Iinkqubo zokukhusela ngokwengqondo

Ubomi bowesifazane wesimhla uzele iziganeko ezahlukahlukeneyo, kwaye akubona bonke abanikezelayo iimvakalelo ezintle. Ngako oko, akunakwenzeka ukuphepha uxinzelelo, sibafumana ngeveki kakhulu kangangokuba ihlala isimangalisa indlela esinokugcina ngayo impilo yengqondo. Enyanisweni, akukho nto imangalisayo apha, ukhuseleko linikeza iindlela zokukhuselwa kwengqondo yomntu. Ziye zininzi kwaye zininzi, nangona kunjalo, wonke umntu unesimo esithile kwisinye okanye iindlela ezininzi zokuzikhusela.

Inkcazo yokukhusela kwengqondo

Ngethuba lokuqala malunga nemisebenzi kunye neentlobo zokhuseleko lwengqondo zathi uSigmund Freud ngo-1894. Wayekholelwa ukuba lobu buchule bendoda buyimvelo kwaye buvuleka kwiimeko ezinzima kwaye kunceda ukukhulula ingxabano engaphakathi phakathi kwengqondo kunye nengqondo. Uphando olutshanje luye lwabonisa ukuba iindlela zokuzivikela kwengqondo ezingabonakaliyo, kodwa ziyafumaneka kwinkqubo yophuhliso lwabantu ngabanye, kwaye zijoliswe ngokusisiseko ekujonganeni neengxabano zentlalo. Oko kukuthi, iindlela zokuzikhusela ziyimveliso yokuqeqeshwa komntu, ngokuchaseneyo nezicwangciso ezinokuthi zichazwe nguFrud. Yingakho abantu bengenazo iindlela ezipheleleyo zokukhuselwa kwengqondo, kodwa kuphela abo baye bakwazi ukufunda.

Iintlobo zokukhuselwa kwengqondo

1. Ukulahla - kubonakala kwiimvavanyo zokuphepha ingcaciso engahambelani neengcinga ezilungileyo malunga nawe. Ezi ngcaciso eziphikisana nezimo zengqondo azibonakali nje. Ngokuqhelekileyo le ndlela isetyenziswe ngabantu abaphakanyisiweyo kwaye ivela kwizifo ze-somatic.
2. Uxinzelelo - lunceda ukuphepha iingxabano zangaphakathi ngokuphepha yonke inkcazelo malunga neemeko ezibuhlungu, kodwa yinjongo kuphela yezenzo zabo. Uxinzelelo aluvumeli ukuqonda kweminqweno engahambelani nemeko yokuziphatha yomntu.
3. Ukulungiswa kwemilinganiselo - kwenza ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba kuqaphele kuphela loo nxalenye yengcaciso engenayo inceda ukuchaza indlela yokuziphatha ngokungaphikisani nemimiselo nokulawulwa kakuhle.
4. Iprojection ibonakaliswe ngokungenakwazi ukutshintsha iimvakalelo zomntu, iiminqweno kunye neminqweno komnye umntu, uluntu, imeko, ukuze atshintshe uxanduva lobomi kunye nezenzo kwabanye. Le ndlela iqala ukusebenza xa umntu esondele ukuqonda iimpawu zayo ezimbi.
5. Ukuchonga kukuhluka kohlobo, oluhambelana nokuzibonakalisa nomnye umntu, kunye nokudluliselwa kweemvakalelo zakhe neempawu kuye. Kule meko umntu akatshintshi uxanduva lwakhe kumahlombe wabanye, kodwa uzama ukusondela aze aqonde omnye umntu. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukukhulisa ukuzithemba.
6. Ukutyalwa kweentlobo - kubumba ukuhlukaniswa kwengxenye yesazi, ehambelana neziganeko eziphazamisayo. Le ndlela idibanisa ukuqonda, ngoko ezinye iimeko zibonwa ngokwahlukileyo, ngaphandle kokuseka izibophelelo zengqondo phakathi kwabo.
7. Ukufakelwa kwendawo kukudluliselwa kwempendulo kwinto engenakufikeleleka komntu kwenye, into efikeleleke ngakumbi. Ngokomzekelo, ucatshulwa kumphathi kwaye singakwazi ukubonisa ukunganeliseki kwakhe, sibetha iiplate okanye simemeza abo bathandekayo. Zonke ezi ziimeko zokufaka endaweni.
8. Ukuphupha - kuvumela umntu ukuba atshintshe izenzo ezingenakufikeleleka ngesizathu esithile ngokwenene kwilizwe elingenangqiqo, kwiphupha.
9. Imfundo esebenzayo isetyenziselwa ukuvimbela imvakalelo evuyokileyo ekubeni neyomnqweno, ukufaka endaweni yayo ngokuthe ngqo.
10. Ukuhlawulelwa - kuphuhliswa kwaye kudla ngokusetyenziswa ngokuqaphelayo, le ndlela yenzelwe ukudibana nentlungu, intlungu ngenxa yokulahleka okanye ukulahleka kwangempela.
11. Inkqonqqutyana yindlela yokuvuselela amandla ukusuka kwiminqweno eyanelisayo ejongene nokungahambisani noluntu kwiinjongo ezingamkelekanga.
12. Ukunyanzeliswa - ubuyisela umntu kwixesha eliphambili, ukuphendula okungundoqo kubomi, indima yomntwana kwintsapho kunye noluntu.
13. Ifilosofi - yenza ukuba ukwandise ixabiso lakho ngokubethelela ubomi bakho.
14. I-Catharsis - utshintsho kwinkqubo yexabiso, evumela ukunciphisa umphumo wezinto ezibuhlungu.

Ukuba sithetha ngeziganeko zeendlela zokukhusela ngokwengqondo, ngoko ke umnqweno uya kuba ngumnqweno wento yonke ekukhokiseni umntu ukuba angabikho kwinyani, inkohliso yokusindiswa.

Inkqubo yokukhuselwa kwengqondo yomntu

Iindlela zokuzikhusela ngokwengqondo zifom ye-multi-level system, injongo yalo kukunika ulwazi kunye nokukhuselwa kwengqondo yomntu. Kukho izikhokelo ezi-3 eziphambili zokusebenza kwazo:

• uluntu, liqwalasela umlinganiselo woluntu;
• iqela lentlalontle, lisetyenziswe kumaqela oluntu;
• ngabanye-ngabanye.

Njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla, akukho zonke iintlobo zokukhusela kuzo zonke ziphuhliswa ngokulinganayo, ngaphezu koko, iimpawu zophuhliso zendlela nganye zingabangela izifo ezihlukahlukeneyo nezifo. Ukufumana kwabo, iindlela zokukhusela ngokwengqondo zifunyaniswa, eziphumela kwizigqibo malunga nemeko yomntu kunye neendlela ezifunekayo zonyango.