Iikotyi ziyimifuno eyaziwayo kakhulu edliwa kunyaka wonke, ngoko ikhule emibini kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo kunye nomhlaba ovulekileyo malunga nendawo nganye engadini. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, nangona ukuba umgadi wezilwanyana ulandela zonke iingcebiso, ikhukhamba ngandlela-thile iya kushiya. Masiqaphele izizathu eziphambili zeli ngxaki.
Kutheni amaqabunga aphela kwiikomkom?
Abagadi bezolimo baye bafumanisa izi zizathu ezilandelayo ezibalulekileyo ukuba kutheni amaqabunga ekhukhamba afuna:
- Ukungabikho kokugcinwa kweemeko ezikhulayo:
- Ukunisela - ukunganyanzeli ukunyusa kukukhokelela ekubeni amaqabunga aqala ukuma ukusuka emngceleni ukuya kwiziko, kwaye ugweme ukufumana umswakama kubo;
- umgama omncinci phakathi kokutshala;
- indawo ekhethiweyo - ukuba amaqabunga ekhukhamba aya kubonakaliswa ukutshatyalaliswa kwelanga, ngoko, mhlawumbi, baya kukwenza ngokukhawuleza. Kubaluleke kakhulu kukuma kwemibhedlana apho esi sityalo sitsaliswe khona - esincinci kwaye siphezulu sikhokelela ekulahlekelweni kokunyameka okufunekayo, okukhokelela ekuhleni kwamaqabunga kunye neziqu;
- ukugqithiswa kwesantya okanye ukungabikho kwezichumisi ;
- zibethe i-herbicides - kuba le sityalo ayizinyamezeli;
- indawo engafanelekanga, ekuthiwa ityalwe kufuphi neetamatato, ekubeni ezi zityalo zifuna ukuhluthwa komoya.
- isifo sefungal - i-fusarium wilt yekhukhamba, echaphazela izityalo zendalo. Uyakwazi ukwahlula kwi-vertex ebunileyo, ehamba kunye nokubola kwe-stem kwi-root root;
- ukubola okumhlophe - amaqabunga alahlekelwa yi-turgor, athathaka kakhulu, aze aphele ngokupheleleyo, amabala omdaka afakwe kwindawo ehlambulukileyo;
- I-root rot is isizathu esona sizathu sokuba ikhukhamba iphose kwaye ifuthe amaqabunga aphantsi, ukuba ingakhange iqhutywe ngelo xesha, ixhoba lifa;
- ii-aphids - ungayifumana emva kweemakhishithi;
- izilwanyana.
Emva kokuba uzimisele isizathu sokuba amaqabunga ekhukhamba aphihliwe, amanyathelo kufuneka athathwe ukuze asindise isityalo, kuba loo mqathango ingakhokelela ekufeni kwayo.
Ndingayenza ntoni ukuba amaqabunga aluhlaza aphelelwe ngamakhukhamba?
Ukuba isizathu sokunisela, oko kuyimfuneko ukuba uqale ukuthambisa amahlathi xa kunokwenzeka kwaye rhoqo, ukuze umswakama ufinyelele kwiingcambu zesityalo. Kule meko, kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba amanzi awasasazi, kodwa uhlala ecaleni kwesiqu. Kule nto, ibhedi kufuneka ibe yinto okanye unokwenza kube yinto encinci.
Xa izidalwa ezinambuzane zegciwane zingena kumaqabunga, kufuneka zihlanjwe ngokukhawuleza kunokwenzeka kuwo, kunye namanzi ziya kugxininisa ngokujulile emhlabathini kwaye zingabi yingozi kwikhukhamba.
Xa amaqabunga abuna ngenxa yomonakalo kwisityalo ngesifo, iifungus okanye izinambuzane, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyijonga ngokukhawuleza kwaye uyiphathe ngeendlela ezizodwa:
- ukubola kweengcambu - ukufuthwa kunye neziyobisi "Trichodermin", eyinkozo ye-oat, ehlanganiswe ngumbumba omile ohlaza. Zinyamekile kwaye izityalo ezigulayo ziphathwa ngokusombululo;
- Isisombululo - isisombululo se-soapy sinceda kakhulu okanye unokuthenga amakhemikhali akhethekileyo, umzekelo, "Iskra";
- izifo ezifuthayo (i-fusarium iyakuthi ikhukhamba okanye i-white rot) - kuyimfuneko ukuyisebenzisa kwiikhemikhali ezifana ne "Fotosporin", "Kornevin", "iGitrauxin";
- Iikiti - ufefe nge-infusion ye-onion husk.
Ukuze ugweme ezi ngxaki, kubalulekile ukugqoka imbewu ngaphambili, ukuphatha umhlaba phambi kokutyala, kunye nokuphindaphindiweyo ukuphalaza i-cucumber strand kwi-spray ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate. Ngaphambi kokutyala ikhukhamba kummandla wakho wegadi, kufuneka uqiniseke ngokucacileyo kunye neengxaki ezinokwenzeka ekukhuleni kunye nezindlela zokupheliswa kwazo.