Ebomini kwanoma yimuphi umntu, imeko iyakwenzeka xa ehlala yedwa kunye nobunzima bakhe, obonakala bengenakuze balinganiseki, ngeli xesha ingqondo ingaboni indlela yokuphuma kwimeko. Ifowuni yenkonzo yokuthembela ngamanye amaxesha inokuphela kwimeko enika ithemba lokuba yonke into iya kwenziwa.
Iyintoni umnxeba woncedo?
Uncedo loncedo lunye luncedo lweenkonzo zentlalo ebalulekileyo kubemi, ukunika inkxaso ngenkxaso yengqondo, kwaye kuxhomekeke kwingxaki, ingcali inokutshintsha umntu kwingxoxo ngokunyanzeliswa komthetho, ugqirha wezonyango okanye unontlalontle. Kutheni ndifuna uncedo loncedo? Amava kawonkewonke abonisa ukuba akusoloko esondele kumntu ngabantu abasondeleyo, ngamanye amaxesha umntu uhlala wedwa ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi, kwaye imeko eyenziwe nayo ingasongela ukuba khona kwayo.
Umncedisi unembali
Namhlanje, umnxeba uncedo oluphuhliswayo kwaye luphucula ngokuqhubekayo, unikezela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zenkxaso yoluntu. Imvelaphi yale nkonzo ibuyele kuma-50. Ngekhulu lama-XX, xa umbingeleli waseClemenswood Baptist Church eYolford Peter West, kunye nomnye osebenza naye waseLondon, naye ungumfundisi waseChad Vara, waququzelela inkonzo yocingo kubantu abanokuzibulala. Akukho nanye kwabangcwele abalindele ukuba iifowuni zeefowuni, eziza kuwela phezu kwazo, njengengxakatho - kwakukho abantu abaninzi abahluphekayo.
Kwiminyaka elishumi kamva, ngo-1963 eAustralia, uAlan Walker, intloko yenkcazo ephakathi, walungiselela umnxeba obizwa ngokuba yi-Life Line, ekuhambeni kwexesha waba yinkonzo yomhlaba wonke equka amaziko angama-200 kumaziko angama-12. Isiseko senkonzo kubantu yimigaqo yobuKristu, kwaye isi-slogan yi-slogan: "Uncedo lunjengefowuni". Ndiyabulela kwiMida yeMpilo kunye nemibutho efanayo, inkxaso enikwe izigidi zabantu kunye nokuzama ukuzibulala kuye kwathintelwa.
Kulo lonke ihlabathi, i-hotline malunga nexesha libonelela ngoncedo oluphuthumayo kubantu abakwiimeko ezinzima kumazwe ahlukeneyo, igama leenkonzo zefoni linalo igama:
- "Imigca yeengxaki" (USA);
- "Ithemba" (eSpain);
- "Uncedo Lokomoya" (eJamani);
- "Isandla eseluliweyo" (eSwitzerland);
- "Uncedo loncedo" (Russia).
Uluhlu lunikelo loncedo lulawulwa njani?
Nguwuphi uxwebhu olulawula umncedo? Inkonzo yoncedo lwefoni yabemi ilawulwa yimithetho esemthethweni yolawulo yomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kunye nesiRashiya:
- I-UN Convention on Human Rights;
- Umgaqo-siseko weRussia Federation;
- Isibhengezo se-UN malunga namalungelo abantu abanokukhubazeka;
- Isibhengezo seSizwe malunga nokuSinda, ukuKhuselwa kunye nokuPhuhliswa kwabantwana;
- UMthetho we-Federal No. 59-FZ we-02.05.2006 "KwiNkqubo yokuqwalasela izicelo ezivela kubahlali baseRussia Federation";
- I-International Code of Ethics for Psychologists.
Umncedisi usebenza njani?
