Umbuzo, staphylococcus - ukuba le nto ibuzwa ngabaninzi, ngakumbi abo bafumana le bhakteriyo yentsapho yeStaphylococcal. Ingozi yalo mzimba we-microorganism emzimbeni womzimba ufundwa kakuhle kwaye ifunyaniswa kwinqanaba elide. Iingcali zihlukanisa iintlobo ezininzi zebhaktiriya, ezahlukileyo ngobukhulu, umbala kunye nesenzo.
Staphylococcus - yintoni na kwaye idluliselwa njani?
Igama eliyikrakra elithi "staphylococcus" - yintoni na kwaye yingozi, iyaziwa ngowe-1878, ngenxa yokufunyanwa kukaRobert Koch odumileyo, owaziwayo ngokufumanisa i-agent ekhuselayo yesifo sofuba. I-staphylococcus ibhaktheriya iyingozi kakhulu emzimbeni womntu, kuba, ukungena ngaphakathi, kubangela izifo ezininzi, inani elifikelela kwikhulu.
Ingqikithi, kukho iindidi ezingama-27 zezi bhaktiriya zasendle, phakathi kwazo ezi-14 zihlala ngokusisigxina kwiinkcenkceshelo zabantu. Phakathi kwezi zifo ezi-14 kuphela ezineyingozi kwimpilo yethu:
- golide;
- hemolytic;
- epidermal;
- saprophytic.
Iindlela eziphambili zokudluliselwa kwezi bhaktiriya zomoya kwaye zihamba ngomoya. Okokuthi, i-staphylococcus ingangena emzimbeni ngesikhumba, iimbilini, amehlo, igazi, amanxeba avulekileyo kunye nokutshisa. Iimbangela zokungcola ziquka izandla ezingcolileyo, izinto ezingenakunqatha kunye nezixhobo, i-catheters, ukutya okungahlambulukanga kunye nezinto zokuhlambulula umntu.
Staphylococcus aureus - yintoni na?
Inomdla omkhulu ngumbuzo, staphylococcus aureus - ukuba le yingozi kwaye le bteriki, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Staphylococcus aureus. Igama lebhaktiriya libangelwa umbane, onombala wegolide xa uthelwe kwindawo yokuhlala. Le ntlobo inendawo yokuhlala enkulu, inokufumaneka kwiinkcukacha zesikhumba, izixhobo zonyango, iintshukumo zezingane, izilonda zesikhumba kunye neembrane ezinamaqabunga.
Izixhobo ze-Staphylococcus aureus zi:
- Ukukwazi ukuvelisa i-penicillinase kunye ne-lidase, eyenza iibhaktheriya zihlaselwe kwaye zikhuselwe kwimiphumo yeziyobisi zamachiza.
- Ukuchasana nokuxhatshazwa kunye nefuthe leemeko ezithile zendalo. I-Staphylococcus aureus inokumelana nokupheka imizuzu eyi-10, iqhwa, ukuvezwa kwe-hydrogen peroxide kunye ne-ethyl alcohol.
- Ibhaktiriya inako ukukhulula i-endotoxin, eyona nto ibangelwa ukuxiliswa komzimba ngokuqhelekileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo kuholele ekutshatyalazweni okunesifo esiyingozi .
Staphylococcus hemolytic - yintoni na?
Olunye uhlobo lwebhaktiriya, oluyingozi kubantu, i-hemolytic staphylococcus, ogama lakhe livela ekunokwenzeka ukuba i-hemolysis (intshabalalo). I-Hemolytic staphylococcus - yintoni na kwaye idluliselwa njani, kubalulekile ukwazi ukwazi indlela yokuphepha ukhuseleko. Olu hlobo lwe-staphylococcus lubangela iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba emzimbeni. Iindlela eziphambili zentsholongwane zi:
- Uqhagamshelwano -khaya. Usulelo luvela ngokudluliselwa kumntu ogulayo kumntu onempilo ngokubelana ngemveliso yezempilo, izitya, ilinen yelinen kunye neengubo zangaphantsi. Kuyakwazi ukudlulisela isifo ngoqhagamshelwano lomzimba phambi kwamanxeba kunye ne-abrasions.
- Zonyango. Isizathu sokungcola ngale ndlela asinakulungeleka ukukhutshwa kwezixhobo zonyango.
- Ukuhla. Ibhaktiriya ingena kunye nothuli ngokusebenzisa indlela yokuphefumula.
- I-Oral-fecal. Ukukhulelwa kubangelwa ngenxa yokungathobeli imithetho yempilo kunye nemveliso engcolileyo.
