Ingxaki ngemibala yombono ayinakuhlala ifunyaniswa ngexesha, ehlaziya kakhulu umgangatho wobomi. Uvavanyo lobumfama obunemibala luyakwazi ukufumana esi sifo esifutshane ngaphandle kweendlela ezikhethekileyo ze-ophthalmologic. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeli nkqubo.
Ziziphi iimvavanyo zobuphofu bombala kunye nombala wokubona?
Ezi ntlobo zengqondo engafanelekanga ziyaziwa:
- protoanopia (ukuphazamiseka nombono wemibala ebomvu);
- i-deuteranopia (ukuphazamiseka ngombono wokujonga umbala).
Ukongezelela, kukho umbala ongabonakaliyo, apho abantu bebona imbali ejikelezayo kwimbala emnyama nemhlophe - i-monochromasia.
Umbono oqhelekileyo wee-shades ubizwa ngokuba yi-trichromasia.
Ingundoqo yolu vavanyo lweemviwo zobume bobuphofu kwi-oculist iquka ukujonga umntu oneemakhadi eneemifanekiso ezinemibala encane. Benza amanani ejometri kunye namanani ngendlela yokuba abantu abanemibala ebonakalayo bayibona, kwaye izigulane ezinokukhubazeka okanye akunakwenza oku okanye zigcine ezinye iimifanekiso.
Uvavanyo lukaRubkin lobumfama obumbala
Uphononongo olukulo mbuzo luquka ukujonga amakhadi angama-23. Kulowo nalowo kubo ubelwe imizuzwana ye-9-10 yexesha. Kubalulekile ukuba isiganeko senziwa ngokukhanya kakuhle. Umfanekiso kufuneka ube kwinqanaba elifanayo njengamehlo omguli. Imifanekiso kufuneka ibonwe ukusuka kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla, ukusuka phezulu ukuya phezulu.
Kwikhadi lokuqala - inombolo 69, okwesibini - isikwere kunye nonxantathu. Ziyakubonwa ngabantu abaneempawu eziqhelekileyo zombala, kunye nembala-imfama. Ezi mifanekiso zenzelwe ukubonisa umxholo wokuvavanya ukucacisa umbala ongaboniyo uze uqaphele ukulinganisa.
Emva koko, cinga ngamakhadi kwakhona, inombolo yokuqala okanye isibonakaliso esibonakalayo kwi-trichromant:
- 3 - isiqendu 9. Nge-protoanopia ne-de Deuteronomy, inombolo 5 ibonakala.
- 4 - unxantathu. Ngokungaboni kwindawo ebomvu kunye ebomvu yembambano kukho isangqa.
- 5 - inombolo ye-13 kunye ne-deuteranopia kunye neprotoopia-6.
- 6 - isangqa kunye nonxantathu. Umbala ongaboniyo awuboni nantoni ekhadini.
- 7 - sonke sinokubona inombolo 9.
- 8 - inombolo 5. Ingabonwa kunye nabantu abaneengxaki zombala, kodwa oku kunikwa ubunzima, kuthatha ixesha elide ukuba lijonge ngokukhawuleza.
- 9 - umfanekiso 9 (kubonakala kwizigulane ezine-deuteranopia). Ngeprotoanopia - 6 okanye 8.
- 10 yinombolo 136. I-Daltonics igcina i-66, 69 okanye i-68.
- 11 - umfanekiso 14, ubonakala kubo bonke.
- 12 - inombolo ye-12, kuphela i-deuteranopam kunye ne-trichromantum iyahlukana. Iproto-Nopes ayikwazi ukubona nantoni na.
- 13 - unxantathu nesangqa. Xa ukuphulwa kunye nombono wendawo eluhlaza kubonakala kuphela kubalo lokuqala, obomvu - okwesibini.
- 14 - kwinqanaba eliphezulu elingama-30. I-proto-ops yabona i-10, nangezantsi-6. I-Deuteranopes ukwahlula omnye phezulu kunye no-6 kwindawo engezantsi.
- 15 - isangqa kunye nentantathu (ukusuka phezulu). Ukungabikho kwembono ebomvu ivumela ukuba ubone iinqantathu ezibini phezulu kunye nekwere ukusuka ngaphantsi, eziluhlaza - enye inxantathu kunye nekwere.
- 16 - umfanekiso 96. Ngeprotoanopia, kuphela i-9 kuphela ebonakalayo, deuteronopia - 6.
- 17 - isangqa kunye nonxantathu. Utshintsho ekubonakaliseni kwenxalenye ebomvu yembonakaliso kubonelela ukubonakala koxantathu, kunye nolunye oluhlaza-kuphela isangqa.
- Izikwere ezili-18 - ezingqamlezileyo emthunzini owodwa, ezixubileyo. I-Deiteranopes ibona imiqolo engama-1, 2, 4, 6, 8, ne-8, ne-all-horizontal ibonakala ngathi i-multi-toned. Iiprotanop iqonda imiqolo engama-3, emi-5 neye-7 kumbala owodwa, kunye nemigca egciniweyo yezikwere.
- 19 - inamba 25. Umbala ongaboniyo ubone kuphela 5.
- 20 - isangqa kunye nonxantathu. Izigulane ezingaboniyo aziboneli nto.
- 21 yile mifanekiso 96, ibonakala nakwiproto-opam. I-Deiteranopes ayiboni 9.
- 22 - inombolo 5. Kunzima ukuba amaDaltons aqonde umfanekiso okanye ayinakwenzeka.
- 23 - kwimigca ejikelezayo kukho izikwere ezinemibala eyahlukileyo, kunye nemigca emileyo - umthunzi ofanayo. Izigulane ezinemibala engaboniyo ziqonda ikhadi ngokulandelanayo.
Uvavanyo lukaRubkin lobumfama obunemibala ngamanye amaxesha lubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lukaRybkin (ngokuphambuka), kubalulekile ukuba ungadideki kunye neetafile zikaIshihara okanye uIshihara. Bajonge ngamakhadi kaRubkin, kodwa endaweni yamanani ejometri, i-ophthalmologist yaseJapan isebenzisa imigca eqhubekayo ephilileyo.