Ukungakhuselekanga kwindlela yintlobo ezimbini:
- iselula;
- ngongoma.
Bahlobene kakhulu, nangona benza imisebenzi eyahlukileyo.
Umsebenzi owona mkhulu wesistim somzimba wokuzikhusela sisisombululo, ukuqonda, ukuphelisa umzimba kunye nokususa emzimbeni into eyenziwa ngumntu ongeyiphi indawo, apho iindiza eziphilayo , iibhaktheriya , i-toxins, i-fungi, iiseli zesisu kunye neeseli ezifakelwayo ziyakwenza. Kwaye inkqubo iyakwazi ukukhumbula amaseli enenzondo ukuze ahlangane kwakhona, ukuze bakwazi ukukhawuleza.
Yintoni yokuzikhusela komzimba?
Igama elithi "uhlazo" livela kwigama elihle, eliguqulela njengelwelo, umswakama. Kule meko, kuthetha itywala emzimbeni:
- igazi;
- mathe;
- i-lymph, nabanye.
Ukuzikhusela komzimba kunempawu ezithile. Umsebenzi wayo kukubona nokutshabalalisa ibhaktheriya egazini nakwi-extracellular space. Ukubonelela olu hlobo lwe-B-lymphocyte ye-immune. Xa i-lymphocytes idibana nama-antigens, aya kwi-bone marrow, i- lymph nodes , i-spleen, i-intestine encinci neyincinci, iifoni kwi-pharynx nakweminye imimandla. Apho bahlula ngokutshatyalaliswa kwaye baguqule babe ngamaseli e-plasma. I-B-lymphocytes ivelisa izixhobo zamathambo okanye ezinye i-immunoglobulins - iiprotheni ezakhiweyo "ezinamathele" kumaziko angaphandle - ibhaktheriya, ii-virus. Ngaloo ndlela, i-immunoglobulins iyabakhangisa, ibenze ibonakale kwiiseli ze-plasma ezonakalisa iintsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya ezingena emzimbeni.
Kukho iintlobo ezintlanu ze-immunoglobulins:
- A (Ig);
- D (Ig D);
- E (Ig E);
- G (IgG);
- M (Ig M).
Ewonke, i-lymphocytes enjalo emzimbeni i-15% yazo zonke ezikhoyo.
Iimpawu zokhuseleko lomzimba
Ngaphantsi kwezibonakaliso ze-immoral immunity kubhekiselelwe kumlinganiselo wokhuselo lomzimba kunye nezinye izixhobo ezibandakanyeka ekukhuseleni umzimba kwizinto zangaphandle, kunye nendlela ekusebenzeni ngayo amanqaku ahlukeneyo kunye namanzi asemzimbeni.
Ukudlobongela kwe-immunity immunity
Ukuvavanya i-immoral immunity kunye nokuchonga okungaqhelekanga, uhlalutyo lwenziwe-i-immunogram. Kule meko, umxholo we-immunoglobulins weeklasi A, M, G, E kunye nenombolo ye-B-lymphocyte inqunywe, kunye neendleko ze-interferon kunye nesistim sokubonga emva kokuphefumula.
Kulo hlalutyo, igazi lithathwe kwi-vein. Ngaphambi komhla, akukhuthazwa ukuba ulayishe umzimba ngokugqithisa umzimba, ungadli utywala kwaye ungabambi. Igazi lizinikela kusasa ngesisu esingenalutho emva kweeyure eziyi-8 zokuzila ukudla, kuvunyelwe ukusela kuphela amanzi.