Epidermal staphylococcus aureus
Olu hlobo lweebhaktheriya aluyingozi njengabalingani balo oluhlu, kuba luyingxenye ebalulekileyo ye-microflora yabantu kwaye lubeka isoyiko kuphela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwi-immunity. Kufanelekile ukukhankanya nge-epidermal staphylococcus ukuba idluliselwa ngokungahambisani nayo yonke imimiselo yohlambuluko, kunye nobudlelwane obusondeleyo nomntu osulelekileyo kunye nezixhobo zonyango ezingazange zikhutshwe ngokupheleleyo.
Saprophytic Staphylococcus aureus
Olu hlobo lweebhaktheriya lunokuthi lubhekwe njengento engcolileyo, kuba kubantwana, umzekelo, akunakwenzeka. Indawo yokuhlala kuyo yindonga yangasemva kwesikhumba kunye nekhanda elingumda kwizitho zangasese, ngoko-saprophyte staphylococcus ixhaphake kakhulu kubasetyhini kwaye iyona nto ibangela i-cystitis. Kwakukho imeko xa usuleleko lukhokelela ekuvukeleni ezintsheni, ngoko kunye ne-cystitis kwakufuneka ukuba uphathe unyango lwe-pyelonephritis.
Yintoni eyenza i-staphylococcus aureus?
Ukufumanisa i-staphylococcus - yintoni na, sihlolisise i-infathogens yentsholongwane, ebeka ingozi kwiimeko zempilo yabantu. Bonke bangakwazi ukuziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo emzimbeni, kuxhomekeke kwimimandla yokuzikhusela kunye neempawu, kodwa zonke ezi zifo zidibanisa unyango olululo kunye nokunyanzeliswa unyango. Naluphina ubonakaliso bentsholongwane, nokuba i-hemolytic staphylococcus kwimpumlo okanye i-cystitis idinga ukupheliswa kweso sizathu.
Ibhaktheriya enobungozi yentsapho yaseStaphylococcus inokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzulu kwaye zikhokelela ekungathandekiyo, kwaye zihlala ziyingozi ezinokuthi:
- zixhala;
- ukulahlekelwa kwegama elipheleleyo okanye ngokukhawuleza;
- umkhuhlane;
- pyelonephritis ;
- i-meningitis;
- endocarditis ;
- sepsis;
- ukungabikho kwemiphunga;
- i-pleura.
Izibonakaliso ze-Staphylococcal Infection
Ukuqwalasela iimpawu eziphambili zentsholongwane ye-staphylococcal, kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba umfanekiso wekliniki unokuxhomekeka kakhulu kwiimeko zesigulane kunye nesifo sengcinezelo, ngoko sikhetha ukuba uzifundele iimpawu eziqhelekileyo kuzo zonke iintlobo zentsholongwane ye-staphylococcal:
- ukuhla kwamandla;
- ukuvuvukala;
- hyperemia;
- ukwanda kweqondo lokushisa;
- intloko;
- izifo zokulala;
- utshintshe ilizwi;
- uxinzelelo oluphantsi;
- ibhali;
- iingxaki zokuphefumula (ukukhwehlela, ukunyunyuza, ukuphefumula okufutshane);
- ukungahambi kakuhle;
- kunciphise ukutya kunye neengxaki emsebenzini wegciwane lesisu;
- sinusitis yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo;
- pyoderma;
- izifo zokuphefumula;
- osteomyelitis;
- cholecystitis ;
- Isifo seRitter;
- syndrome yokutshatyalaliswa.
Ucwaningo lweStaprolococcus
Kukho ezine iindidi eziyingozi ze-staplocloccus kwaye indawo yabo yendawo ingahluka, ngoko ke ingcali yesazi kuphela emva kwe-anamnesis yenza i-aphoyintimenti yokunikezelwa kweemvavanyo. Njengomthetho, i-smears ezivela kwiimbumba zempumlo zempumlo, i-pharynx kunye namanye athatyathwa ukuhlalutya, kunye negazi, ubisi lwebele, iifesi kunye nomchamo. Ukuba isigulane ngokwakhe silungiselela isampuli yezinto eziphathekayo, kufuneka uthenge isitsha esikhethekileyo kwi-pharmacy eqinisekisa ukuhlanzeka kwezinto eziphathekayo.
Iimpawu ezifunyenweyo ngophando lwebhubhoratri zifundwa ngcali eziza kufikelela kwizigqibo ezifanelekileyo. I-Staphylococcus, enegama elihlukileyo kubantwana nakubantu abadala, ngamaxabiso angama-104 cfu / ml kwinqanaba lokuqala kunye no-102-103 cf / ml kweso sibini ayilungele umzimba. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba inani leengcali eziqinisekile ukuba izinga liphantsi kakhulu (ngamaxesha angama-10), ngoko kubalulekile ukufumana ugqirha onobungcali oza kwenza izigqibo ezifanelekileyo.
