I-Asparagus ithathwa njengesityalo esiyingqayizivele kwaye esilungileyo, ukulima kwesi sityalo esingenakuthobeka kunye nokubandayo kunokuveliswa kumazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi kangangeminyaka emininzi. Ngoku ayisayi kuthathwa njengento ebiza ngokugqithiseleyo yindoda ehloniphekileyo, ukufumana ngokuqinisekileyo imvume yemvume kwiindawo ezininzi zelizwe.
Inkcazo ye-Asparagus
Izityalo zentsapho ye-asparagus zifunyenwe kuzo zonke iindawo, kodwa ezinye zazo zikhula kumazwe anomhlaba omile. Imelela ingqumbo engapheliyo ngokuphakama kwimizuzu enye kunye nesiqingatha, apho ifumana khona ukususela kwi-9 kuya kwe-12 iifomthi zengcambu, ikulungele ukusetyenziswa ukususela ngo-Ephreli ukuya kuJuni. Intengo ephakamileyo ye-asparagus idibene nexesha elincinane lokuvuthwa, isivuno esincinci kunye ne-shelf emfutshane yokuveliswa kwemveliso. Xa ama-buds ephezulu, amaqabunga ayaqina kwaye alahlekelwe ngongoma, ngoko ukulibazisa ekucoceni akuvumelekanga.
Xa kuthengiswa kukho i-asparagus emhlophe, i-violet kunye nohlaza eluhlaza, indlela yokulima i-cardin ithonya umbala wemveliso kunye neempawu zokugcoba. Ukuze bafumane amahlumela amhlophe, bahlala behlaziyekile, bekhusela elangeni. Ukuba indawo yokukhusela yomhlaba ifotshi yenziwa ngokuthe ngcembe, inika ithuba lokutshiza i-asparagus ithuba lokumisa phantsi kweemvula ezifudumeleyo, ngoko iiphakamileyo zifumana i-huo violet. I-asparagus eluhlaza ikhulile phantsi kwezulu evulekile ngaphandle kokuphakama.
Uhlobo lwe-Asparagus
Ngoku, i-asparagus yokukhula kwintsimi kwaye intsimi isetyenziselwa kakhulu uhlobo lwamadoda, ngokubhekiselele kwiimbumba ezivulekileyo. Ayivelisi imbewu egcwele izityalo, ekulungele ukuhlwayela, kodwa isivuno esandileyo sehluma ezinamandla. Iimpawu zokungaphandle kweJer Jersey enkulu, iJersey Prince, iJersey Knight, i-Syn 53, i-UC 157, i-Syn 4-362 yazingekho.
Okwangoku, iintlobo ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu zityalo ziye zatsalwa. Kwi-intanethi yezorhwebo, imbewu ye-asparagus yokwelapha, iifom zokutyebisa okanye ezihlwayekileyo zithengiswa. Ngokungafani nongxubevange, iintlobo ezizaliswa ekhaya, ukuba unqwenela, unokuhlala ufumana imbewu yakho kwiinjongo zakho. Amabakala ahloniphekileyo ayaziwa ngokuba yi-asparagus yokulima uSlava Braunschweig, iNtloko ye-Snow kunye neLate Argentina.
Ukutyala imbewu ye-asparagus kwindawo evulekile
Esi sityalo sezityalo sineendawo zonke, i-asparagus ityalwe ngokusika, ukwahlula isiqithi kunye nokusebenzisa imbewu. Indlela yokugqibela idibene neengxaki ezithile, izihlandlo zihlala zikhalaza ngokuhluma. Ukulima kwenkcubeko yembewu kuya kuba yindlela ebalulekileyo kubantu abangenazo izihlahla zengwenya okanye bahlala kwiindawo apho esi sityalo sinqabile. Abantu abanomdla abanomdla kwi-asparagus, ukulima kunye nokuveliswa kwesityalo esinokubhaliweyo kulula ukubhala iintlobo ezikhethiweyo ngeposi, ukufumana imbewu yayo emhlabeni jikelele.
I-Asparagus - indawo yokutyala
Ukuba uhlwayelwa ngqo imbewu ensimini entwasahlobo, kuya kuba nzima ukufikelela kwisiphumo esihle somlimi wezityalo. I-Asparagus ikhule kakuhle ukusuka kwimbewu ngokusetyenziswa kwabasebenzi, kodwa inokuthenjwa kwendlela yokugcina imbewu, kunye nembewu ngokwalo ixhomekeke kunyango kunye nezilungiselelo ezikhuthazayo ukwenzela ukwandisa ipesenteji yokuhluma. Umyalelo wokulima kwesi siqhelo kulula kwaye kulula ukwenza ekhaya.
