- Idilesi: I- Central District, eRiga, iLV-1050, eLatvia;
- Ukufumanisa: 1234;
- Ifowuni: +371 67 224 028.
Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi ye- Old Riga, iLutheran Church yaseSt. UJohn uyaziwa ngesitayela esingavamile. Kwizakhiwo zalo, izakhiwo eziphambili zeGothic, iifom ze-baroque eziqhelekileyo zidibaniswe ngokugqithiseleyo, ukuhlaziywa kweMntla yaseMntla kunye neNational Mannerism. Kodwa isizathu somxube onjalo omangalisayo weendlela kunye neengqungquthela akuzange kuphunyezwe kwiprojekthi eyakhekileyo yokwakha, kodwa imbali enzima yetempileni, egcwele ilahleko, intshabalalo kunye nemigudu emininzi yokubuyisela le ndawo yamandulo.
Amangcwaba e-Livon monks
Ngo-1234 uMbhishophu waseRiga wakha indawo yokuhlala entsha kufuphi neDome Cathedral . Wagqiba ekubeni anikezele i-monicistan monks ngaphambili. Ngaloo ndlela, uMyalelo wamaKatolika wathola umhlaba wokwakhiwa kwetempile. Icawa entsha, ebizwa ngokuba nguYohane uMbhaptizi, yayinokuthobeka-itekisi elincinane, isakhiwo se-nave esinegumbi elincinci, ngaphakathi apho kwakukho izibonda ezintandathu kunye nezibingelelo eziliqela.
Abantu basezidolophini abazange bathande abahlaziyi bezithuthumayo kwixesha labo elide elimnyama, njengalo lonke i-Livonian Order, apho bawathobela khona. Ngoko ke, kwisixeko kwakuninzi kwakukho izikhwama. Ngo-1297, abahlali baseRiga abaguquguqukayo baseRiga baqhekeza ecaweni yaseSt. John, badiliza uphahla baza bafaka iqonga lokuthathwa kwinqanaba leNqaba iNqabayoza, likufuphi. Kodwa iDominicans ayizange ilahle itempile yayo, yakha kwakhona, kwaye emva kwexesha yanda, yathengisa isiqithi esingummelwane. Emva koko icawa ithola iimpawu zayo zeGothic ngendlela yovulo lwefestile elincinci ngokubhekiselele kwimida enkulu yezitena.
Nangona kunjalo, inkcaso yabantu basezidolophini kunye namonki ayigodli. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-15, itempile kunye nenqaba yabuya kuhlaselwa ngabanye abangenelisekanga ngokunyanzeliswa ngokugqithisileyo kwabemi baseRiga. Kwaye ngeli xesha ukunqoba kwabemi baseRiga. Kwiminyaka embalwa emva koko abantu basezidolophini bawagxotha eRiga. Kwaye kwahamba ngaphandle kwegazi. Abefundisi baya kwi-Easter procession malunga neendonga zenkqantosi zeso sixeko, kwaye abemi baseRiga bazange bawavumele xa bebuya.
Ukubuya kwimo yecawa
Ngowe-1582, ukumkani wasePolish wanquma ukuqinisa isikhundla seCawa yamaKatolika. Ukuze enze oku, wayitshintshana nebandla laseSt. John, eliyidlulisela kwiLuthere, ibandla laseJekaba, elalifakela kwiicawa zamaKatolika.
Ekugqibeleni, imithandazo yavakala kwakhona kwiindonga zecawa eliphelile. Abafundisi beba ngakumbi, kwaye umbuzo wokwandiswa kwethempeli waba. Ngethuba lokwakha inxalenye entsha yesibingelelo kunye nokongezwa kwangaphambili, izixhobo ezifake imfashini zeMannerism zazisetyenziswa ngelo xesha.
Ngamaxesha amaninzi iCawa yamaLuthere yaseSt. John yabhujiswa, kodwa kungekhona kwintukuthelo kunye nokudelelwa kwabantu, kodwa ngokungazenzisiyo. Ngomnyaka we-1677, itempile yahlushwa emlilweni omkhulu wedolophu, kwaye ngo-1941 umkhosi wecawa wangena ecaweni. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwakwenziwe, ukongeza izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo zokwakha ezikhethekileyo kweli xesha okanye ngelo xesha. Ngenxa yoko, icawa yaseSt. John eRiga ifumene ikhethekileyo kwaye iyingqayizivele ngendlela yayo.
