Ukugqithisa kwe-potassium kwi-plasma yegazi kubangela ukuphuhliswa kweengxaki ezahlukeneyo. Iimpawu ze hyperkalemia ziqhetseba, ngoko akulula ukuxilonga isifo ngexesha. Kukho iindlela ezimbini ezichanekileyo zokumisela i-hyperkalemia-ECG kunye nokuhlolwa kwegazi.
Izizathu ezibalulekileyo ze hyperkalemia
Ukugqithisa kwe-potassium ekudleni kubangela ukuba i-hyperkalemia ibe yinto encinane kakhulu. Umzimba wethu unako ukulawula umlinganiselo we-macronutrient ezithathwayo ekudleni, kwaye ukuba i-potassium ininzi kakhulu, ayifumananga, uyisuse ngokukhawuleza ngomchamo. Ngoko ke, ukuba uvavanyo lwegazi lubonisa umxholo we-K ongaphezu kwe-5.5 mmol ngeyure nganye, mhlawumbi iintso ziyahluleka ukujamelana nomsebenzi. Ewe, ukuba isifo asibangelwa ukuthatha imithi ethile.
Ezinye iintlobo zamachiza zikhuthaza ukukhululwa kwe-potassium kwiiseli zomzimba wethu kwisithuba se-intercellular, ezikhokelela kwi-hyperkalemia. Okokuqala, sithetha nge-beta-blockers, iziyobisi zokunyanga i-pneumonia kwizigulane zikaGawulayo, i-Trimethoprim, i-Pentamidine kunye nezinye iziyobisi.
Ngokuqhelekileyo ukwanda kwinqanaba le-potassium lidibene nezifo zengaphakathi zangaphakathi njenge:
- i-leukemia kunye neukocytosis ;
- nephrite;
- i-anemia yegciwane-iseli;
- nephropathy;
- ukuphazamiseka kwendlela yokucoca;
- utywala;
- acidosis;
- isifo soxhatshazo lwesifo;
- ukukhubazeka kwexesha lomzimba.
Kwakhona, i-hyperkalemia ingahlakulela ngesifo sikashukela kunye nokuzikhandla komzimba. Ngaphezu koko, kwimeko yokugqibela, i-hyperkalemia eyingozi, i-hypokalemia engapheliyo ivela rhoqo.
Iimpawu ze hyperkalemia
Ukugqithiswa kwe-potassium egazini kunokubonakaliswa yimpawu:
- zixhala;
- intliziyo yeengxaki zesifo;
- malaise jikelele;
- intloko;
- imisipha yomzimba;
- ukubonisa intlungu kwiimisipha;
- ukungabi nesidlo;
- ukucoca rhoqo;
- isicaphulelo.
Ezi zibonakaliso ze-hyperkalemia azibonakali zibonakaliswa kwaye azikho konke. Sinokuyifumanisa njani le sifo kwimeko?
Ngokuqhelekileyo, kunye ne-hyperkalemia, kukho impawu ebonakalayo njengobuthakathaka obuthathaka kunye nokungaphumeleli kokuphefumula. Ukuba kunzima kuwe nokuba ulethe indebe emlonyeni wakho, okanye i-diaphragm ayiwa phantsi ngokwaneleyo ukuba ithathe umoya ophefumlelweyo, inqanda ukuqokelela imiphunga epheleleyo yomoya, oku kubonisa isifo.
Ngenxa yokuba umxholo we potassium egazini uchaphazela ngqo ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwemisipha yenhliziyo, i-hyperkalemia enhle kakhulu ibonakala kwi- ECG . Ngokuncedwa kwe-cardiogram kunokwenzeka ukuchonga kokubili ubuninzi kunye nokusilela kwesi sikhokelo. Iimpawu ze hyperkalemia kwi-ECG ziyabonakala ngokubonakalayo kwii-T ezigxinwe ngamazinyo. Oku bubungqina bokugula. Ukuba isifo sele sidlulile kwisigaba esiphakathi, ixesha lePQ liyakwandiswa kwi-cardiogram kwaye i-QRS isakhiba ngakumbi. Ngexesha elifanayo i-AV ibambe iyancipha kwaye, kwiimeko ezinzima, iinyo leP. liyalala. Ijika eliqhelekileyo liqala ukufana ne-sinusoid. Kulo
I-hypokalemia cardiologists iya kugcina umfanekiso ohluke ngokupheleleyo - i-D inothsti kunye ne-amplitude yezinyo ze-U kukhula. Ngoncedo lwe-cardiogram ukuba ukuxilongwa kwesi sifo kulula ukuyiqonda. Kwaye ukuhlolwa kwegazi akusoloko kuqinisekiswa kwesi sifo. Inyaniso kukuba nge-sampuli yegazi, i-hyperkalemia yamanga idlalwa rhoqo. Ekubeni ukuhlalutya kuthathwa kwi-vein, kukuxinzelelo oluthile lomzimba, kunye ne-potassium ifihliwe kwiiseli ngokungabandakanyiyo kwi-intercellular space. Kwakhona, imbangela yokwanda kwenyalo yale nxalenye ekulu egazini ingaba ithenketiti egxininiswe ingalo, okanye izambatho ezinzima kakhulu.