I-Hemangioma kwiintsana - ukuba njani ukwahlula kwi-mole kunye nento enokuyenza?

Phantse i-3% yabantwana izalwe ngendawo ebomvu ebomvu ebusweni okanye entloko, kwaye i-10% yabantwana iyakhiwa ngunyaka wokuqala wobomi. Le hemangioma iyisisu esinesifo esakhiwa ngamaseli adibanisa iindonga zemithambo yegazi. I-Neoplasm isondele ekuhlaleni ngokuzimeleyo.

I-Hemangioma kwiintsana - iintsholongwane

Akukacaci ukuba kutheni i-pathology ibonakala kubantwana. Ngokuqinisekileyo, i-hemangioma kwiintsana ezisezintwaneni zenziwa kwinqanaba le-embryonic malunga nesiphumo sokuveliswa okungavumelekanga kwemithambo yegazi. Oku kungabangelwa ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza athile ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ukudluliselwa kwentsholongwane yokuphefumula kunye neentsholongwane zebhaktheriya .

Kukho ezinye izinto ezinokubangela i-hemangioma kwiintsana, izizathu ziimeko ezinobungozi okanye ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinobuthi ngumama. Izifundo zakutsha zibonise ukuba i-tumor enesifo esicatshangelwayo ingabangelwa yimingxubusho ye-hormonal, ingakumbi ukuba ibhinqa liyinsikazi.

Iintlobo ze-hemangiomas kwiintsana

Ukwahlula kwe-neoplasm echazwe ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zayo zokuziphatha. I-Hemangioma kubantwana ihlukaniswe ngala manqaku:

• elula ( capillary );
• cavernous ( cavernous );
• edibeneyo (ehlangeneyo).

I-Capillary hemangioma ezisanda kuzalwa

Olu hlobo lwe-tumor ephathekayo luquka iiseli ezibandakanya izindonga zangaphakathi zemithambo yegazi. I-hemangioma elula ebusweni bomntwana (okanye entloko) ayikho ngaphaya kwe-epidermal layer. Inemida ecacileyo, isakhiwo esicacileyo okanye esicacileyo. Ukuba ucinezela kwi-tumor, iya kuphahlazeka, kwaye ngokukhawuleza ubuyisele impawu yayo, i-purple-bluish, umbala.

Cavernous hemangioma kwiintsana

Ifomu le cavernous le sifo liphantsi kwesikhumba. Iqulethwe ngamagumbi amaninzi azaliswe ngegazi. I-cavernous hemangioma ezisanda kuzalwa zibukeka njenge-tubercle ye-cyanotic ene-soft and elastic structure. Xa uxinzelelo lisetyenziselwa isigulane, luyahla kwaye lube lubala ngenxa yokuphuma kwegazi ukusuka emagumbini. Ukuba umntwana ukhwehlela, izilonda, okanye nayiphi na ingcinezelo eyenzeka ngokunyuka kwengcinezelo, ukukhula kwanda ngobukhulu.

I-hemangioma ehlanganisiweyo kwiintsana

Ukuxhatshazwa kwezilwanyana ezixubileyo kudibanisa iimpawu zesifo esilula kunye ne-caverous. I-Cavernous-vascular hemangioma kubantwana ayifaki nje kuphela iiseli zeendonga ze-capillary, kodwa nakwezinye izicubu:

• utyhafile;
• ukudibanisa;
• lymphoid.

I-hemangioma ehlanganisiweyo kwiintsana zineziqulatho ezingenanto kunye nendawo engaphantsi. Iyakwazi ukuphucula ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:

• angioneuroma;
• hemlymphangioma;
• angiofibroma kunye nabanye.

