I-Dysarthria kubantwana kukuphulwa kakubi kwemisebenzi yokuthetha ebangelwa ngumonakalo owenziwe kwinkqubo yesantya ephakathi. Impawu yengqondo yabantwana abane-dysarthria zinjalo, ngenxa yokungazi kakuhle kwabo kunye nokunyaniseka kweengcamango zabo, bazama ukuthetha njengento encinci ukwenzela ukuba bangabangela ukugculela kwiontanga zabo, kwaye ekugqibeleni bahoxiswe kwaye bangabandakanyeki.
Impawu eziphambili ze-dysarthria
- ukuphulwa kwegama, ezinye izandi zitshintshwa ngabanye, izibongo ziphosakele, izinga lokutshintsha inkulumo, umthamo wezwi utshintsha. Kwiimeko ezinzima, ukukhubazeka okupheleleyo kwezihlunu zezwi kuyabonwa;
- ubunzima ngokugwinya - umntwana "popershivaetsya" ukutya;
- ubuthathaka kunye nokukhubazeka kwemisipha yobuso - umlomo ovulekileyo, u-salivation obangeleyo, ukungakwazi ukugxotha ulwimi. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho ukurhoxiswa kwexantathu ye-nasolabial;
- ukuphulwa kwezakhono ezinkulu kunye nezincinci zamandla, umzekelo, umntwana uhlangabezana nobunzima ngokugxuma emlenzeni owodwa, akanakukuqonda loo ncwadi;
- Abantwana abane-dysarthria abanakukwazi ukuthetha ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa banokuqonda izandi - kunzima ukuzibiza bona, njengokuba kukho intetho, bathatyathwa ngabanye. Oku kubandakanya iingxaki zokufunda kunye nokungakwazi ukuqonda ikharityhulam yezinga eliqhelekileyo.
Iimbangela ze-dysarthria
I-Dysarthria kubantwana ivela ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa kwezakhiwo ezithile zeengqondo ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye esemncinci. Isizathu sokutshatyalaliswa sisenokuthi:
- u-hypoxia we-fetus ngenxa yokungakwazi ukubeka amanzi;
- izifo zengqondo;
- ukutshaya ngexesha lokukhulelwa;
- Ulwaphulo lweRhesus;
- Usulelo lwengqondo ngexesha lokuqala.
Iifom zeDysarthria
- I-barbar dysarthria ihamba kunye nokukhubazeka kwe-pharyngeal, izwi, imisipha yomzimba. Intetho kubantwana abancinci, "kwimpumlo," ibonakaliso ebusweni ayibonakaliswa kakuhle. Le fomu yesifo ivela kwiimvumi zengqondo.
- I-dysarthria engabonakaliyo ibonakala kwi-tone ye-muscle kunye nokubonakala kweentshukumo ezingenakukwazi ukulawula. Ngalolu hlobo lwe-dysarthria umntwana angakwazi ukuchaza ngokuthe ngqo imigaqo epheleleyo, ngakumbi xa ezolile. Ukugqithisa isantya sokuthetha, umntwana akakwazi ukulawula ivolumu kunye nesigxina sezwi, ngamanye amaxesha angamemeza ngamagama athile.
- I-cerebellar dysarthria ngokwayo ayifumaneki. Ngokuqhelekileyo - ukongeza kwezinye iifom. Kubonakala ngathi "kuhlabelela" - inqabileyo, intetho ekhuseleyo, ehamba kunye nokumemeza.
- I-cortical dysarthria ibangela ukuba kunzima umntwana ukuba akhuphe izandi kunye kunye-ngamazwi nakwiibinzana, ngamnye uyaphumelela kakuhle.
- Ukucima i-dysarthria kubantwana kuthathwa njengeyona ndlela elula. Iimpawu ze-dysarthria ezicacileyo azibonakali nje kwiimeko ezichazwe ngasentla, ngoko kuyafumaneka kuphela emva koviwo olulodwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubakho ngenxa ye-toxicosis eqatha, izifo ezithathelwanayo zikamama ngethuba lokukhulelwa, i-asphyxia, i-traumatic birth.
- I-pseudobulbar dysarthria yindlela eqhelekileyo yesifo. I-symptomatology yayo ibonakaliswe ekunciphiseni izinga lokuthetha, ubunzima bokuthetha. Kwinqanaba elincinci le-pseudobulbar dysarthria, kuvela imingcele
ukuhamba kwemisipha yomzimba kunye nolwimi kunye nokungahambi kakuhle kwezixhobo zokuthetha.
Unyango lwe-dysarthria kubantwana
Xa ukhethwe unyango lwe-dysarthria, ukukhathazeka kwabazali kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba ngaphezu kwonyango kunye neeseshoni kunye neengcali zentetho, iiklasi eziqhelekileyo ekhaya ziya kufuneka. Ikhosi epheleleyo yokunyanga ihlala malunga neenyanga ezi-4-5, okokuqala kuqhutyelwa esibhedlele, kwaye emva kokuphuma kwesifo.
Kwi-arsenal yeendlela zokungabikho kweziyobisi zamachiza okusebenzisa i-dysarthria logopedic, i-gymnastics yokuphefumula uStrelnikova. Umsebenzi oyintloko wale ndlela kukuba uphuhliso lwezandi zomlomo nezomlomo.
Ekhaya, kunconywa ukuba wenze oko kubizwa ngokuthi "amnandi" gymnastics. Ingundoqo yinto yokuba i-candy ye-sugary ishintshaniswa enye okanye enye ikona yomlomo kunye nemilomo, kwaye umntwana kufuneka ahlekise umyalezo omnandi ngolwimi lwakhe.