Ubulumko bunjani, nokuba ubukho bayo bunokuchaphazela njani ukuphumelela komntu - isihloko esithakazelisayo kubafundi bezengqondo kunye nabantu abafuna ukuphuhlisa ulwazi lomntu. Indlela yokuba yingqondo kunye nokuba ingqondo yomntu inesakhelo esinika izibonakaliso ezicacileyo malunga neqondo elaneleyo lolwazi kunye namava, umbuzo ngesigqibo sefilosofi okanye esinengqiqo - wonke umntu uyazigqiba.
Ubulumko bunjani bomntu?
Igama lokuqonda livela kwiLizwi lesiLatini elithi Intellectus, eguqulelwe kwisandi-ulwazi, ukuqonda. Ubulumko bubhekisela kumandla omntu wokuqonda ngengqondo kwaye akhumbule ulwazi kwiimfuno ezininzi, ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza iingxaki ezinzima, iimeko zobomi, ngokusebenza kombono osebenzayo-ngokubhaliweyo, izigqibo ezifanelekileyo. Ukuvavanywa kwinqanaba lolwazi lomntu kuthiwa - ulingano lweengcaphephe, lubalwa ngeendlela ezizodwa kunye neemvavanyo ezizodwa.
I-coefficient yengqondo iphakamileyo kakhulu kunomntu wobudala bomntu, izikhombisi eziqhelekileyo zolwazi lwaontanga ziyisiseko sezigqibo zezinga lobunengqondo. Umyinge we-IQ ngamanqaku angama-100, izibonakaliso ezinexabiso elingu-90 okanye i-110 ziyimimiselo evumelekileyo. Abantu abane-IQ abangaphezu kwe-110 banabantu abaneengqiqo, kwaye izikolo ze-IQ kwinqanaba 70 ziphulaphulo lweengcaphephe, ngendlela engafanelekanga. Xa uneminyaka engama-5 ubudala, inqanaba lobunkokheli alifani, kukholelwa ukuba into ebalulekileyo eyenza ukulungelelaniswa kwengqondo, idluliselwa njengefa.
Intelligence kwi Psychology
Kwiengqondo, ukucinga nokuqonda kuyafana neenkqubo ezifanayo zengqondo. Ukucinga kuyindlela yokuhlalutya, ukwakha izigqibo ezichanekileyo ngolwazi olufunyenweyo. Ubulumko bukwazi ukuqonda ulwazi olutholileyo, umphumo wokucinga, olukhokelela kwizenzo ezinengqiqo. Umntu unokufunda iincwadi zeencyclopedia ezininzi, kwaye abe nolwazi oluninzi, kodwa angayisebenzisi ngokusebenza, ubukho bobunzima bubungqina bezenzo eziziwayo zomntu, ngokusekelwe kolwazi, ukubonakalisa impumelelo kuluntu.
Ziziphi iingqiqo zobulumko?
Abaninzi banomdla kulo mbuzo woluphi ulwaphulo oluthile. Ubulumko bokusebenza bubhekiselele kwinkqubo eyenziwe ngabantu ehlalutya ulwazi kwaye ivelise iinkqubo zengcamango ezifana neempembelelo ezivela kwingqondo yomntu. Isebe lenzululwazi ukudala nokufunda iinjongo zobungcali zibizwa ngokuba yi-computer yesayensi. Iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo zanamhlanje zokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo (ikhompyutheni, i-robot, umkhondo wemoto) zibonakaliswa ngumntu oqhelekileyo njengengqiqo yengqondo ngokucinga kwangoku, okujolise ekusebenzeni imisebenzi ethile.
Uthini umahluko phakathi kwengqondo kunye nengqondo?
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iingcamango zengqondo kunye neengqondo zixutywe kwindawo enye yokuziphatha kwengqondo. Isici esibonisa umntu ohlukanisa umntu onobuchule ngumgangatho ophakamileyo wokukhuliselwa kunye nenkcubeko, ngokubhekiselele kuluntu kodwa nakwiyiphi na imeko engayikhanga. Iingqondo zinezinga eliphezulu lemfundo kwaye zifumana imali ngomsebenzi wengqondo, ziba novelwano kwabanye, i-intelligentsia - inxaxheba yoluntu ngokuzibandakanya ngokusemthethweni kwimisebenzi yezemfundo nezenzululwazi.
