Umntu, edibanisene nehlabathi elikujikelezile, akanakusebenzisa kuphela iinjongo zesayensi kunye nengqiqo enengqiqo. Ngokuphindaphindiweyo udinga ulwazi olusisiseko sokucinga nokuphila kunye nemisebenzi yeengcinga - ukubona, ukuva, ukunambitha, ukuvumba nokuchukumisa.
Uthetha ukuthini ulwazi lobugcisa?
Yonke inqubo yokuqonda ihlukaniswe yaba ngamacandelo amabini: i-theory and empirical. Iyokuqala ithathwa njengeyona nto iphezulu, ivela kwinto yokuba isekelwe kwiingxaki nemithetho esisisombululo sabo. Ukuyigqala njengento efanelekileyo yinto engabonakaliyo: le ngcamango ifanelekile kwinkqubo esele ifundwe, iimpawu eziye zaqwalaselwa kwaye zichazwe ngumnye umntu. Ulwazi lobutyebi luhlobo oluthe lwahlukileyo lwolwazi. Yayimvelaphi, kuba inkolelo ayinakwenziwa ngaphandle kokuhlaziya iimvakalelo zakho kwinto yophando. Kwakhona kuthiwa ukucinga ngokucinga, oku kuthetha ukuba:
- Ukusetyenziswa ngokuphambili kolwazi malunga nento. Umzekelo ungumnqweno: uluntu aluyi kukwazi ukuba umlilo ushushu, ukuba ngelinye ilanga ilangabi lakhe lingatshiswa ngumntu.
- Isiqalo sokuqala kwinkqubo yokuqonda. Ngethuba lomntu usebenze zonke iintliziyo. Ngokomzekelo, xa kuthe kwafunyanwa intlobo esitsha, usosayensi usebenzisa ulwazi olusisiseko kwaye uyilungiselela ukumbona kwaye alungise zonke iinguqu ekuphatheni, ubunzima, umbala womntu ngamnye.
- Ukusebenzisana komntu kunye nehlabathi langaphandle. Umntu ngokwakhe uhlambulukileyo, kwaye ngoko ke kwinkqubo yokufunda inzondo ixhomekeka kwiimvelo.
Ulwazi lobukhosi kwifilosofi
Isayensi nganye inombono oyingqayizivele wesidingo sokusebenzisa iinjongo kwinkqubo yokufunda imimandla noluntu. Ifilosofi ikholelwa ukuba inqanaba lobuchule lokuqatshelwa komzimba ludidi olumanyanisa ukuqinisa ubudlelwane kuluntu. Ukuphuhlisa ubuchule kunye nokucinga , umntu uxelela abanye ngamava akhe kwaye ahlakulele ukucamngca ngcamango-ingqiqo eyakhayo, ephuma ekusebenzisaneni nokuvalelwa kwimbono kunye nombono ongaphakathi (umbono).
Iimpawu zolwazi oluqingqiweyo
Iimpawu ezibonakaliswe nayiphi na inkqubo phantsi kokufunda zibizwa ngokuba yimpawu zayo. Ngefilosofi, basebenzisa umqondo ofanayo - iimpawu ezibonisa iimpawu zenkqubo eyenzekayo. Iimpawu zobungcali bobugcisa ziquka:
- ukuqokelela iinkcukacha;
- zabo ziseko;
- inkcazo yedatha egcinwe;
- inkcazo yolwazi olufunyenwe ngexesha lovavanyo;
- inkqubo kunye nokuhlelwa kolwazi.
Izindlela zobomi obuqilileyo
Akunakwenzeka ukuqonda indlela yefilosofi okanye yezenhlalakahle ngaphandle kokuqulunqwa kwangaphambili kwemithetho yokwenza uphando. Indlela yokuziqonda ifuna iindlela ezifana nale:
- Ukuqwalaselwa kukufundwa kwangaphandle kwento exhomekeke kwiinkcukacha zengqondo.
- Uvavanyo - ukungenelela okujoliswe kuyo kwinkqubo okanye ukuveliswa kwayo kwibhubhoratri.
- Ukulinganisa - ukunika iziphumo zokulinga ifom yefomati.
- Inkcazo - ukulungiswa kwembonakalo efunyenwe kwiintliziyo.
- Ukuthelekiswa kukuhlalutya izinto ezimbini ezifanayo ukwenzela ukubonakalisa ukufana kwazo okanye ukungafani.
Imisebenzi yolwazi olungummiselo
Imisebenzi yoluphi uhlobo lwefilosofi lithetha iinjongo ezinokufezekiswa kwisicelo sayo. Zityhila nje imfuno yokuba khona kweengcamango okanye into ebonakalayo ukusuka kwinqanaba lokujonga. Indlela yokwenza umkhondo yokuziqonda inemisebenzi elandelayo:
- Imfundo - ivelisa iingcinga kunye nezakhono ezifumanekayo.
- Ulawulo - lunokuchaphazela ukuphathwa kwabantu ngokuziphatha kwabo.
- Ulwazi olulinganiselayo - ulwazi olusisiseko lwehlabathi lubangela ukuba kuhlolwe ubungqina bokuba kunye nendawo yalo kuyo.
- Injongo yinjongo yokufumana ibhonchmarks echanekileyo.
Ulwazi lwezobukhosi
Indlela enengqiqo yokufumana ulwazi ingaba yintlobo yeentlobo ezintathu. Zonke zidibaniselana kunye kwaye ngaphandle kwalowo mbumbano indlela yokuqonda yehlabathi ayinakwenzeka. Ezi ziquka:
- Ingqiqo yindlela yokudala umfanekiso ogcweleyo wento, ukuhlanganiswa kweengcinga ukusuka ekucamngeni kwimiba yonke yezinto. Ngokomzekelo, i-apula ibonwa ngumntu ongeyomnxeba okanye obomvu, kodwa njengento ebalulekileyo.
- Uluvo luhlobo oluthile lokuqonda, olubonakalisa kwingqondo yomntu iipropati zemiba ethile yento kunye nempembelelo yazo kwintliziyo. Impawu nganye zivezwa ngokwahlukileyo kwabanye - ukunambitha, ukuvumba, umbala, ubukhulu, ukuma.
- Ukunikezwa - umfanekiso obonwayo owenziwa yinto, into eyenziwa ngayo ngaphambili. Imemori kunye nengcinga zidlala indima enkulu kule nkqubo: zibuyisela inkumbulo yeso sifundo xa engekhoyo.