Ngaba sivame ukuva malunga nokungahambisani namalungelo abantu abaselula, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezithile bakhunjulwa emva kwecala labo elilandelayo eliphezulu. Kodwa emva kwayo yonke into, intombazana kufuneka ikwazi ukuba yiliphi ilungelo elinawo kwintsapho kunye nesikolo, umntu akakwazi ukukhumbula isidingo semfundo kule ndawo kuphela ngexesha lokutyhila ukuphulwa kwabo ngokukrakra. Ngaphandle koko, luhlobo luni lokukhusela kunye nokugcinwa kwamalungelo abantwana kunye nentsha yeselula inokuthi, ukuba abantwana abanalo naluphi na ulwazi ngamalungelo abo? Ngendlela, ngelixa singabantu abadala, ngaphandle kweengcamango ezingaqhelekanga malunga nelungelo lobomi, sinokuthi yintoni amalungelo omntwana osemtsha? Kubonakala ukuba akunjalo, kuba kuzo zonke iinyathelo ziphulwa, ngokukodwa malunga nemicimbi yengqesho kunye namalungelo abasebenzi abaselula. Ngoko uluphi uhlobo lwamalungelo umntwana osemtsha?
I-UN Convention iqinisekisa amalungelo alandelayo:
- ilungelo lokuzalwa - ukuzalwa, ukuhlala kunye neenkonzo zonyango ezifikelelekayo;
- ilungelo lokuphuhliswa-imfundo, ukuzonwabisa, ukuzonwabisa nokuthatha inxaxheba kwimpilo yenkcubeko;
- ilungelo lokukhusela - ukunakekela iinkedama, ababaleki, kunye nokukhuselwa ekuthengeni nasekusebenziseni iziyobisi;
- unelungelo lokuthabatha inxaxheba ebomini kuluntu-ukuqinisekisa inkululeko yokuthetha, inkolo, isazela.
Amalungelo eselula esikolweni
Amalungelo omntwana esikolweni awaphelelwanga ilungelo lokufumana imfundo yamahhala. Umntwana oselula naye unelungelo loku:
- ukubonelela ngeencwadi kwiimali zeelayibrari zesikolo;
- ukhetho lweziko lemfundo kunye nenkqubo yemfundo;
- uncedo lwabafundi kunye neengqondo;
- ukudluliselwa kwelinye iziko lemfundo;
- inkululeko yokuthetha kunye nentlonelo yeenkolelo zakhe;
- ukushiya isiko ukugqiba imfundo yesibini kwiminyaka eyi-15, kunye nemvume yabazali;
- uqeqesho kwiimeko eziqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwazo, kwaye zidibana neemfuno zanamhlanje kunye nemigangatho yoqeqesho;
- inxaxheba ngokuzithandela ekuphuculweni kwesikolo;
- Ukubamba iintlanganiso kunye neengqungquthela ngexesha lexesha elongezelelweyo kwikharityhulam xa kunokukrokrelwa kokuphulwa kwamalungelo abo;
- ukudala imibutho kawonkewonke esikolweni, ukususela kwiminyaka eyi-8.
Amalungelo omntwana osetsheni kwintsapho
Ngaphandle kwemvume yabazali, abantwana abaneminyaka engama-6-14 abanelungelo lokwenza imali encinci yezindlu, ukuhlawula imali ehlinzekwa ngabagadi okanye ngabazali kunye nokuqhuba intsebenzo eya kuba yinzuzo ngaphandle kweendleko zemali.
Emva kokufikelela kwiminyaka eyi-14, amalungelo olutsha akhula. Ngoku unelungelo lokulahla imali yakhe (ukufundiswa kwemali, ukufumana imali okanye enye ingeniso); ukunandipha onke amalungelo abalobi bemisebenzi yobugcisa, isayensi, uncwadi okanye uveliso; utyalo imali kwi-akhawunti yebhanki kwaye ulahla ngokwabo ngokwengqiqo.
Amalungelo omsebenzi womntwana osemtsha
Ingqesho inokwenzeka ukusuka kwiminyaka eyi-14 kunye nemvume yabazali kunye nemanyano yabasebenzi. Umqeshi ebusweni beendawo zokusebenzela unyanzelekile ukuba athathe umncinci ukusebenza. Incinci inelungelo lokuqatshelwa njengengasebenzi xa ifikelela kwiminyaka eyi-16. Ngabantwana, isivumelwano esipheleleyo sokuxanduva asipheli, kwaye abavunyelwe ukuba banike iimvavanyo xa beqesha. Kwakhona, intombazana ayikwazi ukuqeshwa kunye nexesha lokuvavanya kweenyanga ezingaphezu kwe-3, ngokuvumelana nemanyano yabasebenzi, ixesha lokuvalelwa lingenwe kwiinyanga ezintandathu. Akunqunywanga ukuvuma abantwana ukuba basebenze ngokumalunga nokulimaza kunye