Izimpawu zabanye abantu ziyamangalisa, ngakumbi ukuba zijoliswe kwiingozi zabo. Kwizinto ezinjalo zokuziphatha kunokwenzeka ukuba zithwale ixhoba - isethi yeempahla zomntu othabathekileyo ukuba abe lixhoba lolwaphulo-mthetho kunye neengozi. Le ngcamango ithathwa njengengqondo nakwi-criminology.
Yintoni ukuxhatshazwa?
Ukuxhatshazwa ngumsebenzi wendlela yokuziphatha komntu, ekhangela ngokungathandabuzeki inkohlakalo evela kwabanye abantu. Igama elivela kwisiLatini elithi "victima" - ixhoba. Eli gama lisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwi-victimology yaseRussia-intsimi yezobulo-mthetho, eqhuba izifundo zokuba lixhoba lolwaphulo-mthetho. Enye yeenkcazo zokuqala zeli qalo yipropati yokwenza ixhoba, kodwa umntu unokuyithatha njengento yokugula. Ukunyaniseka kunye nokuziphatha kwabangamaxhoba kubonakala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobomi. Kodwa ekujuleni kwenkohlakalo kuthethwa ngobudlelwane beentsapho.
Ukuxhatshazwa kwengqondo
Iqhosha lexhoba lisemgangathweni yezobugcisa bezomthetho nezentlalo . Ngokomthetho wokugqibela, ukuziphatha kwexhoba kukuphambuka ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezinjenge:
- kubeka phambili;
- imeko zangaphandle;
- mpe mbelelo yoluntu.
Amaxhoba athatyathwa kakhulu ngabaselula. Umntu okhulileyo kaninzi kunokuba abantu abadala baxhamla kwiimeko ezimbi, iziganeko, abantu, kwaye kungekhona kuphela. Ukwenza umonakalo akufuneki ukuba ube ngumnye umntu, ingaba isilwanyana sasendle, isici, imbambano exhobileyo. Le ngxaki ingenye yeyona nto ingxamisekileyo kwiengqondo zanamhlanje kwaye ayifumananga isisombululo.
Izizathu zokuxhatshazwa
Intuitively, umntu uzama ukungabonakali ubuthathaka bakhe phambi kobutshaba, ukuphepha iingxaki kunye neemeko eziyingozi. Ukuba oku kungenzeki, ukuziphatha kwexhoba lexhoba kubonakala. Yintoni eyenza ukuba izenzo zomntu, ikhomishini azisizisela yona ingxaki? Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zabantu abenza ubundlobongela ngokwabo:
- Ngaphantsi-ngaphantsi . Oko kukuthi, ixhoba lizalisekisa iimfuno zomhlaseli, kodwa ngaba lithemba, okanye lingazichazi kakuhle amagama kunye nemiyalelo. Abantu abanjalo baninzi (40%) yenani labantu labantu abane-syndrome echazwe.
- Ukutshutshisa . Ngaphandle kokwazi oku, ixhoba elinokuthi lenze konke ukukholisa umchasi ukuba unobundlobongela: uziphatha ngokungcolileyo, ngokungqiniswanga, njl.
- Uhlobo olungakhawulezileyo . Ukutshintshela kokubili iintlobo zokuziphatha, ukungahambelani kwizigqibo kunye nezenzo zabo, ukubonakaliswa kokungafanelekanga okanye ukungaqondi.
Ukuzithemba ngokwaneleyo , ukuxhalaba, ukungazinzi kwemizwa kwenza umntu abe ngowengozini yokulimala. Iimbangela zokuziphatha kwexhoba zivame ukufihlalwa kwiintsapho zobudlelwane. Okufunekayo ukuba kuvele ukubonakala kwazo zizinto ezinjengoku:
- udlame;
- syndrome yexhoba kunye nabazali;
- indawo engalungileyo apho umntu (intsapho engasebenziyo, engaphelelanga) akhule;
- kuba kwezinye iindibano ezingafaniyo.
Iimpawu zobuxhoba
Kwiimeko apho i-psychology yexhoba ibonakalisa khona, ukuziphatha kwexhoba kubonakaliswe kwizenzo ezisemthethweni nezingekho mthethweni ezingenakuchaphazela ukuthunyelwa kolwaphulo-mthetho naluphi na uhlobo, kodwa lunokudlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ulwaphulo-mthetho lubonakalisa ngezindlela ezahlukeneyo: lubonakaliswa ukungazinzi ngokomzwelo, ukulangazelela ukuthotyelwa, ubunzima bokunxibelelana, ukuphazamisa ukuqonda kweemvakalelo zakho, njl njl. Ukuba abantu bathambekele ekusebenziseni ngokungalunganga kwixesha elisongela ubomi, banokungena enkingeni. Ubunikazi bomntu ochazwe ngumntu ochazwe ngumntu ongu-
- thobela;
- ukusikisela, ukunyaniseka;
- ukunyamekela nokunyaniseka;
- ukungakwazi ukuzinzela wena.
