Urolithiasis ibonakaliswe ngokubunjwa kwamatye (izithako) kwiimpawu zenkqubo yokucoca. Elinye igama le-pathology yi-urolithiasis. Ngokwezibalo, esi sifo sixhaphakile kangangokuthi sichaphazela kwizinga elinye okanye omnye umntu omdala wesihlanu.
Urolithiasis - izizathu
Iimpawu ezinjengezakhiwo eziqinileyo ezintsheni, i-ureter, okanye i-vestile ziqala ukubonakala kubantu abaneminyaka engama-20-45 ubudala, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha - nasebuncinaneni. Indlela yokubunjwa kwabo ihlukeneyo, ngoko kunzima ukukrazula nayiphi na into eyenzayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izimbangela ze-urolithiasis zidibaniswa nokuphulwa kweenkqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni, malunga nokubunjwa kwamaphecana okucoca ngamakhemikhali.
Izinto zokukhutshwa kwezi zifo zilandelayo:
- ukuzalwa;
- Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi equkethe inani elikhulu lamaminerali athile;
- irejimen yokunwa;
- yokuphila;
- izifo ezithintekayo nezivuzayo zephepha lomchamo;
- izifo ezingapheliyo zesistim sokutya;
- ukuxhaphaka kokutya okunamandla, okune-acidic, okunesonka ekudleni;
- Ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kweemveliso ezithile (iimveliso, inyama, iimveliso zobisi, i-tea eqinile, njl.);
- ukungazalanga okanye ukufumana ukungaqhelekanga kweentso, izigulana (izithintelo, izitya ezongezelelweyo);
- izifo zesisombululo (i- gout , hyperparathyroidism );
- ukuthatha imithi ethile, njl
Urolithiasis - iintlobo zamatye
I-urolithiasis inokuthi ifunyaniswe ngamatye angatshatanga okanye amaninzi, anesayizi ehlukileyo - ukusuka kwi-1 mm ukuya kwi-10 cm okanye ngaphezulu. Ekubeni kwamatye amancinci amaninzi ahambayo abizwa ngokuba yihlabathi. Ngokwefomu, amatye e-urinary angaba yincithakalo, ijikelezwe, eneemida ezibukhali kunye nezihluma. Ikhonkco ibizwa ngokuba yi-coral, ukuba ikhona kwizintso kwaye ihlala phantse yonke indawo yayo, eyenza "isikhunta" se-calyx-pelvis system.
Amatye ayi-crystals of salts urinary, eboshwe ngeeprotheni ezahlukeneyo. Abaninzi babo banokusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali, kodwa kaninzi balawulwa ngamacandelo athile. Urolithiasis (urolithiasis) kwisakhiwo samakhemikhali se-concrements ihlukaniswe ziintlobo ezilandelayo:
- i-oxalate;
- urate;
- phosphate;
- ngokukhawuleza.
Oxalate Urolithiasis
Ukwahlula amatye kwi-urrolithiasis kubalulekile ngenjongo yokonyango olufanelekileyo. Kwizigulane ezininzi (malunga nama-70%) ama-oxalate formations aquka i-calcium oxalate kunye ne-oxalate ammonium salts. Iimpawu zabo ziphezulu, ubunqabileyo obuphantsi, ubuso bomhlaba. Xa uhamba, amatye anjalo akhathaza ngokukhawuleza izicubu ezinamaqabunga e-urinary system, kwaye igalelo legazi lisiza kubangcolisa kumnyama omnyama, umbala omnyama.
Esinye sezizathu zokubunjwa kwelo hlobo luhlobo lokutya apho i-ascorbic acid, i-oxalic acid ekhoyo ngokubanzi, kukho ukusilela kwe-magnesium ne-vitamin B6. Ukongezelela, bacatshukiswa ngokubonakala kwezifo ezivuzayo zezintso, ukusebenza kwindlela yokuxhamla isisu, ukungasebenzi kwe-endocrine.
Phosphate urolithiasis
Ukuchaza ukuba yeyiphi na amatye xa kwenzeka i-urolithiasis, iingcali ziqaphele ukuba amatye e-phosphate aqhelekileyo, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi-kubafazi. Ziqukethe i-phosphoric acid kunye netyuwa ye-calcium kwaye ithambileyo, i-formous portions of a gray or white hue. Amatye anjalo anokukhula ngokukhawuleza, ehlala kuyo yonke indawo, ukwakha izakhiwo zekorale.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, iinkqubo ezithathelwanayo kwi-urinary system, ezikhokelela ekuveliseni i-alkalinization ye-urine, ibe yindawo yokuqala yokuphuhliswa kwama-phosphates. Esinye isizathu esiqhelekileyo kukuba u-hyperfunction of the glands of parathyroid, ekhokelela ekuphazamiseni i-phosphate metabolism. Iindlela zokutya zidlala indima, apho i-tea eqinile kunye nekhofi ezinamandla zigqitywa, i-vitamin A, E, i-D iyabonakala.
