Iilungiselelo-i-bronchodilators - uluhlu

Iibronchodilators zizidakamizwa eziqhelisa i-bronchospasm, ezichaphazela ithoni yemisipha ye-bronchial kunye neendlela ezinxulumene nemimiselo yazo. Zisetyenziselwa unyango lwezifo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezenzekayo kunye neengxaki zesithintelo esithintekayo: i-apnea yeintsana, i-emphysema yemiphunga, i-bronchitis ephazamisayo okanye engapheliyo kunye ne-asthma ye-bronchial. Iibronchodilators zihlulwe zibe ziintlobo ezininzi.

Izidakamizwa ze-Adrenomimetic ezivela kwiqela lama-bronchodilators

I-Adrenomimetics yiziyobisi ezinokukhawuleza ukuyeka ukuhlaselwa. Ziyakwenziwa ngokukodwa ngeendlela zeerosol. Uluhlu lwabathathu be-bronchodilators lwale nxalenye lubandakanya ezo ziyobisi:

1. I-hexoprenaline - iyancipha i-bronchi, ikhulula imisipha. Ngehlaselo elide lokuxhatshazwa okanye ukungasebenzi ngokwaneleyo kwifomu yokungafaki, ungasebenzisa le myeza, ujobe ngegciwane.
2. I-Salbutamol isilwanyana eside esisebenza. Umphumo walo we-bronchodilator ngenxa yokuphucula ngokukhawuleza kwezihlunu ezihamba kakuhle ze-bronchi. Emva kokusebenzisa iziyobisi, iziphumo zecala ziyakwenzeka: inwele embi, inambuzane, ukuhlanza. Ukungqinelani okungekho mthethweni uSalbutamol ayikho.
3. I-Terbutaline - inefuthe le-bronchodilator kwaye isetyenziswe ngempumelelo ekwenzeni unyango lwezifo ezahlukeneyo zamaphaphu kunye nokunciphisa i-lumen ye-bronchi. Emva kokuvuthwa kweziyobisi, umphumo wayo uqala emva kwemizuzu emi-5-10.
4. I-Formoterol - iindawo zendawo zisebenza kwi-bronchi, ebangela ukuba i-bronchodilation imizuzu emi-5-10. Ingasetyenziselwa kokubili unyango lwe- bronchospasm , kunye nokuthintela kwayo.

Ii-agents ezivimbela i-Holin ezivela kwiqela lama-bronchodilators

I-Cholinolytics yilungiselelo leqela le-bronchodilator, elinomsebenzi we-spasmolytic. Zisetyenziselwa ukuphatha izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezihamba kunye neentsholongwane zeengcambu ezipholileyo. Ukunyamekela kufuneka kuthathwe xa usebenzisa ama-anticholinergic agents, kuba i-overdose encinci ingabangela:

• umlomo owomileyo ;
• tachycardia;
• ukuphulwa kweendawo zokuhlala.

Omnye wama-bronchodilator asebenzayo kakhulu kweli qela yizidakamizwa nge-trententhol (amagama eziyobisi yiTrententhol neTruvent). Ziye zikhulule imisipha ye-bronchi ngemizuzu embalwa, ikhuphe i-bronchospasm, kodwa ayikwazi ukusetyenziswa zizigulane ezinokuphazamiseka kwentliziyo kunye naluphi na izifo ezithintekayo. Ukongeza, bangena kwi-placenta kunye nobisi lwebele, ngoko abanako ukuthathwa ngabafazi nabakhulelweyo abakhulelweyo ngexesha lokuhlamba.

Iibronchodilators zesenzo se-myotropic

Iibronchodilators zesenzo se-myotropic ngamalungiselelo aphuma kwi-xanthine. Bavuyiswa kwinkqubo yesantya ephakathi kunye nokuphucula ukungahambi kakuhle kwemisipha yesithintelo. Ziyalelwe ngokukodwa ukuba unyango lwe-bronchial asthma kunye nokuthintela ukuhlaselwa kwe-bronchospasm.

Uludwe lwabathathi be-bronchodilators lwe-myotropic nyathelo luquka amayeza anjenge:

1. I-Euphyllinum - xa isitya isicasula isisu, ngoko isisetyenziswa njengesisombululo somjovo we-intramuscular. Umphumo weBronchodilating ubonakaliswe kwisithuba se-10 imizuzu kwaye ihlala ngaphezu kweeyure ezingama-2. Ukuba ungena kwisisombululo sesisombululo, ubude bezenzo buyahlukahluka.
2. I-Diprofylline - ifumaneka ngesimo sesisombululo seenjini kunye ne-suppositories. Ukuthintela i-bronchospasm, inokusetyenziswa ngokukodwa ngeendlela ezimbini, umzekelo, kwimini emva kokuthatha iipilisi, kwaye ebusuku ubeke ikhandlela.
3. Theophylline - xa ithathwa ngomlomo ngokukhawuleza. Umphumo weBronchodilating ubonakala emva kwemizuzu engama-30, kwaye ihlala ngaphezu kweeyure ezingama-3. Ngendlela ye-suppositories yama-rectal, i-bronchodilation ingenzeka kwangaphambili, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo umngcipheko wokugqithisa izidakamizwa ukwanda ngamanye amaxesha.

I-bronchodilators yesenzo se-myotropic sinokubangela ukungcola, i-tachycardia kunye nokunciphisa ukunyuka kwegazi.