Inkqubo yonxibelelwano, eqinisweni, iphela ubomi bethu bonke, kuba, njengezentlalo, ngaphandle koqhagamshelwano, asikwazanga ukuququzelela ubuncinane uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi. Le ngqungquthela ithatha ingqwalasela, iingcali zezobufihla behlabathi la mandulo, kunye neengqondo zengqondo zanamhlanje. Kuze kube ngoku, akukho luhlu olulodwa lwesakhiwo senkqubo yoqhagamshelwano lwentsebenziswano kunye nolunye, kodwa siya kuhlanganisa iintlobo eziqhelekileyo.
Ulwahlulo lwahlula libe sisakhiwo ukuze uhlalutyo lwento nganye, kunye nokuhlaziya.
Kwisakhiwo, imisebenzi kunye neendlela zokunxibelelana, iinkqubo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo ziyahluka:
- utshintshiselwano ngolwazi - uqhagamshelwano;
- utshintsho lwemisebenzi - ukusebenzisana;
- Ingqiqo yombono weqabane-yentlalo.
Kwizengqondo, iinkcukacha zezi nkqubo zibhekwa njengendlela yokusebenzisana phakathi koluntu kunye noluntu, ngelixa i-sociology ibona ukusetyenziswa koqhagamshelwano kwimisebenzi yoluntu.
Ukongeza, ngamanye amaxesha abaphandi benza ezintathu kwisakhiwo sengqondo semisebenzi yokunxibelelana:
- ulwazi kunye noqhagamshelwano;
- ulawulo kunye nolwazi;
- ezichaphazelekayo-zokuxhumana.
Enyanisweni, kwinkqubo yoqhagamshelwano, yonke le mi sebenzi ihambelana ngokuthe ngqo kwaye ihlukanise kuphela ukuhlalutya kunye nenkqubo yophando lovavanyo.
Amanqanaba okuhlalutya kwesakhiwo soqhagamshelwano
I-Sovietistist psychologist uBoris Lomov, ngekhulu leminyaka elidlulileyo, wafumanisa amanqanaba amathathu okuhlalutya isakhiwo soqhagamshelwano lwentetho, esasetyenziselwa kwengqondo:
- macrolevel. Ukufunda kweli nqanaba kubonisa ukuhlaziywa kophuhliso lwengqondo lomntu, kwixesha elithile. Ulwalamano oluphakathi komntu kunye nabanye abantu kunye namaqela oluntu lufundwa.
- mesa. Kulo nqanaba, isakhiwo soqhagamshelwano sijongwa njengeemeko zokusebenzisana ngokugqibeleleyo, ezinokutshintsha, kwaye apho umntu efumana khona ngexesha elithile. Ukugxininiswa ekuhlalutyweni kwinqanaba le-mesa lwenziwa kwizinto ezinamandla, izigaba, iindlela zokuthetha kunye nezingazithetha ngomlomo, kunye neziqulatho zomxholo weemeko apho inxibelelwano yenzeka khona ("ngenjongo yintoni", "kutheni", njl.);
- I-microlevel ibonisa ukuhlaziywa kweeyunithi zokuqala zonxibelelwano, kuthathwa njengento echaphazelekayo yezenzo zokuziphatha ("umbuzo-mpendulo", kunye nesimo sengqondo soothungelwano kwiinkcukacha ezifunyenweyo).
Umsunguli weengqondo zezentlalo B. I-Parygin ibhekiselele kwisakhiwo soqhagamshelwano njengobudlelwane phakathi kwezinto ezimbini eziphambili: inentsingiselo (ukuthetha ngokuthe ngqo) kunye nesesikweni (ukusebenzisana nomxholo kunye nefomu).
Esinye isazi senzululwazi soSoviet u-A. Bodalev sahlukanisa izinto ezintathu eziphambili phakathi kweentlobo kunye nezakhiwo zoqhagamshelwano:
- Gnostic. Oku kubhekisela kwicala loqhagamshelwano;
- echaphazelayo -
- okwenzayo - icandelo elisebenzayo.
UNxibelelwano, njengenkqubo yokudlulisa ulwazi kunye nokuphazamiseka kwezifundo zonxibelelwano, kunokukwaziswa ngokuphathelele izixhobo zayo ezizimeleyo:
- injongo;
- umxholo;
- iindlela zokunxibelelana;
- abathathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo yoqhagamshelwano;
- uhlobo loqhagamshelwano phakathi kwezifundo zonxibelelwano;
- ukubanxibelelana kwabachaphazelekayo kwinkqubo yokunxibelelana;
- iinkalo zesini zonxibelelwano;
- isitayela kunye neendlela zokunxibelelana;
- umphumo wokugqibela wenkqubo yoqhagamshelwano.
Ngenxa yokwahlukana okunjalo kwesakhiwo soqhagamshelwano, kuyimfuneko ukunyamekela indima yendalo apho kuboniswa khona unxibelelwano:
Ekugqibeleni, ku funeka kuqatshelwe ukuba inkqubo yoqhagamshelwano iphelele kunye nenxulumano ehambelanayo yezinto ezimbini ezibambiseneyo: zangaphandle (ukuziphatha), kubonakaliswe kwizenzo zokuxhumana zabathengisi, kunye nokukhetha kokuziphatha kunye nokungaphakathi (ixabiso lezinto eziphathekayo kwintetho yonxibelelwano), eboniswa izibonakaliso zomlomo nezengenagama.