Isifo senhliziyo esiswelekileyo ebantwaneni - ngaba abazali benzani?

Ukuphuhliswa kwe-intrauterine ye-fetus ngezinye izikhathi kuhamba kakubi, okukhokelela ekutshintsheni kwintsholongwane kwisakhiwo sezinye iziko. Phantse i-1% yabantwana bazalwa ngesifo senhliziyo esiswini. Leli liqela lezifo ezinobungozi ezifuna unyango olunzulu ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Kutheni abantwana bezalwa benesifo senhliziyo?

Into ephambili ebangela ingxaki ekubhekiselwe kuyo yi-heredity (i-gene gene okanye i-chromosomal change). Kwiimeko ezininzi, izimo zangaphandle ezingekho phantsi kweyona nto yindlela yokwenza utshintsho. Isifo senhliziyo esiswelekileyo ebantwaneni - izizathu:

• ukuchithwa kwimizila emisebe yelanga;
• ukusetyenziswa ngumama ozayo kotywala okanye i-chemical compounds;
• ukutshaya;
• ehlala kwindawo enezinto eziphilayo ezihluphekileyo;
• ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza athile ngexesha lokukhulelwa;
• uneminyaka engama-45;
• Isiganga esinamandla sokutywala i-toxicosis ngethuba lokugaya;
• umsebenzi wobugcisa, ochaphazela kakubi impilo yabazali.

Kungenzeka ukuba iintlungu zentliziyo ebantwini, abanomama abanezi zifo zilandelayo:

• isifo sikashukela;
• rubella ;
• adenovirus;
• inkukhu;
• i-serum hepatitis;
• herpes simplex;
• listeriosis;
• i-syphilis;
• isifo sofuba;
• cytomegal;
• i-toxo kunye ne-mycoplasmosis;
• iingxaki ze-endocrine;
• lupus erythematosus;
• phenylketonuria.

Iintsilelo zentliziyo kubantwana - ukuhlelwa

I-cardiologists ihlula i-pathologies echazwe kumaqela amathathu. Iyokuqala iquka nantoni na isifo senhliziyo kubantwana, esibonakaliswe ngobungqina bokuba kususwe igazi kwi-ventricles. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo ziyi-armonary artery, u-stenosis yokuzalwa kunye nokubambisana kwe-aorta. Amaqela amabini asele aquka isibalo esikhulu sezifo, kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokubanzi.

Isifo senhliziyo

Olu hlobo lwesifo lubizwa ngokuba lumhlophe. Ngaloo ntsholongwane yokubeletha, igazi legazi elixhamlayo alixubeki negazi elijikelezayo, likhutshwa ukusuka kwicala lasekhohlo lentliziyo ukuya kwesokudla. Ezi ziquka:

• iiphene ze-interpretrical septa;
• i-arterial conduit;
• uqhagamshelwano lwe-AV lokuzalwa;
• migaqo;
• stenosis;
• i siphene;
• dystopia .

Abantwana abazalwa benesiphako seentliziyo zolu hlobo oluchazwe, bakha emva kokukhula ngokwenyama, ngokukodwa kwinqanaba elincinane le-trunk. Ngokusondele ekufikeni (iminyaka engama-10-12), baqala ukuva iintlungu ezibuhlungu kwiimida kunye nesisu, zixhamla kwisisu kunye ne-dyspnea. Esi sifo siphuthuma ngokukhawuleza kwaye sifuna unyango olufanelekileyo lwenkqubo.

Isifo senhliziyo esisiBlue

Igama leli qela le-pathologies yobungqingili linxulumene nekontoni yesikhumba ebonakalayo ekuphuhlisweni kwesi sifo. Ukuba umntwana uzalwe ngesifo senhliziyo yesimo esicatshulwayo, unomlomo kunye nobuso, umthunzi we-nail we-nail plates. Olu hlobo lwesifo lubandakanya izifo ezilandelayo:

• Eisenmenger;
• triad, tetralogy of Fallot;
• ukuguqulwa okupheleleyo kweenqanawa;
• Ebstein anomaly;
• isiqhelo esivamile;
• i-atresia ye-valve ye-tricuspid.

Isifo senhliziyo emantwaneni - iimpawu

Ukubonakaliswa kweklinikhi yeqela elinikeziweyo le-pathologies kuxhomekeke kwimihlobo yabo, ixesha lokuqhubela phambili kunye nokuphuhliswa kwe-circulation flow and the nature of disorders of hemodynamic. Ukukhubazeka kwentliziyo yabantwana abaselula banempawu ezilandelayo:

• i-cyanosis okanye i-pallor yesikhumba kunye ne-membranes;
• uxhalaba;
• ukuyeka isifuba;
• ukukhathala ngokukhawuleza emva kokuqala kokusana;
• ukuwohloka komgangatho wobuthongo;
• ukukhala rhoqo;
• eziphelileyo .