Ukulima kwe-asparagus evela kwimbewu:
- Ngeentsuku zokuqala zika-Epreli, sifaka imbewu kwiiyure ezingama-48 kwisisombululo samanzi kunye nezikhuthazo zokukhula ("Epin", "iZircon" , ezinye iindlela ezikhoyo).
- Ukutyala, sisebenzisa izitya kunye nomhlaba, oququzelelwe ngumxube womquba, i-peat kunye nomhlaba ocacileyo kumyezo wakho (1: 1: 1).
- Imbewu igubungela umhlaba ngomgca we-1 cm, uyibeka ngokucwangcisa u-6x6 cm.
- Gxobhoza umhlaba ngamanzi kwi-sprayer.
- Ngethuba lokuhluma, sigubungela izikhonkwane ngefilimu okanye ugciniweyo ukuze umhlaba ungasomile.
- Iqondo lokushisa kwisitya ligcinwa malunga nama-25-27 ° C.
- Esi sihlandlo sibeka phantsi izityalo ukuhambisa.
- Ixesha lokuhluma lembewu lifikelela kwiiveki ezi-6! Uya kufuneka ulinde ixesha elide kude kuvele i-asparagus eluhlaza, ukulima kwesi sithethe kudinga ukuguga.
Ixesha lokungena kwi-asparagus umhlaba
Iimbewu ezincinci zesityalo zihlala zibuthathaka kunokuba zivelwe, ezifunyenwe ngendalo. Akwanele ukufumana izitshalo ezinqamlekileyo ze-asparagus ezivela kwimbewu, ixesha lokutshala amahlumela ebuthathaka emhlabathini, kubalulekile ukukhetha okuchanekileyo. Iintlobo ezingathandekiyo kummandla ophakathi kufuneka zihanjiswe kwindawo esigxina phambi kwe-yeshumi yesibini kaJuni. I-Asparagus isityalo esinqanda ukushisa, kodwa amahlumela amancinci angabandezeleka ngeqabunga.
Ukutshala i-asparagus ihluma
Ngo-Matshi-Juni, kulula ukusabalalisa imifuno eyintandokazi ngokucoca, ukufumana izityalo ezilungileyo ukususela kumahlumela omnyaka odlulileyo, ukusikwa kwizityalo ezindala ze-uterine. Ukutyala izityalo ze-asparagus kwiindawo ezivulekileyo zenziwa phantsi kwee-hood, ezenziwa kwiibhotile zeplastiki ezikhoyo. Ngethuba lokuhluthwa kweengcambu kucetyiswa ukuba kuphuculwe kunye nokufuthekisa amahlumela, ukususa isikrini sokukhusela iiyure ezimbalwa kwiimozulu zezulu okanye kwixesha langokuhlwa. Kwinyanga kunye nesiqingatha, izityalo ziya kuba zikulungele ukupheka.
Iskimu sokutshala i-asparagus endle - imithetho eyintloko
Akufanele sikhohlwe ukuba sibhekene nenkcubeko yexesha elide le-asparagus, ukutshala nokushiya kwintsimi evulekileyo kwiminyaka emininzi kwindawo engunaphakade. Umbhede kunye neendwangu kwiindawo ezincinci kufuneka zifakwe ecaleni okanye udongeni. Indlela edibeneyo yomqolo ifanelekileyo kwimimandla emikhulu apho i-asparagus yemifuno ityalwe khona, iyakhula kule meko kwimida ukuya kwi-30 cm ububanzi. Phakathi kwimiqolo sisuka kude ukuya kwi-1 m.
Izityalo ze-Asparagus - imihla yokulima
Ehlabathini elivulekileyo, izityalo ezinomsoco ezinamandla kwaye ezinamandla zokuhlanjululwa kwe-asparagus zifanelekile, ukukhula buthathaka, izityalo ezigulayo nezingafanelekiyo zincinci zinika iziphumo ezilungileyo, zimele zilahlwe ngokukhawuleza. Ukususela kwi-greenhouse, izityalo zonyaka ophelileyo zityalwe emhlabathini kwiinyanga zakuqala zentsasa, xa umhlaba uvuselela kakuhle. Ukuba ubandakanyeka kwizityalo ebusika kwaye ufumana izityalo eziqhelekileyo ngehlobo, uze uzidlulisele emhlabathini ovulekileyo ngaphandle komhla ka-Juni, ukwenzela ukuba amahlumela abe nexesha lokuziqhelanisa neqhwa.
Izimo ezikhulayo
Naliphi na isityalo esisendle apho umlimi weloli ofuna ukufumana izivuno ezifanelekileyo kufuna ukuthambisa okulinganayo, ukuchumisa, ukukhupha umhlaba kunye nokukhutshwa kokhula kwiindawo. Ukunyamekela i-asparagus akuyona into enzima, yonke imisebenzi ephambili yokulima kwayo ingabhaniswa kumhlathi amaninzi. Into ephambili ukuziphatha ngexesha elifanelekileyo lomsebenzi wezolimo kunye nokugcinwa kwamayeza afanelekileyo xa kufaka isichumisi samaminerali.
