Ingcebe ye-parathyroid iyindawo ebalulekileyo ye-endocrine system. Unomsebenzi okhethekileyo ebomini bomzimba. Xa kwenzeka ukuphulwa emsebenzini wakhe, utshintsho lwama - hormonal , olubangela ukuphuhliswa kwezilwanyana ezinzulu.
Indima ye-Parathyroid indima emzimbeni
Ngaphandle le nxalenye yenkqubo ye-endocrine ifana ne "islet". Inani leengqungquthela ziyahluka. Kwi-80% yabemi kukho iiyunithi ezi-2 zezi "iisletthi" ze-parasitic, kunye ne-asele-ukusuka kwi-6 ukuya kwi-12. Nangona ezi zingqungquthela zikhutshwe, zisebenza njengelungu elinye. Ezi "ziqithi" ziquka ezimbini iintlobo zeeseli. Amancuba amnyama enza ihomoni ye-parathyroid. Amaseli okukhanya ayinomsebenzi omncinci.
IiHormoni ze-grey gaydi zinamaqela amaninzi:
- i-parathyrine;
- calcitrin;
- i-parathyreocrine.
Enyanisweni, intsimbi ye-parathyroid yenzelwe ukwenza umsebenzi okhethekileyo: ilawula izinga le-calcium emzimbeni. Ummiselo wenziwa ngumgaqo wempembelelo echaseneyo. Emazantsi "eziqithini" zikhona iimpumelelo ezikhethekileyo. Balinganisa inkcazo ye calcium. Ukuba aba "bahloli" bafumana isalathisi esiphantsi saloo nto, kukho umqondiso ngokukhawuleza ukuba usebenze izigulane zengqondo. Zenza i-hormone ye-parathyroid.
Ngenxa yoko, utshintsho olulandelayo luvela emzimbeni:
- Umlinganiselo wekhalsiyumu ogqityiweyo kumchamo uncitshiswe (oku kufezwe ngenxa yokuba ngaphezulu kwalolu hlobo lugxininisa kwiibhola ze-renal);
- i-oxidation eninzi kakhulu ye- vitamin D , ekhokelela kumanqanaba okwanda kwama calcitriol, abandakanyeka kwimveliso yeprotheni;
- iiseli ezonakalisa izicubu zethambo zisebenza, ngoko i- calcium index egazini ikhula.
Umsebenzi we-Parathyroid
Isimo se-pathological, esibonisa ukuveliswa okwaneleyo kwehomoni ye-parathyroid, okanye ukunciphisa ubuzwe bezinto zokufumana izicubu. Izizathu ze-hypofunction (igama lesayensi-hypoparathyroidism) ziquka:
- izifo ezizenzekelayo , ngexesha apho izikhuhlane ze-antibodies ziveliswa kwiiseli ezigwenxa;
- i-vitamin D engapheliyo;
- ukususwa kwe-thyroid gland ;
- ukutyhefuza kweekhemikhali (ukukhokela, i-carbon dioxide, njalo njalo);
- ukukhathazeka entanyeni, eyabangela ukubola kwesigxina;
- iinkqubo ezivuthayo ezenzeka emzimbeni;
- izinga eliphezulu lokusasazwa kwerediyo;
- intsimbi engapheliyo;
- i-metastases.
Ukugweba ukuba i-greyathy gland isebenza ngokwayo, iimpawu ziya kunceda. Bahluke phakathi kwabo kwisigaba sokuqala sesi sifo, kunye nokuqhubeka kwesifo kunye nokunqongophala okungapheliyo kwe-hormone ephazamisayo. Iimpawu ziyakhula ngokuxinzeleleka, ngenxa ye-hypothermia okanye ukugqithisa. Iimpawu zesigaba sokuqala se-hypoparathyroidism ziquka:
- ukuphazamiseka kwezitho kunye nokubetha;
- ukuphazamiseka kwimilenze okanye kwezandla;
- ukukhawuleza , okutshintshwa ngokutsha ngokutsha.
Xa isi sifo siqhubekela phambili kwiimpawu ezingentla apha, ezi zimpawu zidibanisa:
- tachycardia;
- ukucaphuka;
- i-cataract nezinye iingxaki ze-ophthalmic;
- ukuxinwa (ziyintlukwano kunye nokuhamba kakuhle);
- ezintle iintloko;
- ukukhubazeka kwememori;
- photophobia.
Xa i-pathology ithatha ifomu elingapheliyo, lihamba kunye nale miqondiso:
- ukulahlekelwa kweenwele ezinzulu;
- ukomela ukwanda kwesikhumba kunye nokukhangela;
- i-eyoti yamazinyo iyatshatyalaliswa;
- ukuhlukana kwezipikili kuphawulwe.
Ukungahambi kakuhle kwintsimbi ephazamisayo
Eli lizwe libonakaliswe ngumsebenzi okhethekileyo we "ziqithi" okanye ezinye iinxalenye zazo. Ukwandisa imveliso yehomoni ye-parathyroid kunye nokuxinwa kwe-calcium kwi-serum yegazi. Kukho i-hyperparathyroidism ephambili kunye nesibini. Iyokuqala icatshulwa ngezi zilandelayo zizathu:
- i-pathology inheritance in system endocrine;
- adenoma;
- hyperplasia;
- i-carcinoma.