Iimpawu zesifo senhliziyo kubantwana zanda ngokukhula. Umdala usana luba, ukubonakaliswa ngakumbi kwezi zibonakaliso zesifo:

• ukuguga ekuphuculeni ngokomzimba;
• intlungu kwisifuba, intloko;
• ukuvuvukala;
• Iqondo lentambo liyehla;
• ukuphefumula okufutshane;
• ukukhupha;
• tachycardia;
• i-arrhythmias;
• ukuvuvukala kweenqanawa;
• ukuguquka kwesifuba;
• ukungazinzi kwengcinezelo yegazi;
• ukungcola;
• ukunganakwa nokunyaniseka;
• buthathaka.

Ukuxilongwa kwesifo senhliziyo esiswini kubantwana

Uphando olutshanje lwezoxhobo lukunceda ukuchonga ingxaki ephantsi kwengqalelo. Ngokuxhomekeka kwimeko ekulindelekileyo yesifo, ukuxilongwa kwesifo senhliziyo kubantwana kubandakanya:

• electrocardiogram;
• hlaziya i radiography;
• i-echocardiography (ngamanye amaxesha nge-dopplerography);
• ukucatshulwa kwemifanekiso yamagnetic kunye ne-tomography;
• uconocardiography;
• i-angiography;
• ukukhala.

Indlela yokuphatha isifo senhliziyo kubantwana?

Zonke iindlela zonyango ezichazwe kwiqela lezifo zihlulwe zibe zizinzileyo kwaye zizinzileyo. Ukunyanga okuphambanayo kweentliziyo zentliziyo ebantwini ngokuqhelekileyo kukuphela kwendlela yokugcina ubomi bomntwana, ngoko utyando luyenziwa ngethuba lokuphuhliswa kwe-intrauterine kwaye emva nje kokuzalwa. Kwiintlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi kunye neengxubevange ze-pathology, ukufakelwa komzimba okunempilo kuyadingeka.

Unyango lwezonyango zesifo senhliziyo kubantwana luyonyango okanye uphawu oluxhasayo kunyango lokungenelela. Indlela yokulondolozwa kwempahla isetyenziselwa ikakhulu iifom ezifayo zesifo, ngamanye amaxesha iindlela ezizodwa kufuneka zithathwe rhoqo. Kuphela isifo se-cardiologist esifanelekileyo singenza isicwangciso sochanekileyo sonyango kwaye sithathe imishanguzo efanelekileyo.

Ubomi babantwana abanesifo senhliziyo

Ukuxeliswa kwezi ngxaki kuxhomekeke ekufikeleleni kokufunyanwa kwesi sifo kunye nokuqaliswa kweyeza. Ngokwezibalo zokufa phakathi kweentsana zonyaka wokuqala wobomi, ukukhubazeka kwentliziyo ebantwaneni kubasemagunyeni aphezulu, ukusuka kule ntsholongwane malunga ne-75% yabantwana abafa. Ukuba eso sifo safunyaniswa kwisigaba sokuqala sokuqhubela phambili, kwaye isifo se-cardiologist sichaze unyango osebenzayo, izibikezelo ziyamkeleka.

Ukunyamekela abantwana abaneziphene zentliziyo ihlelwe kwiziko lempilo. Umntwana ufakwa kwinkqubo yokunyamekela ngokunyanisekileyo kunye nokubonakala kokukhanya nokukhanya. Ukugcina urhulumente oqhelekileyo:

• ukondla nge probe;
• unikezelo lwe-oksijini (ukuba kuyimfuneko);
• utshintsho lwesimo somzimba rhoqo iiyure ezingama-2;
• Ukubeka esweni rhoqo ukushisa komzimba, uxinzelelo, izinga lentliziyo kunye nokunyakaza okuphefumulayo.

Ekhaya, abazali kufuneka bajonge ukulalisa komntwana ukukhusela i-dyspnoea kunye ne-cyanosis. Ukutya oku kubantwana kufuneka kudla ngokuthe ngcembe, kusetyenziswe kwisifuba okanye ukunikezela ibhotile kwindawo yokuqala yokulamba. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa iincinci ezikhethiweyo ezikhethekileyo ezenzelwe iintsana zakudala. Kubalulekile ukuba kaninzi ukuncedisa i-regurgitate encinci, ngokukodwa xa kunesondlo sokufakelwa.

Ukuthintela isifo senhliziyo esiswini kubantwana

Indlela ephambili yokukhusela ukuphuhliswa kwezifo ezithe zavela ebusweni kukupheliswa kwazo zonke izinto ezibangelwa ingozi. Umama ozayo kufuneka:

1. Gcina indlela yokuphila enempilweni.
2. Ukugonya kwi-pathologies pathologies.
3. Cwangcisa ngokucophelela ukukhulelwa kwakho .
4. Yiya kuzo zonke iiseshoni zokuxilonga ngaphambi kokubeletha.
5. Ukunciphisa (ukuba kunokwenzeka) ekuthathweni kwamachiza.

Ukuba elinye lamalungu entsapho linempilo efana neyowesifazane okanye umntu, umngcipheko wokukhulelwa komntwana ngesifo esicatshulwayo kakhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo ezinjalo iintsana zizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kwaye isifo senhliziyo esiswini esasingaphantsi kwintsholongwane kunqabile kakhulu kunyango. Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha bayacetyiswa ukuba baqikelele kwangaphambili kwaye bacinge ngokucophelela ngokufuna ukuzala.