Ukuziphatha kwabaxhatshazo kunye nobutshaba
Kwiintsebenziswano, isisulu-mthetho esisisigxina kwiimeko zokunyanzelisa ubundlobongela yiyiphutha labantu abasebenzisanayo, kwaye kungekhona iimeko ezingahambi kakuhle. Umntu wendima indima enkulu. Abanye abantu basengozini kakhulu, abanye bangaphantsi, kodwa kuninzi lwazo zolwaphulo-mthetho, izenzo zentwaba ziba yintlungu yokubandezela. Yintoni enokuyenza "engalunganga"? Zihlambulule, ungene enkathazweni okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, ungenangqondo, ungakhathazeki. Kule meko, i-psychology yokuziphatha kwabangamaxhoba injalo ukuba ixhoba elinokuthi lixhotyiswe kulwaphulo nogonyamelo.
Uxhoba kunye nobuntu kunye nobugcisa
Wonke amaxhoba akazinzi. Iingxaki zivela kwiimeko zengqondo kunye nezentlalo (kunye, mhlawumbi, izibonelelo) zomntu. Kodwa i-victim syndrome ibonakalisa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Iingcali zakwaRashiya zihlukanisa iinkalo ezine zeentlobo zayo, ezenziwa ngobomi bokwenene zingabonakaliswa kwelinye:
- Ukuchithwa kwe-Victimogenic kubangelwa ukulungelelaniswa koluntu olubi. Ukubonakaliswa kwimpikiswano eyongeziweyo, ukungazinzi, ukungakwazi ukucinga okungacacanga.
- Udlala okanye udlala indima . Iimpawu zendima yomntu kuluntu, ukwandisa umngcipheko wokudibanisa ebomini kunye nempilo ngenxa yesimo sakhe.
- I-pathological , xa i-syndrome iba ngumphumo wesimo esibuhlungu somntu.
- Ubudala - amanye amaqela abantu abemi, ngenxa yobudala babo okanye ubukho bokukhubazeka, abonakaliswa ngukuhluthwa.
Ubundlobongela obusenyongweni kwintsapho
Zonke iimpazamo zibekwa ebuntwaneni, kwaye umzekelo womenzi wesiphene kunye nexhoba uqala ukwakha kwintsapho. Ubundlobongela basekhaya bubunomzimba, wesondo, wengqondo kunye noqoqosho kwaye luqhutyelwa ngongongelo kunye nokucalulwa . Iimeko azikho. Ukuxhatshazwa kwabasetyhini kuvelisa ubugwenxa bamadoda (kunye nenye indlela). Iindlela zokulawula kunye negunya abayeni abasebenzisayo banciphisa isondo esibuthakathaka inkululeko, amathuba okuzimelela, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kwimpilo. Kwaye oku kushiya umqondiso walo kwingqondo yengqondo yabantwana.
Indlela yokulahla ukuxhatshazwa?
Ukususela kwingcamango yengqondo, ukuxhatshazwa kukuphambuka kwimiqathango, kwaye inokuphathwa. Akukho nkunkuma ethile ye-disorder, kwaye indlela iya kuxhomekeka kwizizathu zokuvela kwayo. Ukuziphatha koxanduva kungaqedwa ngeendlela ezimbini:
- Amachiza (ama-sedatives, ama-tranquilizers, ama-anti-depressants, njl.).
- Ngoncedo lwe-psychotherapy. Ukulungiswa kwenziwa ngokulungisa ukuziphatha okanye iimvakalelo, ukufunda ukuzithiba kunye nezinye iindlela.
Ukuxhomekeka komntu ukuba angene kwiimeko ezingathandekiyo akusoloko iphoso lakhe. Kwaye ngoko ke, loo nto ayifanelekanga isigxina (umzekelo, umdlwenguli okanye umbulali) kwaye akayi kutshintsha ityala lakhe kwixhoba. Ukuba ingxaki inxaxheba kwizenzo nangezenzo, kufuneka ufunde indlela yokuzilawula. Xa ufumene ukuziphatha okungalunganga, kukho ithuba lokululungisa, ukuze ungenzi ubuwula kwaye ungayifumani ingxaki ukususela ekuqaleni.