Hemangioma - iimpawu

Umfanekiso wekliniki we-neoplasm ephathekayo uqobo, ngoko ke ufumaneka ngokulula ukuba uviwo kunye ne-dermatologist. I-hemangioma ibukeka njani kwiintsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa kuxhomekeke kwindlela yayo:

1. I- tubercle ye-burgundy bluish elula kunye neengcambu ezicacileyo kunye nesakhiwo se-knobby, esifana ne-wart.
2. I-Cavernous - ukuvuvukala komgca we-cyanotic umbala. Ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba le hemangioma ibukeka njani kwiintsana ezisanda kuzalwa, isithombe esezantsi.
3. Ukuxutywa - i-neoplasm, ephantsi kwesikhumba, ibonakala ifana ne-capillary shape.

Ukwahlula njani i-hemangioma ukusuka kwisikhumbuzo sokuzalwa?

Kunzima kubazali ukuzimela ngokuzimeleyo ngokuchazwa kwesifo se-tumor nezinye iziphoso zesikhumba. I-Hemangioma yolusu kwiintsana ezinokubeleka zinokufana ne-nevus enkulu (birthmark), i- birthmark okanye i-wart. Kuye ukusuka kule mizobo engathandekiyo, kufuneka ubeke ingcinezelo encinane kwi-tubercle. I-Hemangioma iguquka ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokuphuma kwegazi, kodwa iya kubuyiselwa ngokukhawuleza umbala wayo. Iziphoso eziseleyo zesikhumba ziya kuhlala zibe mthunzi ofanayo. Iimpawu ezongezelelweyo kukuba ukushisa kwe-tumor kuphakame kakhulu kuneendawo ezikufutshane.

Iingxaki ze-hemangioma kubantwana

I-neoplasm ye-Benign ayikho nto ibangela iziphumo eziyingozi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-hemangioma ye-hemangioma ezisanda kuzalwa ayinabuhlungu kwaye ayinyuswanga ngobukhulu. Ngokungaqhelekanga iqala ukukhula kwaye ikhokelela kwiinkathazo ezinjalo:

• ukuphuma kumxhatshazo;
• usulelo lwe-tumor, ukuxhaswa;
• ukunyanzeliswa kwezicubu ezikufutshane kunye nezakhiwo zendalo, ukuphulwa kwemisebenzi yabo;
• isilonda se-neoplasm;
• i-necrosis (efa) yesikhumba.

Indlela yokuphatha i-hemangioma kwiintsana?

Ukuba umntwana ufunyaniswa ngesimo esilula sesi sifo, i-tumor iqulethe kuphela iiseli zesistim kwaye ayilungele ukukhula ngokukhawuleza, ukulinda nokubona amaqhinga asetyenziswayo. Olu hlobo lwe-neoplasm luqhuba nje iliso rhoqo. Kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba ayinyuli kwisayizi okanye ikhule ngokukhawuleza, ngokumalunga nomzimba wengane entsha.

Ininzi i-hemangiomas ye-capillary ichithe ngokuzimeleyo njengoko umntwana ekhula. Ukunyanzeliswa ngokukhawuleza kwenzeka kancane kancane. Okokuqala, phakathi kweso sikhomba kubonakala kwimibala eluhlaza, kufuphi nombala kumthunzi oqhelekileyo wesikhumba. Banda, bafikelela kwimida yomda owakhiwe. Kwiminyaka embalwa i-neoplasm iya kuba yincinci kwaye iphela iphele ngo-3-7.

Nge-cavernous and mixed-pathology, unyango olukhulu lwe-hemangioma kubantwana luboniswa. Amashishini osebenzayo anqunywe kuphela ukususela kwiinyanga ezi-3, uncedo olunqabile oluncinci olwenziwe kwintsana (ukusuka kwiiveki ezi-4 ukuya ku-5 zobomi). Ngokuxhomekeka kwimeko yesiqhelo yomzimba, uhlobo lwesifo, ubungakanani balo kunye nokukhula kweendlela, ugqirha uya kucebisa ukuhluka okuthe ngqo kokusebenza:

• kutyhila;
• ukucinywa;
• electrocoagulation;
• ukususwa kwelasi;
• ukugqithwa.