Ukukhula kwe-asparagus kweli lizwe - ukuthambisa
I-asparagus yemifuno ithanda ukukhula kwaye ishiya ngokutyilisa ngokulinganiselayo, xa amanzi eziswa phantsi kweengcambu ngexesha elilinganayo kumanani amancinci. Ukuwongamela kulo mbandela akufanele kubekho, ukunyuka kwexesha elide lokuswakama kufutshane neengcambu zentsimi ayiyi kuzisa. Ukufumana izivuno ezilungileyo, kukho iindwangu ezisixhenxe zokuthambisa ngexesha lehlobo. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uhambe nabo kunye ne-weeding esilandelayo ngokukhutshwa komthetho.
Ukukhula kwe-asparagus ekugqokeni kwekhaya
Ngaphandle kochumiso olufanelekileyo, ulimo lwangoku alucingeki. Kwi-asparagus ende yexesha elide lokukhula kunye nokunyamekela emhlabathini ovulekile, kufuneka uhlaziye ixesha lokutya okufike ngexesha. Inkqubo yokuqala kufuneka iyenze ngelixa uhlwayelwa izityalo, ezi zinto zilandelayo zigcinwe emhlabathini ngexesha lokukhula.
Imigangatho yokugqoka phezulu kwe-asparagus:
- Xa utyala entwasahlobo, unokwenza isichumisi se-organic (humus) ngesantya se-10 kg / m².
- Kwiinyanga zindla, xa i-asparagus ityalwe kwi-1 m 2 yomhlaba, ukuya kwi-60 g ye-superphosphate, i-30 g ye-sulfate ye-potassium, i-10 g ye-ammonium sulphate inikwa.
- Isisombululo samanzi kunye ne-mullein ehluthayo (1: 5) inondliwa imifuno encinane ngenyanga emva kokutyala.
- Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwempuphu yabantu abadala abakhulayo iifriji zezityalo ziyakwenza i-nitrogen-potassium-phosphorus fertilizer. Isilinganiselo - ukuya kwi-30 g / m 2 yomhlaba.
- Ukuvunwa kwe-Asparagus kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo okanye ekuqaleni kwehlobo, emva kokuvuna izihlahla ezimileyo kufuneka zifakwe nge-superphosphate, ityuwa ye-potassium kunye ne-urea (30 g / m 2 ). Le mi sebenzi isinceda ukubuyisela amandla.
- NgoJulayi, i-asparagus iqhubeka ikhula kwaye idinga izondlo, inceda ukutyalwa kweentlanzi zeentaka (dildo) (1:10).
- Isicelo sokugqibela sesichumiso senziwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwemozulu ebanda ngo-Oktobha. I-nitrojeni yokunika i-asparagus ekwindla ayikwazi, i-phosphorus eyaneleyo kunye ne-potassium (30 g / m 2 superphosphate kunye ne-potassium sulfate).
- Ekupheleni konyaka, sisusa amahlumela endala e-asparagusi ekwindla, kwiindawo ezibandayo senza indawo yokukhusela yamatye nge-peat. Unako ukuthulula umgca womhlaba ngaphezulu kwezityalo kunye nobukhulu be-5 cm ukukhusela ukuqhwa.
Ukulima kwama-asparagus - izifo kunye neentlanzi
Isifo esiyingozi se-asparagus yiboya obomvu obangelwa yi-fungus i-Helicobasidium purpureum. Xa kunesilonda esikhulu sesayithi, iifatches zigcinwa kwiibhedi, ngenxa yokufa kwezi zitho ezingasentla ezingenasibindi. I-Asparagus - isityalo esinganyangekanga, izityalo ezikhulayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemigaqo-siseko yezobuchwepheshe bezolimo kunceda ukulwa nesifo. Ukuthintelwa, amahlathi aphathwa nge "Fundazol" , ukuba iifungus sele isasazeka kwindawo enkulu, kucetyiswa ngakumbi ukubeka isayithi elitsha.
Ngokuqhelekileyo kwisityalo ungayifumana ingxube engabonakaliyo yokutya okuluhlaza. Iziphumo eziphambili zokuhlaselwa kwezilwanyana ezibangelwa yi-disest results result in loss of yield or death of young bushes. I-Larvae ye-asparagus ibangele ibangele umonakalo kumahlumela. Ngezinambuzane ezinobungozi (i-asparagus leaf beetle, i-asparagus ntlint) zilwa ngokutshiza izityalo kunye ne-insecticide "Fufanon" okanye "Fitoverm" .