Ubulumko bubonisa izinga eliphezulu le-encyclopaedic ulwazi, kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ukuziphatha kweengqondo kuluntu kungahlukana kakhulu kwizinto ezinengqondo, kwaye kubangele iimvakalelo ezimbi, kodwa igalelo elixabisekileyo kakhulu ekuphuhlisweni kwamasebe ezesayensi ahlukeneyo ayenziwa ngabantu abane-IQ ephezulu, ukufunyaniswa kwezinto ezibalulekileyo zoluntu, okwenziwa ngabafundi.
Yintoni ukuphulwa kweengcaphephe?
Ubulumko bomntu bunokunciphisa, inqanaba lixhomekeke kwimpembelelo yokuzalwa okanye inokufumana kwisakhiwo sengqondo. Ukuyeka ukugula kwengqondo kubanjwe ukubizwa ngokuba yi-dementia, okufunyenwe yintlungu yokugula, i-oligophrenia. Ulwaphulo oluthile, lunokubangelwa kukudakumba okukhulu, lunokuphuhliswa emva kokulahleka kokusebenza kwezitho (ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe, ukulahleka kombono) xa umntu engafumani ulwazi oluvela kwimithombo yangaphandle.
Iintlobo zobulumko
Amandla okuzalwa angamntu, ingaba sisiseko apho umntu angakwazi ukuphucula ngempumelelo amandla akhethe umsebenzi ozithandayo, ufumene ngempumelelo kwizicwangciso zobomi. Yintoni inhlakanipho - kumntu oqhelekileyo, iitalente eziliqela ziyakhula ngokuvisisanayo, kodwa inkokeli enye, ukuveliswa kwemvelo yobuntu kudibene ngokwahlukileyo kwiintlobo eziphambili zobulumko:
- zendalo;
- zomculo;
- imathematika;
- lweelwimi;
- indawo;
- umntu;
- utyini;
- ikhona;
- zintsebenziswano.
Iimpawu zengqondo ephezulu
Ubulumko boBugcisa buhlala bufihlakele emva kokuziphatha okuthobekileyo, okubonakalayo kwiinkqubo zenzululwazi. Indlela ebonisa ngokuchanekileyo umntu onengqondo engakaqulunqwa. Uludwe lwabalimi abalinganiswa ngabanye abantu abanqanaba le-IQ liphezulu kunalathisi ephakathi. Indlela yokuqulunqa abantu abanengqondo ngala maxwebhu kunemeko:
- ubukho bepilesi - ikati;
- uthando lomngcipheko;
- ukudlala izixhobo zomculo;
- utywala okanye utywala;
- imbono yefilosofi kunye nesimo sengqondo sokubuyisa ubomi;
- Umntwana omdala wentsapho, njengomthetho, unezinga le-IQ eliphezulu kunezingane ezincinci;
- Ukuncelisa kusebuntwaneni;
- izinga eliphezulu lokuxhalaba;
- ukushiya kwesokunxele;
- ukukhula okuphezulu;
- sakhiwo slim;
- ukukwazi ukufunda ekuqaleni kwebuntwaneni;
- ubukho bento yokuhleka.
Indlela yokwandisa ingqondo?
Uphuhliso lweengcaphephe ngumkhwa ochanekileyo, unokuthi isitayela sokuphila. Ukwandisa ingqiqo, umntu uqeqesha imemori imihla ngemihla, ufunda ulwazi olutsha kwaye uyisebenzise ngokusebenza. Indlela yokuphuhlisa i-intellect- ukuyeka umkhuba wokubukela iTV, kubandakanya ukungabonakali kwimbali yememori ngolwazi olungenalusizo. Ukutya ukutya okuphantsi kweekhalori - ukutya okunzima kwesisu kusebenzisa amandla ukusuka kwingqondo, kudinga inkcitho kwi-digestive tract. Ukunyusa ngokugqwesileyo kwinqanaba le-IQ:
- iipuzzle ezinengqiqo;
- imidlalo kunye nebhodi yebhodi kunye nomdlali onamandla-chess, poker, backgammon;
- imidlalo yekhompyutha efuna ingqwalaselo;
- ukulala kweeyure eziyi-8;
- yomsebenzi;
- ukufunda iilwimi zangaphandle;
- ufunde i-science ngqo.