I-sclerotherapy ye-hemangioma kubantwana

Le ndlela yokonyango ibhekwa njengona nto ininzi, kodwa idinga ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo ezininzi. I-Sclerotherapy inqunywe xa i-hemangioma ifunyaniswa kubantwana abangaphantsi komnyaka omnye, itholakala kwiimbrane ezinobumba, ubuso okanye indawo ye-parotid, inomlinganiselo omncinci. Ekubeni kweso sikhulu esikhulu kwiintsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa, le nqubo ayifanelekanga ngenxa yomngcipheko wokuloba kunye nezilonda kwesikhumba.

I-Sclerotherapy yenziwa ngamanyathelo:

1. Ukulungiselela. Indawo ephathwayo iyacinywa kunye nesisombululo se-antiseptic, alcohol or iodine.
2. Anesthesia. Ulusu lutyutywe nge-anesthetic yendawo.
3. Isingeniso se-sclerosant. I-substance esebenzayo ininzi yotywala (70%) okanye i-sodium salicylate (25%). Ngokuqhelekileyo abantwana banikwe i-quinine urethane. Esi sidakamizwa sinobuchule obuphezulu bokubala, kodwa luyingozi kakhulu, ingakumbi ukuba umntwana usana olutsha. Izigulane zenziwe ngeenaliti ezincinci (0.2-0.5 mm). Ukusetyenziswa kwamanye amajlisi ambalwa ayenziwa, ixabiso lawo libalwe ngokuhambelana nobukhulu besisu esinomdla.
4. Ukuvutha. Emva kwe-sclerosing, iinqanawa zivutha kwaye zithinteka, zitshintshwe ngamathambo axhumeneyo. Le nkqubo ithatha iintsuku ezingama-7 ukuya kwe-10, kwaye ukuvuvukala kwehla.
5. Phinda inkqubo. Kuze kubekho ukuhlaziywa ngokugqibeleleyo kwe-neoplasm, iilenki ezi-3 ukuya kwe-15 ziyadingeka.

Ukukhutshwa kwe-hemangioma

Inkqubo echazwe yonyango lwe-tumor kwiintsana ifikelele ngokukhawuleza kwaye ingabi nantlungu, kodwa ibandakanya ezinye iingxaki. Ngomncedisi wokukhutshwa, i-hemangioma isuswe kubantwana ukuya kunyaka ukuba i-neoplasm ayikho ebusweni. Emva kokuvezwa kwe-nitrojeni yamanzi, uboya obonakalayo buhlala phezu kwesikhumba, kunye ne-seal convex, eya kufuneka isuswe yi-laser ekuvukeni kwithuba elizayo.

Inkqubo yokukhutshwa komsebenzi:

1. Unyango lwe-Antiseptic. I-Hemangioma isuswe ngotywala okanye isisombululo se-iodine.
2. Ukukhupha. Nge-cannula encinci, i-jet ye-nitrojeni yamanzi inikwe i-neoplasm imizuzwana engama-3-10, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu besisu.
3. Ukutshabalaliswa kwe-hemangioma. Emva kokukhawulelwa, i-blister enezinto ezingenakunqununu yenziwa kwindawo engaphumeleliyo. Le yinkqubo eqhelekileyo yokunyamalala kwe-neoplasm nokufa kwemithambo yegazi.
4. Ukubuyisela. Kancinci i-blister iba yincinci kwaye ivule ngokukhawuleza. Endaweni yayo iifom ezinomthamo.
5. Ku philisa. Ngethuba lokuvuselela, kubalulekile ukunyanga isilonda ngokumisa izisombululo zokuxhatshazwa. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba udibanise i-handles entsha okanye ubeke emitens ukuze umntwana angabhubhisi i-crusts. Bamele bawa phantsi.