I-hyperparathyroidism yesiSekondari yenzeka ngezizathu ezilandelayo:
- ukusilela kwe-calcium ne-vitamin D;
- ukufumana izidakamizwa ze-anticonbulsant;
- iziphazamiso kwi-digestive tract;
- ukungasebenzi .
Ukungahambi kakuhle kweengxaki ze-parathyroid kwinqanaba lokuqala lihamba kunye nezi zilandelayo:
- ukukhubazeka kwememori;
- intlungu emathanjeni;
- ukukhathala okukhulu;
- intloko.
I-Hyperparathyroidism ingaba neefom ezahlukeneyo:
- umthimba;
- esisisu;
- ithambo;
- neuropsychic.
I-Parathyroid gland - iimpawu zesifo kubafazi
Nasiphi na isifo kulula ukunyanga kwisigaba sokuqala. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ukuba ibhinqa libona enye okanye eminye imiqondiso yokuphuhliswa kwentsholongwane, umntu makamsondele ngokukhawuleza ne-endocrinologist. Awukwazi ukulinda - kuyingozi! Izimpawu ze-Parathyroid ze-gland zingabonakalisa iimpawu ezahlukileyo: kakhulu kuxhomekeka kwimeko yesifo esasihlasela umzimba. Bonke babonisa ingxaki enkulu.
Parathyroid hyperplasia
Le ngxaki yintsholongwane ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo ye-endocrine, ehambelana nokufihla ngokugqithiseleyo kwehomoni ye-parathyroid. Esi sifo sidibene nokunyuka kweengqungquthela zengqondo ngobukhulu. Kufunyanwe njengabantu abadala, nangobuntwaneni. Ekuqaleni kwesigaba eso sifo siphumelela ngokungaqhelekanga. Kuphela uvavanyo lwezonyango lubonisa esi sifo.
Xa i-parathyroid gland hyperplasia ithatha uhlobo olungapheliyo, izigulana zikhalaza ngale meko:
- kulala;
- intlungu ebuhlungu kumalungu;
- ukuphazamiseka kwiphepha lokutya;
- ukuhla kwamandla;
- isicaphulelo.
Ikhudlwana i-grey-grey gland iyanda, ivakaliswe ngakumbi zonke iimpawu ezi ngasentla zibonakala. I-Sprawl ye "ziqithi" iholele kwi-hypercalcemia, ehambelana nayo:
- ukukhulelwa kwegazi;
- ukuchithwa kwemineralal kwi-cornea elandelwa kukuphuhlisa i-cataract;
- iziphazamiso ezijikelezayo;
- ukungasebenzi;
- i-arthritis njalonjalo.
Adathyoma adenoma
Le ngxwaba ye-hormone yendalo enobungqina obangela umkhiqizo ogqithiseleyo wehomoni ye-parathyroid. Kula mabhinqa, esi sifo sifumaneka kwi-2, kwaye mhlawumbi amaxesha amathathu aphindwa kaninzi kunamadoda. Kwiindawo ezinobungozi obuphezulu, abafazi abaneminyaka engama-20 ukuya kuma-50. I-adenoma yeengqungquthela ze-parathyroid ihamba kunye neempawu ezilandelayo:
- ukulahleka kwesisindo;
- arthralgia;
- isicefe
- zixhala;
- ukulahleka kwesidlo;
- intlungu emathanjeni;
- ukudandatheka;
- ukulahlekelwa kwamazinyo;
- xi nzelelo;
- khulisa;
- ukwanda kwentliziyo.
I-Parathyroid gland - ukuxilongwa
Ukuqinisekisa ubukho besifo sesimo se-endocrine, ugqirha ubeka uviwo olupheleleyo. Iintlanzi ze-Parathyroid zihlolwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ezi zifo ziyimfuneko kwiimeko ezilandelayo:
- ukuxinwa kunye nezinye iimbonakalo zokunyuka kweentloni;
- ukugada kwamalungu;
- amatye eentso;
- i-osteoporosis ye-etiology engaziwa.
I-parathyroid ukucacisa
Le ndlela yophando kuze kube yiminyaka ithathwa njengeyona nto ichanekileyo. I-Parathyroid gland scintigraphy yenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-isotophi e-radioactive. Zifakwe emzimbeni kwisigulane, kwaye ngoko zixhobo zabo ezizodwa zibhalwa. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela yokuxilongwa ayivunyelwanga kubafazi abakhulelweyo, abancinci kunye nabakhulu kakhulu (ukuba ubunzima babo bungaphezu kweekhilomitha ezili-150).
I-Ultrasound ye-greyathy gland
Inkqubo yokuxilonga ayifuni uqeqesho olongezelelweyo. I-ultrasound ye-gland glands eyenziwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Isigulana sibuyiselwe kwisitya sokulala.
- I-roller ifakwa phantsi kwamagxa akhe.
- Ijel isetyenziswe kwisayithi ekufuneka ihlolwe ngayo kwaye uphando lwenziwe.