Kutheni ndifuna umnxeba wefowuni? Abo banayo yonke into ebomini babo bayayiqonda yonke into ngokuzinzileyo kwaye ngokulinganisanga ababuzwa le mibuzo, kodwa abo banobomi obomnyama babangqongqo phantsi phantsi kweenyawo zabo kwaye abanakho ukhetho ngaphandle kokubamba Ukugcinwa kwenkonzo ngokwabo kwinto ekuthethwa ngayo ngenkxaso ngexesha elifanelekileyo, nangona ungowesihambi kwenye indawo ekupheleni kwentambo. Iingcali zikhethwe ngokunyamekileyo, ziya kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuqeqesha, zifunde rhoqo iindlela ezintsha zokucebisa kunye neenkonzo zengxamiseko. Izakhono ezifunekayo zengcali yoncedo:
- ukukwazi ukuphulaphula;
- uvelwano (uvelwano);
- ukukwazi ukubuza imibuzo evulekile.
Ngexesha lomnxeba wencoko yeengcali:
- yenza into engaziwa, phantsi kwegama lokungabonakali, kwaye indawo yendawo yokunxibelelana ngefowuni ikwahlulwa-konke oku kucatshangelwa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi benkonzo;
- ukhumbuza umntu ofake isicelo sokunceda ukuba umnxeba uyimfihlakalo kwaye engaziwa, oku kwandisa izinga lokuthembela;
- ukulungisa okanye ukudibanisa umntu kuloo fonelo yefowuni echaphazelekayo kuye okwangoku;
- isebenza ngezindlela zengqondo ukunciphisa ubugwenxa kubantu abangenalulinganisela nokuzinzisa imvelaphi yengqondo;
- kwiimeko ezinzima, ukucela uncedo.
Umncedisi wokunceda - uncedo lwengqondo
Uncedo loncedo-lwengqondo lunikezelwa ngaphandle kwentlawulo, ngaphandle kweyonke umntu: abadala kunye nabantwana ngokufanayo. Uncedo luhlelelwe ukuba ngexesha lokufowunelwa kwinani elilodwa, ummandla owenziwe kuyo umnxeba uqwalaselwe kwaye uqondiswe kwakhona kwiingcali kwiincedisi zalommandla. Uncedo olungxamisekileyo lwengqondo luya kunikwa ngokukhawuleza, ngoko nayiphi na imeko into ephambili ayiyikuyeka, kwaye uthathe eli thuba. Ngobungqina obukhulu kunye nokuzimisela ukunceda kwaye uya kunyanga umntwana omncinci, kunye nentombazana, kunye nomntu omdala.
Uncedo lwabantwana
Uncedo lweengcebiso-kwengqondo kubantwana, inkonzo isebenze ngokuphumelelayo ukususela ngo-2010. Uncedo lwabantwana nabaselula kwiRussia Federation - 8 800 2000 122 - iingcali zenkonzo zinceda kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Into ebhekwa njengento engathandabuzekiyo, ingozi ecasulayo kumntu omdala, kumntwana unokubonakala enobungozi, eyoyikisayo kwaye engabikho nto, kuba abantwana abanamava amaninzi obomi kwaye abanakukwazi ukujamelana nezinto ezininzi. Ziziphi iingxaki kunye namava okuvakalelwa kukuba abantwana bathetha kwi-hotline:
- ukuxabana nabazali;
- ubudlova basekhaya;
- ukuhlukunyezwa ngokwesondo;
- umntwana wasala yedwa ekhaya kwaye wesaba, esaba ukulala okanye ubumnyama;
- umntwana ubhekene nengxaki abazali abangenakuyithetha ngenxa yokuhlazeka okanye ukwesaba isijeziso.
Umncedisi wezoncedo kubaselula
Ubuntutsha aluyilingo olulula kumntu, akuyena umntwana, kodwa akusiyo umntu omdala, isithwathwa se-hormonal siphumelele ukuqhuma, ukunyanzeliswa okanye ukungaqondi kakuhle kwabanye kunye nokukhula kwengcinezelo kunye nokubhujiswa. Kulo lonke ihlabathi, uncedo olungabonakaliyo luncedo luncede abantu abangaphezu kwewaka abafikayo kunye neengcali ziye zathintela inani elikhulu lokuzibulala. Ziziphi iingxaki isizukulwana esincinane esivame ukujika:
- uthando olungathandabuzekiyo;
- ukungaqondani okanye ukunganakwa kwabazali;
- ubundlobongela ngokomzimba nangokwezesondo esikolweni okanye ekhaya;
- ukusetyenziswa kakubi koontanga ( ukuxhatshazwa );
- iingcinga ngokuzibulala;
- ingxaki yokuthetha kunye noontanga ngenxa yokholo, ukungafihli;
- ukutshatyalaliswa kwangaphambili ngokwesondo kunye nemiphumo eyiphumo, eyoyikisayo ukuxoxa nabazali (izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo, ukukhulelwa okusemandleni).