I-electrocoagulation ye-hemangioma

Ukugqatswa kokutshatyalaliswa kuthathwa njengenye yeendlela eziphambili kunye ezikhawulezileyo zokulwa nesifo esibi. Ngokuncedwa kwe-electrocoagulation, kuphela i-hemangioma elula (elula) iintsholongwane iphathwa, ukususwa kwe-cavernous okanye i-neoplasm edibeneyo kufezekiswa ngezinye iindlela. Iingenelelo zobuncwane obubhekiselwe kulo mbuzo ziyakwenzeka ukuphelisa i-tumor kwiseshoni esisodwa, ubuncinane ubuncipheko bokusuleleka kwintsholongwane kunye nokuphulukiswa ngokukhawuleza.

Inkqubo ye-Electrocoagulation:

1. Unyango lwe-antiseptic yolusu. Ngokuqhelekileyo utywala okanye iodode isetyenziswa.
2. Anesthesia yendawo. Kuloo ndawo kunye ne-hemangioma, ii-injection eziliqela kunye ne-anesthetic zenziwe.
3. Ukususwa. Ngokusebenzisa umbhobho wensimbi ngesimo se-loop, ugqirha ugqirha i-tumor ngesantya sombane iminyaka emi-1-5, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu besiphene.
4. Ku hlaziywa. Kwindawo ephathwayo, phantse kwangoko isilonda senziwe, sihlanganiswe ngendwangu. Ayikwazi ukususwa, umntwana osandul 'utsha uya kufuneka afake izandla.

Ukususwa kwe-hemangioma yile laser kubantwana

Indlela echazwe ngayo yonyango ikhuselekileyo kwaye iphumelele kakhulu kwiimvumi eziphezu kwesikhumba sentsana. Ukususwa kwe-hemangioma kubantwana ngabaselisi kunokwenziwa nayiphi na iminyaka, nokuba umntwana usana olusandul 'ukuzalwa (ukusuka kwenyanga yokuqala). Le teknoloji inikeza umphumo oyifunayo kwiseseshoni, ayikhokelela ekubunjweni kwezikrakra kwaye inqanda ukuhlaziywa kwezilwanyana.

Indlela yokwenza isilathisi yomswakama ukutshatyalaliswa kunye nokunyonga kwegazi kwiinqanawa. Iindonga zabo zihlanganiswe ndawonye, ​​kwaye i-capillaries eyonakalisiwe iyancipha kancane kancane.

Amanyathelo okuphathwa:

1. Unyango lwe-antiseptic yolusu.
2. I-anesthesia yasemakhaya eneenjini ze-anesthetic.
3. Irradiation ye-tumor ene-laser beam.
4. Faka isicelo sebhanki engumzimba kumatshini okuphulukisa.
5. Ukuhlaziywa kwesisu. Ngethuba lexesha lokuvuselela, abazali bazalwa ngokutsha kufuneka baphathe rhoqo isilonda kunye nama-antiseptics anqunyiwe, sebenzisa izixhobo zokuphulukisa okanye amafutha, musa ukuvumela umntwana ukuba ahluthe iikrushti.

Ukususwa kwe-hemangioma

Indlela yokuqhelana nayo isetyenziselwa kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, xa isakhiwo esitsha singekho kwindawo yolusu, kodwa kwiindawo zayo ezinzulu. Ngaphambi kokususa i-hemangioma kubantwana abane-scalpel, ugqirha unakho ukucebisa iinkqubo zokulungiselela okanye ukuchonga ukunciphisa ubungakanani bakha.

Amanyathelo okusebenza:

1. Anesthesia. Ngokuxhomekeka kubukhulu besiphene, i-anesthesia yendawo okanye jikelele isetyenziswa.
2. Ukucabangela. Ukusebenzisa isalfel, ugqirha uyakunciphisa i-hemangioma kunye noqweqwe oluncinci lwezilwanyana eziphilileyo ezikulo ukukhusela ukubola kwakhona.
3. Ukuhlamba, unyango lwe-antiseptic yesilonda.
4. Ukusebenzisa ibhanti engumzimba onamagciwane okulwa ne-antibacterial and healing.
5. Ixesha lokubuyisela. Ukubuyiselwa kungadlulela iiveki ezimbalwa. Ngokunyamekela umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa, akukho zixhobo okanye ziphantse zingabonakali.