- Ukucamngca kwale mafutha aphezulu kusekwe kwisixhobo esikhethekileyo (sibonisa kwisikrini).
Uhlalutyo lwenkohliso ye-parathyroid
Inkqubo yokuxilonga enjalo ibonisa umfanekiso opheleleyo kunye othembekileyo. Ekubeni i-hormone ye-parathyroid ivelisa ama-hormone, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kukunceda ukuchonga isalathisi sale nto kwi-serum. Ngelo xesha, izifundo ezininzi zingabelwa. Igazi ngenxa yehomoni ye-parathyroid inikwe kunye nokuhlalutya kwe-phosphorus ne-calcium. Uviwo olunzulu luvumela i-endocrinologist ukuba ifumane ulwazi olupheleleyo malunga nombuso we-metabolism.
I-Parathyroid - unyango
Emva kokuvavanya ngokugqithiseleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, i-endocrinologist ichaza indlela efanelekileyo yokulwa nokugula. I-parathyroid gland ingaphathwa ngeendlela ezimbini:
- amayeza - ijoliswe ekulungiseni i-hormone;
- Ukuphanda-kuquka ukukhutshwa okupheleleyo okanye okukhethiweyo kweengqungquthela zengqondo.
Ukugxekwa kwekhosi yesi sifo kuxhomekeka kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo: uhlobo lokungasebenzi, isigaba sesifo kunye nezinye iimpawu zomzimba wesigulane. Xa i-hyperparathyroidism ngexesha lokutshatyalaliswa, abafazi banokumiselwa ezinjalo iziyobisi:
- antispasmodics;
- vitamin D;
- i-aluminium hydroxide;
- ezimbi;
- i-magnesium sulphate;
- i-chloride okanye i-sodium gluconate.
Isidakamizwa sokugqibela sijojowe ngokukhawuleza. Izigulane zenziwa maxesha amaninzi ngosuku. Ngexesha elifanayo, umkhiqizo onamayeza oqulethwe yinkcazo yezilwanyana ezinengqondo ngokunyanisekileyo imiselwe. Nangona kunjalo, unyango lwangexesha elide ngala mayeza alinakwenziwa, kuba luvelisa imveliso yamanqindi e-hormone ephazamisayo. Ngexesha lokunyanga iziyobisi, ugqirha ulawula iipamentium ze-phosphorus, i-calcium kunye ne-magnesium kumzimba wesigulane.
Ukuba i-capsule ye-parathyroid ayinakuphuhliswa, loo gland ifuna ukuvuselelwa ngaphandle. Ukuze le ngqungquthela ye-endocrino ikwazi ukumisela unyango olulandelayo:
- injongeniso ye-hormone ye-parathyroid;
- ukungenisa i-calcium kunye ne-vitamin D.
Ukusebenza kwintsimbi ye-parathyroid
Ukuba imeko ye-endocrine iyalinyanzelwanga okanye i-adenoma ifumaneka, utyando alukwazi ukunqandwa. Zonke izifo eziphazamisayo zifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo, ngoko i-endocrinologist iya kucebisa isigulane ukuba ungayithandabuzi msebenzi. Ingenelelo yokuphanda iyenziwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia jikelele. Ubude balo bunokuhluka ukusuka kwenye ukuya kwiiyure eziliqela.
Ukususwa kwePathyroid
Ngethuba lokusebenza, ugqirha uhlola iimeko "zeziqithi" kunye nezinga lokulwa kwabo. Uya kwenza konke ukukhuphela ngaphandle kwithuba lokubuyela kwakhona kwixesha elizayo. Ingenelelo yokuphanda ingenziwa ngeendlela ezilandelayo:
- Thyroidectomy.
- Ugqirha ukususa i-parathyroid gland (enye okanye amabini amabini).
- Ukupheliswa kwendawo echaphazelekayo.
Unyango lwezonyango zengqondo zabantu abathandekayo
Ngenxa yokungasebenzi kweenkqubo ze-endocrine, iindlela zonyango olongezelelweyo zingasetyenziswa. Zifanele zisetyenziswe kuphela emva kwesivumelwano kunye ne-endocrinologist. Ukuzinyonga kunobungozi, njengoko kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo engapheliyo. Ukuba, ngokomzekelo, i-adenoma ye-parathyroid ifunyaniswa, unyango kunye nezilwanyana zonyango lusebenza kuphela kwisigaba sokuqala se-pathology.
I-oat broth e-hyperfunction
Izithako:
- i-oats engaphenduliweyo - 2 tbsp. iipuni;
- 2,5% umthamo we-fat fat - 1 l;
- amanzi - 1 litre.
Ukulungiselela, sebenzisa:
- Imbewu iyancitywa ngamanzi kwaye i-oats ifakwe kwi-thumba.
- Ukunciphisa umlilo kumncinci kwaye uphelele umhluzi 3-3.5 iiyure.
- Phalala ubisi, ulethe umxube ekubiliseni.
- Susa izitya emlilweni uze ugxininise i-decoction yeeyure eziyi-8-10.
- Gxininisa iziyobisi kwaye uphuze kwiingxenye ezilinganayo yonke imini.