Uncedo lwabafazi
Abafazi banomonde, nangona ukuthula nokunyamezela kungaba yintlekele ngokwenene, abafazi besicatshulwa kakhulu apha ukuba "abayinyamezeli ilinen ecocekileyo" kwaye "bayabetha, ke bayayithanda". Abafazi abanjalo basenza "baqine ngaphezu kwamanzi, ngaphantsi kwengca". Uncedo lwabasetyhini abaye baphantsi kobundlobongela basekhaya 8 800 7000 600. Ngexesha lobudlobongela, intando yowesifazane ikhutshwe kwaye ingozi yomzimba ihlaselwe. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba umyeni akanakwenzeka ukuphucula, ukubetha kuya kuchaneka.
Ukubiza umnxeba kungenza isinyathelo sokuqala sokuphelisa ugonyamelo, ingcali iza kukuxhasa kwaye ikuxelele indlela yokufaka isicelo kwi-arhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho kunye nento oyifunayo kule nto. Kwababhinqa abafumana kwiimeko ezilukhuni, xa kungekho nendawo yokuphuma kuyo indoda, nangona esenomntwana omncinci okanye ukhulelwe iingcali, kukho uluhlu kunye nenani lemibutho apho amaxhoba obundlobongela aya kunikwa indawo yokukhusela kunye namathuba okufumana.
Uncedo lwezeMpilo lweNkxaso
Umncedisi wezelelo lwempilo-le nkonzo ihluke kakhulu kwinkonzo yengqondo engaziwa kwaye ihloselwe ngakumbi ukuqinisekisa umgangatho ofanelekileyo weenkonzo zonyango kunye nokukhusela unyango olungenanto. Ukuba umntu unikezwe ngoncedo olungonelanelekanga okanye ukuba kukho unyango olunzima lwabasebenzi bezonyango, okanye kubalulekile ukufumana amalungelo abo ukubonelela ngolunye uhlobo okanye olunye uhlobo loncedo lwezonyango, unokuqhagamshelana nenkonzo yempilo yendawo.
Umncedisi wefowuni weyeza unyango
Umncedisi wokunceda abantu abadala udibanisa umnxeba weengqondo-uphendule iincwadi zeengxaki zezinto eziphilayo, ophendula yonke imibuzo, ukhangele into ekufuneka ihlawulwe ukuba uyayiqonda ukuba ingaba umntwana okanye umntu omdala uthatha isidakamizwa okanye cha. Umncedisi wezoncedo uncedisa le micimbi elandelayo:
- badinga uncedo ekwamukelweni kombandela wokubhalisa, ukubhedlelelwa esibhedlele, kunye nokunyangwa;
- umntu osondeleyo (umyeni, umhlobo, umntwana) udinga uncedo lweengcali ze-narcologist, kodwa awufuni ukuzenza uluntu;
- ilungu leentsapho ezithembekileyo lifuna ukuxhaswa kwengqondo, kuba lo mzabalazo wempilo kunye nokubuyela kwimpilo eqhelekileyo iyasusa yonke imikhosi;
- umntu uyaqonda ukuba akakwazi ukuphuma ekuxhomekeke kweziyobisi kunye noxwala.
Sebenza kwifowuni yokuthembela
Uncedo loncedo-lwengqondo kubantu abadala kunye nabantwana - luyinkonzo ebalulekileyo, kodwa iingcali zivakalelwa ngamanye amaxesha, kwaye zinexesha lovakalelwa bengenanto kunye nobuqhetseba bomsebenzi abawenzayo, ngakumbi ukuba umnxeba uzalisekisa injongo yokuzibulala. Ukutshiswa komsebenzi apha kuyinto eqhelekileyo, kwaye iingcali ezingenqabile zisebenza kule nkonzo iminyaka emininzi, ayinagama, kodwa ngenxa yabo abaninzi abantu basindiswa ubomi.