Imidlalo eya kuphuhlisa ulwazi
Ukuqeqeshwa kobuchopho rhoqo ngokufumana ulwazi olutsha kungadlulela ngendlela engahambiyo - ukufunda iincwadi, ukufunda iinjongo zesayensi, indlela yokukhumbula. Iingcali zisesifundo sezifundo ziye zavelisa imidlalo eyenza ukucinga nokuqonda. Kweli hlabathi lanamhlanje, ubuninzi beendlela ezinjalo ziphinde zenziwa kwimidlalo yekhompyutheni, iingxabano malunga nokusetyenziswa okanye ukungaxhamli kokuqeqeshwa kweememori ziqhutywa. Inyaniso yokuba ukubalwa kwemali kwindleko yemali kwingqondo eqeqeshelwa imemori nakubantu abadala. Imisebenzi yesiqhelo ekwandisa ingqondo:
- ukusombulula iipuzzles crossword;
- khumbula iinombolo zefowuni;
- ukuqeqesha isandla esingavamile (ukuba unikezele ilungelo-ngakwesobunxele) kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla;
- funda iincwadi ezinqamlekileyo;
- khawuleza ubhale ngokukhawuleza uhlobo olufanayo lwezinto, amagama ayingcambu.
Iincwadi eziphuhlisa iingcaphephe
Ukufunda imisebenzi yobugcisa kuphakamisa ulwazi lolwazi, kwaye uvavanyo lweencwadi zenzululwazi lubangela inqanaba elongeziweyo lokuqwalaselwa kwengqondo-lukwazi ukukhumbuza nokuhlaziya iinkcukacha ezingaziwa. Iincwadi zanamhlanje zokuphuhliswa kweengcaphephe zineempawu zokufundiswa kunye neepuzzle, ngokuphuhlisa kakhulu amandla okuqonda. Iincwadi zokunyusa ingqondo:
Iimvumi eziphuhlisa iinjongo kunye nokucinga
Iifilimu, ukubukela okuvusa umdla kunye nokucinga ngokucokisekileyo kumbukeli, kubhekiselwa kumabali afunyaniswayo kunye nabaxhasi be-action. Inomdla kakhulu phakathi kwabo iifilimu malunga nengqiqo yabalinganiswa abakhulu, ngoncedo apho bafumana indlela yokuphuma kwiimeko ezingekho phantsi. Imizobo, kwinkqubo yokubukela isifo sengqondo esichaphazelekayo, kwaye inqanaba elitsha lokuqonda liyaqhubeka:
- Intombazana ene tattoo;
- Isicwangciso sokubalekela
- Ukuthula kweemvana;
- Zodiac;
- iifilimu malunga noSherlock Holmes;
- Ikhodi yeDa Vinci;
- Abazingeli emva kwengqondo;
- Intombazana ene tattoo;
- Iintsuku ezintathu ukubaleka.
Abafundi abaziwayo
Umntu onobuqili kunazo zonke ehlabathini, okwangoku, uyaqatshelwa yimiphumo yeemvavanyo uTerence Tao, ososayensi ofunda izibalo, i-IQ-230 yezinga. Abadlali abathandekayo, abadlali abanetalente, banembonakalo ekhangayo kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu le-IQ, abaye bayisebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo ukufezekisa impumelelo, kunye nokufumana imali engenayo. Abantu abanobulumko kakhulu kwihlabathi:
- UDolph Lungren - umlingisi waseSweden ebonakalayo ebonakalayo ene-IQ eneenqaku ezili-160.
- UQumentin Tarantino ngumntu onetalente ophumelele ngempumelelo ingqondo yakhe kumashishini amaningana: umdlali, umlimi, umgcini wesikrini, ifilimu ye-IQ-160.
- I-Asia Carrera yinkwenkwezi yezobufa kunye nenqanaba le-IQ-156.
- USharon Stone ungumdlali ophumelelayo, umzekelo kunye nomlimi, i-IQ-154.
- UNicole Kidman - omhle kwaye ohlakaniphile, ngoko unokuchaza umdlali we-actress, obulumko bakhe bunokulinganisa i-132 IQ.
Dolph Lungren
Quentin Tarantino
Asia Carrera
USharon Stone
UNicole Kidman