Struvitous urolithiasis
Amatye angama-struvitic kwi-urolithiasis afunyaniswa kwi-15% yezigulane. La matye aneentlobo ezithambileyo, zinokukhula ngokukhawuleza. Ngokubunjwa, la ma-compounds yi-ammonium kunye ne-magnesium phosphate, kunye ne-carbonate apatite. I-predisposing factor to their appearance isifo se-urrogenital tract, i-agent engabangela ukuba ibhaktheriya e-urea ifakwe nge-enzymatically. Ama-Pathogens atholakala ngamatye ngokwawo.
Ngokukhawuleza, ukubunjwa kwee-struvite concrements kuququzelelwe ukuhamba okuphantsi, ukugqitywa kokuphela kwe-vestile, kubangele ukuqhuma kwe-urine. Kwiqela elijongene nobungozi - izigulane ezineesifo seswekile kunye nesenzakaliswa yendawo ye-pelvic ngokunyanzeliswa kwexesha elide. Isixhobo sokutya singasebenza njengento eninzi yokutya kwiprotheni ekudleni (ikakhulu inyama).
Urartic urolithiasis
Phantse kwisithathu sezigulane ezine-urolithiasis zenza amatye e-urate - amatye anombala obomvu okanye obomnatye onezakhiwo ezilukhuni kunye nomhlaba ogqithiseleyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwamakhemikhali ngamasiriya e-uric acid. Ezi zifundo zingabuthelela ezintsheni, kwi-bladder, kwiibas.
Kubasetyhini, le fomu yerolrolasis ifunyanwe ngokuthe ngcipheko, mhlawumbi ngenxa yezinye zezizathu zayo ezibalulekileyo - ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kokutya okucebileyo kwi-purines. Ezi zinto zitholakala ngobuninzi bemfuyo yezilwanyana ezincinci, ezinqeni, ezibandayo, izityalo, njl. Ukongeza, eso sifo singakhiwa ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwesifo somzimba ngokunyuka okuphawulekayo kwi-concentration ye-uric acid emzimbeni.
Urolithiasis - iimpawu
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-urolithiasis zi:
- intlungu yenkqantosi kwingingqi ye-lumbar (ngakwesinye icala, kumacala omabini) okanye kwindawo yokuhluma ye-character character and blunt, drawing character;
- ukukhawuleza ukuba ugonywe ;
- intlungu, ukuvutha komsindo xa uchama;
- umchamo obonakalayo, ukubonakala kwegazi kuyo;
- ukuvuvukala ubuso, izitho.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-pathology ixesha elide alizibonakalisi, kwaye iimpawu ze-urolithiasis ngokokuqala ngangoko ziyakwazi ukuzibonakalisa kwi -coal renal , xa ilitye lingena kwi-ureter kwaye libangela ukuba livale. Kule meko, iimpawu ezilandelayo zivela:
- ubukeka obubukhali beentlungu ezidityanisiweyo kwiinkalo ze-lumbar;
- ukuvela kwesithandwa rhoqo sokungena, emva koko i-anuria ingabonwa;
- ukwanda kweqondo lomzimba;
- ukuphosa;
- isicefe
- ukuthunga okubandayo;
- blanching, njl
Urolithiasis - ukuxilongwa
I-urolithiasis inokumiselwa yi-ultrasound yeentso, i-bladder kunye ne-tubin urine. Idatha yegraphic tomography kunye ne-radiocontrast diagnostics yenza ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuchaneka ngokucacileyo ukuma, ubungakanani kunye nobuninzi bamatye, ukuphanda ukuhamba komchamo, ukuchonga ukukhutshwa kwamanqatha okuvuthwa. Ukuba urolithiasis u krokrelwa, urinalysis kunye nokuhlolwa kwegazi kuza kunceda ukuseka ubunjani beengxaki zokuxilonga kunye nokubonakalisa izinto ezenziwe ngamatye.
Urolithiasis - unyango
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokugulisa izigulane ngamatye kwindlela yokucoca, ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo yendawo yamatye, ukubunjwa kwawo, ubukhulu, ukubonakaliswa kwezonyango zesifo, isantya sokungasebenzi kakuhle, kunye nokunye. Ukongezelela ekususeni iifomati ezivela emzimbeni, ukulungiswa kweengxaki ezibonakalisiweyo ezibonakalayo, eziyimfuneko yecala, iyadingeka.
Unyango lwe-urolithiasis ngamatye amancinci ngokuqhelekileyo uyenziwa ngendlela yonyango kunye nokutya okunyanzelekileyo. Kwimimiselo ephakathi kunye neyona enkulu, kukho isidingo malunga nokuqhekeka kwabo (lithotripsy) okanye ukususwa ngokukhawuleza. Faka izicelo ezi zilandelayo zingenangxamnye iintlobo zokuchithwa kwamatye:
- I-lithotripsy ezikude-ukutsala ngamatye ngokusebenzisa i-apparatus-generator yamashishini aphazamisayo, anikezelwa ngaphandle, alandelwa yendalo yangaphandle kunye nomlambo wamanje.