Yintoni ongayibona?
Ukongeza kwi-architectural exterior architecture kunye nokuhlobisa kwangaphakathi kwetempile, abakhenkethi baya kuba nomdla wokubona izinto ezingavamile zesakhiwo. Zidibaniswa namabali anomdla kunye neengcamango, ezathi, ngendlela, idibanisa inombolo "2". Ezi zi:
- Izifanekiso ezimashumi (Solomey noJohn uMbhaptizi);
- iintloko ezimbini zamatye kwi-facade yecawa;
- umnqamlezo ongasikhumbuzo ozinikele kwiimonki ezimbini.
Umfanekiso kaYohane uMbhaptizi waba ngumqondiso wokuthembela, ukuvuleka kunye nokulula kwamaLuthela aqhelekileyo, ngelixa umfanekiso kaSolomey, obambe isidlo esinentloko kaYohane, ubonisa ukunyaniseka nokukhohlisa kobukhulu beKatolika. Okumangalisa kukuba, ububi babomelele kunokuba buhle, umfanekiso kaYohane wawungenako ukuma kwexesha, kwaye ngowe-1926 watshintshwa yikhophi. USolomea sele sele ekhulwini lesine ehlala kwindawo yalo, esele esaphila kuzo zonke iintlekele zemvelo, iinguqulelo kunye neemfazwe.
Kwintshona ye-ntshona-ntshona yecawa yaseSt. John uyakubona imaski yamatye ngemilomo evulekile. Kukho iinguqulelo ezimbini zeenjongo zeentloko. Ngokutsho kweengcamango zokuqala, baxelele abantu base dolophu malunga nokuqala kwentshumayelo ngabo. Kukho nabo bakholelwa ukuba le mijelo yamatye yayisetyenziselwa ukuqeqesha abavakalisi. Kwakudingeka bafunde imithandazo yabo ngokukhawuleza kangangokuthi babevakala nakwiitalato iGrcinieku.
Umlandele weemonki ezimbini uzinikezele ukungabikho kwabantu. Abahlobo befundisi babefuna ukushiya umlandele emva kweemvelaphi zabo kwaye bazive ukuba xa bechitha ubomi babo bonke eludongeni lwethempelini, baya kubalelwa njengabangcwele. Bahlala ejele ixesha elide, abemi belo sixeko babenxibe ukutya kunye namanzi. Kodwa emva kokufa kwabanamonki, akukho mntu wathatha isenzo sakhe ngenxa yemidlalo enkulu, kwaye abazange banikezele ubuso benceba, kuba kwakungekho ukholo olungcwele olwalushukumisela "abafel 'ukholo," kodwa bengenanto yokuzikhukhumeza.
Kwakhona kwiCawa yaseSt. John's Lutheran uyabona:
- Iqonga lesibingelelo seXVIII inkulungwane;
- sihlalo we-1846;
- iifestile ezingaqhelekanga ezikwinkcenkceshe ezenziwe yi-E.Tode;
- Umzobo kaY. Rosenthal "Ukwabethelwa";
- iphiko lephiko, elikuhluke kwezinye iicawa ezingekho kwinqaba, kodwa ngaphezu kwendawo yokungena.
Kwaye ungakwazi ukuya kwikonsathi yomculo wesigidi esibukhoma, esabanjwe ebandleni rhoqo. Iqumrhu lavela apha ngo-1854, kodwa ngasekupheleni kwee-1990 kwafakwa endaweni entsha yeso sixhobo saseSt.
Ukungena kwethempelini kukhululekile, unokushiya iminikelo yokuzithandela.
NgoMvulo ngumhla.
Ukususela ngeLibini ukuya kuMgqibelo, ibandla livulekile ukususela ngo-10: 00 ukuya ku-17: 00, ngeCawa ukususela ngo-10: 00 ukuya ku-12: 00.
Ndingafika njani?
I-St. John's Church isendaweni yase- Old Riga , kwiJana yesitalato 7. Izothutho loluntu olukufutshane luyayeka:
- I-tram inombolo 5, 7, 8 (iNacionālā opera);
- i-trolley bus No. 8,9 (iRātslaukums).
Ukuqhubela phambili unokuhamba ngeenyawo nje, njengoko ummandla wonke weSixeko Esidala unommandla ohamba ngezinyawo.