunyuka kwexinzelelo, kuphela ukubeka iikheyitha zeetonometer.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, ngoxinzelelo olunzulu, utywala, intloko, ukukhathala. Ngaphantsi kaninzi, izimpumlo zeempumlo kunye nokuhamba kwegazi kuya kubonakala. Ukuba iimpawu ze-BP ezigqithisiweyo zizinzile, kodwa isigulane asifumani unyango olufanelekileyo, oku kuwonakalisa kakhulu kwizitho zangaphakathi - ingqondo, izintso, amehlo, intliziyo. Kule meko, ngaphezu kwezi zibonakaliso, kukho isicaphuko, ukuhlanza, ukuphefumula, ukukhathazeka.
Izizathu zokunyuka kwengcinezelo yegazi ephantsi
Kwi-20% yeziganeko zesifo esixinzelelekileyo, izigulane zinomlinganiselo ophantsi ophakamileyo we-BP kwisixinzelelo esiqhelekileyo se-systolic.
Isizathu soxinzelelo olubalulekileyo sinoku:
- uzuzo lwezinto;
- u bunzima;
- umsebenzi owenziwe ngokwaneleyo;
- ukuthatha iityuwa ngokweqile;
- ukukhusela ukuxinezeleka;
- ukutshaya, ukusela utywala.
Ngamanye amaxesha ukunyuka kwengcinezelo yegazi ephantsi kunenxa yezinye izizathu:
- Izifo zeengtso (i- pyelonephritis , i-glomerulonephritis, i-polycystosis, i-amyloidosis, i-atherosclerosis yemikhumbi yeentso);
- izifo ze-endocrine (pheochromocytoma).
Isalathisi se-diastolic yegazi isalathisi se-alamu, kuba le meko inegalelo ekufakeni i-cholesterol kunye ne-fibrin ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, esongela impilo.
Unyango lonyuka kwengcinezelo esezantsi kufuneka uqale ngokuchongwa kwesizathu esinyani se-pathology.
Iimbangela ze-high blood pressure
Uxinzelelo lwegazi lwe-systolic kunye nesicatshulwa esingaphantsi kwe-90 mm Hg. Ubugcisa. liqhelekileyo kubantu abadala. Isizathu sokukhubazeka: ukunyusa kweendonga zeempahla, ezisongela iingxaki ze-vascular, ukuba zibizwa kanjalo. I-sysilic hypertension ayikwazi ukuphathwa. Le meko iyakwandisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa kwintliziyo kunye nesifo.
Unyango lwegazi eliphezulu
Ukuba iimpawu zengcinezelo yegazi azihambelani nomfutho wexinzelelo, kodwa zibonakaliswe zizifo zesinye isifo (njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla, ngu-5-10% amatyala), ngoko kufuneka unyango lujoliswe ekupheliseni isifo esisiseko.
Kwimigangatho yokuqala yexinzelelo olubalulekileyo, uncedo lwezonyango olungelona unyango, olubandakanya:
- ukwehla kwinqanaba leetyuwa yansuku zonke;
- ku thintela u
- ukwala ukutshaya, utywala;
- ukuhamba ngokomzimba (ukuhamba, ukubhukuda);
- ukulahleka kwesisindo (kunye nokukhuluphala);
- ukutya kunye nokuthintela i-fat fat.
Ukungabikho kwefuthe lokuthatha unyango lwegazi eliphezulu. Ukusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo:
- diuretics;
- ACE inhibitors;
- i-angiotensin receptor blockers;
- abaxhasi be-calcium;
- beta-blockers.