- I-lithotripsy yoqhagamshelwano yinkqubo eyenziwa ngokufaka i-endoscope ibe yintlambo, i-ureter okanye i-pelal pelvis, apho i-waves ultrasonic, i-pneumatic impulses okanye i-laser radiation isetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa amatye ngokukhutshwa ngokugqithiseleyo okanye ukusebenzisa i-endoscopic loops kunye ne-forceps.
Urolithiasis - unyango (iziyobisi)
Ukunciphisa intlungu ngexesha lokuxhatshazwa, iziyobisi ezingekho-steroidal ezichasayo (Diclofenac, Indomethacin ) kunye ne-spasmolytics ( Akukho-shpa , i-Atropine, i-Nifedipine) imiselwe. I-Spasmolytics iyimfuneko ukunciphisa ithoni ye-musculature yamaphepheni kwaye uququzelele ukususwa kwamatye amancinci. Ukongezelela, kukho izicwangciso ezininzi zokulungiselela izityalo ezine-antitispasmodic kunye ne-anti-inflammatory effects (Kanefron, Cystenal, Olimetin).
Amachiza e-urolithiasis, anefuthe lokuphuka kwamatye ngokutshintsha i-acidity yomchamo, angasetyenziselwa phantse zonke iindidi zamatye, ngaphandle kwe-struvite. Kule nto, izidakamizwa zilandelayo zinganconywa:
- kunye ne-oxalate urolithiasis - i-Piroxidine, i-Thiamin kunye ne-Asparcum, i-Magnesium oxide;
- kumatye e-phosphate - i-aluminium hydroxide, i-tsiston;
- kunye nemigqaliselo ye-urate - Blemaren, Soluran, Magurlit, Allopurinol.
Ukuba i-urolithiasis ihambelana nokubunjwa kwamatye amacembe, unyango lwe-antibacterial luboniswa, apho imithi enjengale:
- Cefepime;
- Ofloxacin;
- Meropenem nabanye.
Urolithiasis - unyango kunye nezilwanyana zomntu
Indlela yokuphatha urolithiasis, iyeza lomntu lwazi kakhulu. Kule meko, ayikho enye indlela ayikwazi ukusetyenziswa ngokuzimela, ngaphandle kwesivumelwano kunye nogqirha, tk. kunokuba yingozi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kusetyenziswe amalungiselelo ahlukeneyo emfuyo, uhlobo olukhethiweyo ngokuxhomekeka kwimizi yamakhemikhali, ubungakanani kunye nendawo yamatye. Ukubunjwa kweemali zonyango kungaquka ezi zityalo ezilandelayo:
- izitho zengqolowa;
- ingcambu ye burdock;
- ephakanyisiweyo;
- i-violet embala omithathu;
- izimpande zedandelion;
- amagqabi amadiliya;
- amaqabunga,
Ukutya kunye ne-urolithiasis
Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweendlela zokuvuthwa kwamanzi kunye nokuphazamiseka kwezidumbu, ugqirha ubeka isondlo se-urolithiasis. Ngokubanzi, ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokugula, ukutya kunye ne-urolithiasis kunika:
- ukwandiswa kokungena kwamanzi (ubuncinane ubuncinane ii-2 ilitha ngosuku);
- ukunciphisa umthamo wezabelo;
- ukwanda kwondlo olucebileyo kwi-fiber;
- isithintelo setyuwa, iziqholo;
- umda wokusetyenziswa kokutya neziphuzo kunye neepropati ezenziwe ngamatye (iprotheni yezilwanyana, purines, oxalic acid, njl).
Ukusebenza nge-urolithiasis
Ukuba i-corneal urolithiasis okanye i-concrements ezinkulu zifunyenwe, kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa i-lithotripsy-stone crush-stones nge-ultrasound, esondliwa ngokugqitywa kwesikhumba kunye ne-endoscope efakwe. Kwezinye iimeko, umntu akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa - ngokungabikho kwexesha elide lomphumo wonyango olulondolozayo, ukuphazamiseka okungapheliyo kwindlela yokuvuthwa, ukunyuka okukhulu, njl.
- i-proyelolithotomy;
- nephrolithotomy;
- ureterolithotomy.
Ukuthintela urolithiasis
Zokubambisana nokuphambili kwinqanaba le-urolithiasis ziquka ezi zilandelayo ngcebiso:
- ulawulo olufanelekileyo lokusela;
- ukutya okunomsoco okuninzi;
- ukugatya imikhwa emibi;
- ukwenziwa komzimba;
- unyango lwezifo;
- iimviwo zonyango rhoqo.