Ngaphantsi kwengcamango yentliziyo ye-pulmonary iyaqondwa ubunzima beempawu ezibonakala kwi-pathology yecala lasekunene lentliziyo. I-ventricle kunye ne-atrium zandisiwe kwaye zandiswe ngenxa yokunyuka kwengcinezelo kwisangqa esincinci sokujikeleza, esichukunyiswa zizifo zemiphunga kunye ne-bronchi.
Iifom yeenhliziyo eziphambili
Ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela okukhawuleza ngayo ukubonakaliswa kweklinikhi yale nkalo, kubalulekile ukuba uhlukanise:
- i-acute - ikhula ngokukhawuleza, ngokwenene kwiiyure ezimbalwa;
- ukuxhatshazwa - ukwanda kweempawu zonyuka kwi-ventricle efanelekileyo kwaye i-atrium iyenzeka kwiiveki ezimbalwa;
- ezingapheliyo - zivela kwimvelaphi yezifo eziphambili zenkqubo yokuphefumula kwaye zizenza zizive kwiinyanga ezimbalwa okanye kwiminyaka embalwa.
Isifo senhliziyo esingapheliyo
Ngaloo ndlela, ifomu engapheliyo ye-etiology ichazwa ngale ndlela ilandelayo:
- Ifom yeBronchopulmonary. Kwenzeka ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yezilonda eziphambili zenkqubo yokuphefumula (emphysema, asthma , i-bronchitis ephazamisayo, i-pneumoconiosis, isifo sofuba, njl.).
- Ifom ye-Vascular. Yibangelwa isilonda esisisiseko semithambo yamapulmonary (i-mediastinal tumors, embolism embolism, atherosclerosis ye-pulmonary artery, njl.).
- Ifomu yeTraradidiaphragmatic. Yibangelwa izilonda eziphambili zesithsaba okanye isifuba, esiphazamisa ukungena kwemiphunga (kyphoscoliosis, poliomyelitis, ukukhuluphala, ipneumosclerosis, njl.).
Kungekudala, oogqirha baqaphele ukuba iziganeko zokukhubazeka kwesigxina senhliziyo ngenxa ye-pulmonary embolism (PE) ziye zanda rhoqo, kunye nezigulane ezinesifo se-ischemic, iziphene zentliziyo ngenxa ye-rheumatism kunye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu zisengozini.
Intliziyo ye-pulmary acute
Ukwanda kwangoko kwimiqondiso kubangela ukuba:
- ukuhlaselwa kwe-asthma;
- i-valve pneumothorax;
- PE enkulu;
- pneumonia.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, intliziyo ye-pulmonary ivela kwifom ye-subacute ifom, ebonakalayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwamagatsha amancinci kwi-pulmonary artery ngenxa ye-myasthenia gravis, i-botulism, i-lymphangitis, i-parasites, njl njl.
Iimpawu zentliziyo ye-pulmonary zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwisigulane esingakhange sikhalaze ngaphambili. Esifubeni, kukho intlungu, kukho isikhumba se-cyanotic, ukuphefumula okufutshane kunye nokuvuya okukhulu. Ngemizuzu embalwa okanye isiqingatha seyure, i-edema yamapulmoni kunye nesimo sokutshitshiswa. Xa ukugulisa isigulane, isigulane sinamava, intlungu yomlomo wesibeleko ikhula. Ukuba isiguli asincedisi ngokukhawuleza, kungenzeka ukuba i-infarction yamaphaphu. Isigulane siqala ukukhwehlela ngokuhlukana kwe-sputum kunye negazi, intlawulo yenhliziyo yanda, izandi ezixhambileyo zomsindo zivakala kumphunga ochaphazelekayo.
Iimpawu zentliziyo ye-pulmary pulatiary zibonakaliswa ngokuphelelwa amandla, i-hemoptysis, ukuphefumula okufutshane, ukuphazamiseka rhoqo.
Isifo senhliziyo esingapheliyo
Ubunzima beli fomu lukhula kwizigaba ezimbini: umvuzo kunye nokuhlawula.
Kwimeko yokuqala, isigulane siyakhathazeka ngeempawu zesifo esingaphantsi kwesifo, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe inxalenye yentliziyo inyuka, ehamba kunye ne-pulsation phezulu kwesisu, ukuphefumula okufutshane.
Kwinqanaba le-decompensation intliziyo ye-pulmonary ibonakaliswe intlungu kwisifuba, i-cyanosis (i-cyanosis), ukuvuvukala kweemvini zentsholongwane, kungekhona nje ekuphumeni komzimba, kodwa nangokuphefumlelwa, ukwandiswa kwesibindi, i-edema yomda.
Unyango lwesifo senhliziyo
Kwimeko efanelekileyo yesifo somguli, kuyimfuneko ukuhlaziya kunye nokwenza i-heart massage, umoya wokungenisa umoya okanye i-intubation. Kamva, ugqirha ukukhupha i-thrombus, eyayivala umzobo.
Xa unyango lwentliziyo engapheliyo i-pulmonary hearts, ugxininiso lubekwe kwicandelo lesifo esisisigxina, kunye nokulwa neempawu zisebenzisa i-bronchodilators, i-analeptics yokuphefumula, i-glucocorticoids (xa kwenzeka ukuhlawula). Ngokwehluleka kwentliziyo misela i-diuretics kunye ne-glycosides.