Ukufakelwa kweqanda ngethuba lokuzalwa kobomi obutsha, intlanganiso yeeseli ezimbini apho umntu uya kukhula khona. Le nkqubo - eyinkimbinkimbi kwaye imangalisa, icatshulwa yendalo - inomdla omkhulu kubo bobabini izazinzulu kunye nabazali bexesha elizayo.
Lapho iqanda litsalwa khona
Ukutshala kweqanda kubakho, njengommiselo, kwiibhulo zomzimba, ezikhokelela kwi-uterus ukuya kuma-ovari. Kuvela kumaqanda ukuba iqanda lomama lishiye kwaye lihlangabezane ne-spermatozoon. Emva kokuba i-zygote yehla kwisibeleko kwaye ikhangele indawo yokuhlala kuyo, apho iya kuphuhlisa khona iinyanga ezilisithoba.
Amanyathelo okuchumisa i-oocyte
Ukufakelwa kweqanda kungenziwa, ngokuqhelekileyo, kanye ngenyanga. Kodwa uyazi njani xa iqanda lilungele ukuchumisa? Ukuba umjikelo uzinzile, iinyanga zifika ngexesha kwaye zigqibela malunga nenani elifanayo leentsuku, ngoko akunzima ukubala ukutsalwa kweqanda ngemini. Njengomthetho, iselungele ukulungela ubomi obutsha 14 iintsuku ngaphambi kokuphela komjikelo. Esi sininzi isigaba sesibini somjikelezo wesini. Isigaba sokuqala siyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimimiselo ye-hormonal system, kwaye inokuhlala kwiintsuku ezi-7 ukuya kwezi-16 okanye ngaphezulu.
Nangona kunjalo, kwamanye amabhinqa umjikelezo awuzinzile, ngoko ke ixesha lokuchumisa i-oocyte lwenzeka nanini na. Ikhono le-ovum lokutshala ligcinwa ngeeyure eziyi-12 ukuya kuma-48. I-Spermatozoa inokuhlala kwisigcawu somzimba ukuya kwiintsuku ezingama-5-7, ngenxa yoko oku kunokwenzeka ukuba ukhulelwe kumjikelezo ngamnye uphakamileyo nakwizenzo ezingaqhelekanga zesondo.
Kunzima ukusho ngokuthe ngqo ukuba ukuchumisa kwe-ovum kudala kangakanani. Isantya sokunyakaza kwe-spermatozoa kunye namaphecana angama-2 isentimitha ngeyure, kodwa iqanda lingaba lulungele ngexesha elifikelela kwindawo yalo. Ngako oko, ixesha lokukhulelwa kweqanda liyanwelwa ngokwaneleyo ngexesha - ukusuka kwisini sokulala ukuya kwintlanganiso kunokuthatha kwiiyure ezintathu ukuya kwiintsuku eziliqela. Kulo lonke ixesha umzimba uya kulinda uphawu lokuchumisa. Ukuba oku kungenzeki, umjikelo uya kuphelisa, ukuya esikhathini kuya kuza kwaye inkqubo iya kuqalwa kwakhona.
Iziganeko ezingaqhelekanga
Kwezinye iimeko, umjikelezo olandelayo wowesifazane akaphuli enye iqanda, kodwa ezimbini. Kule meko, ukukhulelwa kwamaqanda amabini kunokwenzeka, kwaye umphumo wokukhulelwa kuya kuba kukuzalwa kwamawele, loo mawele abizwa ngokuba ngu-raznoyaytsevymi. Baya kuba neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zesini kwaye bangafani kangako kunye njengento ephilileyo. Ngaphantsi kaninzi ama-ovari akhulula ii-3-4 kunye namaqanda avuthiweyo.
Ukongezelela, kukho ukuchithwa kweqanda (IVF). Kule meko, ukucwiliswa kweqanda elinesidoda kubonakala kwiphubhu yokuvavanya, kwaye emva kokuba i-zygote ifakwe emzimbeni womama okanye umfazi ozimisele ukuzalela umntwana isibini. Njengomthetho, inkqubo ye-IVF isebenzisa amaqanda amaninzi atyunjwe ngokukhawuleza ukunyusa umphumo wokuphumelela kwesiphumo. Ukufumanisa ukuba, kubangaphi ukuchumisa kweqanda kwenzeka kule meko kunokwenzeka kwiiyure kunye nemizuzu.
Kwenzeka ntoni emva kokuchumisa kweqanda
Emva kokuchumisa kweqanda kuqala inkqubo ende yokuphuhliswa kwayo. Iiseli ziqala ukwahlula, ezimbini zizalwe ezine, kwaye zikho ezisibhozo njalonjalo. Kwiiveki ezimbalwa, i-embryo encinci iya kuqala ukukhupha i-aorta, izitho eziphambili ziya kubeka, izandla kunye neenyawo ziya kubumba. Ukususela kumzuzu wokuchumisa kwi-zygote
Nangona kunjalo, kunye ne-ovum, yonke imveliso yomama idlula indlela enkulu yophuhliso. Ubume be-hormonal, iimpendulo zamakhemikhali, isisu sisilungiselelwe ukufakwa kweqanda, okuza kwenzeka kwiiveki ezi-1-2 kwaye kuza kufikelela kwiintsuku ezimbini. Ngokukhawuleza umama ozayo uza kuziva ezi zitshintsho ngokwabo - imeko yempilo, isimo sengqondo, ukutya, kuya kuguqulwa, kwaye ukukhulelwa kungaqinisekiswa neemvavanyo zonyango. Kwiiveki ezi-7-8 emva kokuchumisa umntwana angabonwa kwi-ultrasound, iya kuba yinto yakhe yokuqala.