Staphylococcus yonyango
Umbuzo wendlela yokunqoba i-staphylococcus ngokukhawuleza kunokwenzeka ufuna ukucatshungulwa ngokubanzi, kuba unyango olunzima luyahlukahluka kuxhomekeke kwintlungu. Nangona kunjalo, zonke iintlobo zesifo sohlobo lwe-staphylococcal ziphathwa ngamachiza e-antibiotic, kwaye i-bacteriophages isetyenziselwa-iintsholongwane ezichaphazela iiseli zebhaktheriya, apho i-staphylococci ihanjiswa khona.
Staphylococcus - antibiotics unyango
Xa ugxininisa "staphylococcus", iintsholongwane ziyilona lokuqala kunye nonyango oluphambili. Phakathi kwezixhobo ezininzi ezinikezela ngee-pharmology zanamhlanje, umntu unokukwazi ukwahlula obalaseleyo nabathandwayo.
- Vancomycin. Ukwaziswa kwangaphakathi. Unceda ukutshabalalisa icandelo elenza inxalenye yeselfelesi yesellu, ekhokelela ekutshatyalaliswa kwayo.
- Oxacillin. Faka isicelo kunye ne-intravenously, kunye ne-intramuscularly, kunye ngomlomo. Ngempumelelo utshabalalisa iibhaktheriya kwimiqathango yokusulela.
- Cefotaxime. Ilawulwa nge-intramuscularly and intravenously, inqanda ukukhula kwebhaktheriya.
- Amoxicillin. Isetyenziswe ngomlomo. Inceda ukukhusela ukuphuhliswa kosulelo kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kweebhaktheriya.
- Cefazolin. Ibhaktheriya ayifaki kwiindonga, ezenza zingakhuselekanga kwaye zikhokelela ekufeni. Faka isicelo nge-intravenously and intramuscularly.
- Erythromycin. Ithintela ukuveliswa kweprotheni, eyona nto isakhiwo esiyinhloko.
- Clindamycin. Ifana nesenzo kunye no-Erythromycin.
- Cephalothin. Ukuchaphazela ngokutsha iimbumba kunye nomathuba wokukhula.
- Cloxacillin. Ukukhusela umlenze kwinqanaba lesahlulo. Yamukelwa nganye iiyure ezingama-6.
- Cephalexin. Ukuthintela ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziphathekayo kwiimbrane zeseli.
- Clarithromycin. Esi sigqirha siphumelele ngempumelelo kunye nokuvelisa iprotheni ethile, ekhokelela ekufeni kwebhaktiriya.
I-bacteriophages ukusuka kwi-staphylococcus aureus
Ukusetyenziswa kwama- bacteriophages kunyango lwe-staplocloccus kuyafaneleka kuphela ukuba i-strain ifunyenwe ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuchaswa kwe staphylococcus kule meko akukhathazeki, kuba i-bacteriophages yenza njengenyoka, ukukhetha ngokuchanekileyo ithagethi kunye nokutshabalalisa ibhaktheriya ngaphakathi. Unyango ngama-bacteriophages luqhutywa ngongcenkceshelo, izicelo kunye nokulawulwa kwamacandelo. Amanani axhomekeke kwiminyaka yobudala.
I-Staphylococcus - izilwanyana zabantu
Ukwazi ukusuka kwimbono yesayensi, staphylococcus, luhlobo luni lokusuleleka ngolu hlobo, abaninzi banokuthabatha iindlela zeendlela ezingekhoyo. Iyeza zonyango zinikeza ezininzi iindlela zokuncedisa kunyango lwaluphi na uhlobo lwesifo, nokuba yi-epidermal staphilococcus ebusweni, okanye i-saprophytic, ihamba ne-cystitis. Iindlela zokupheka ezithandwa kakhulu nezilula:
- I-tincture yepropolis. I-tincture elungiselelwe yepropolis ithathwa ngomlomo okanye njengokuhlanza. I-propolis igaya kwaye igubungele phantsi kwesitya se-literate, uzalise ngotywala olunamandla (40% okanye ngaphezulu), gxininisa kwindawo emnyama ubuncinane ngeveki.
- Amaqabunga eBurdock kunye ne-comfrey. Thela izinto zokucoca kwi-1: 1 ngomlinganiselo wamanzi abilayo kwaye ugxininise ikota yeyure, thabatha kathathu ngosuku nge 50 grams.
- Ivava yegolide. Iipunipodi ezimbini zeerbshi ziboshwe esikhwameni kwaye ziphonswe kwiitre zamanzi abilayo. Pheka uze umbala wamanzi ube ngegolide. Umhluzi obangelwayo usetyenziselwa ukusela endaweni yamanzi kunye nemida kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo (umzekelo, ukuxhaswa).