Abasetyhini abaninzi, abanqwenela ukuthintela iingxaki zenkqubo yokuzala umntwana, baqale ukulungiselela kwangaphambili. Makhe siqwalasele ngokubanzi iinkcukacha ze-algorithm yokulungiselela, siya kufumanisa: zeziphi iimvavanyo ekufuneka zinikezwe xa kucwangciswa ukukhulelwa.
Ngaba kunyanzelekile ukuthatha iimvavanyo ngaphambi kokukhulelwa?
Xa ebuzwa malunga nabamama, nokuba ngaba bathatha iimvavanyo ngaphambi kokukhulelwa, oogqirha baphendula ngokuqinisekileyo. Ngethuba elifanayo, bakhokelela ngomzekelo wezifundo ezinzima: uphando lwebhubhoratri lunceda ukuchonga iinkqubo ezifihlakeleyo ezingasenayo iimpawu. Ngexesha loqeqesho, oogqirha baxilonga ukuphazamiseka kwe-hormonal, ukusuleleka kwezesondo ezingachaphazela inkqubo yokukhulelwa, ukuhanjiswa, okanye impilo yomntwana.
Iimvavanyo ezinyanzelekileyo xa uhlela ukukhulelwa
Ngaphambi kokuzala, malunga nesiqingatha sonyaka, umfazi ukhuthazwa ukuba a tyelele isikhungo sonyango. Emva kokuvavanya ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nokudlula kwizifundo ze-hardware, ugqirha uya kunika uluhlu lweemvavanyo ukuba zingeniswe. Phakathi kwezinye iindidi zezifundo zokuxilonga ziyakwazi ukuqwalasela ezo zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kunabanye:
- Uhlalutyo jikelele lomchamo;
- vavanyo lwegazi jikelele;
- biochemistry yegazi ;
- ukuzimisela kweqela legazi kunye neR Rh ;
- Uviwo lokusuleleka: i-hepatitis, syphilis, i-HIV;
- uphando kwi- TORCH-infection : rubella, i-toxoplasmosis, i-cytomegalovirus, i-herpes virus.
Ucwangciso lokukhulelwa - iimvavanyo kubafazi kunye namadoda
Ukukhulelwa, ukunyamezela nokuzala umntwana onempilo, ukulungiselela ukukhulelwa kunye noviwo kufuneka kwenziwe ngabo bobabini bomtshato. Uviwo olupheleleyo ekucwangciseni ukukhulelwa kufuna ukufumanisa ngokupheleleyo ukuphulwa kwezinto ezikhoyo, ukugqithiswa kwazo. Ngenxa yembonakalo ye-physiology yezesondo, uhlalutyo lomama ozayo luyahlukahlukileyo kwizinto eziza kuba nelixa elizayo.
Uhlalutya xa uhlela ukukhulelwa - uluhlu lwabasetyhini
Ugqirha weziko lezonyango okanye udibaniselwano lomfazi luyazisa lo mfazi malunga naziphi iimvavanyo eziza kunikwa ngexesha locwangciso lokukhulelwa. Ngexesha elifanayo, uluhlu lwezifundo ezinyanzelekileyo kwinqanaba lokulungiselela lijongene nemilinganiselo yezona nkampani ezininzi zonyango. Ukuxelela malunga naziphi iimvavanyo ezithathayo xa uhlela ukukhulelwa, oogqirha babiza:
- Uvavanyo lwegazi kwizinga lokushukela - ukuxilonga isifo sikashukela okanye ukuxhomekeka kwayo.
- I-Coagulogram - isetya izinga le-clotting yegazi ukwenzela ukuphelisa umngcipheko wokuphuma kwamanzi.
- Uhlalutyo lwe-smear kwi-flora- lwenziwe ukuhlola imeko ye-microflora yesini.
- I-PCR-study of scraping from the neck - ityhila i-pathologies: i- mycoplasmosis , i-chlamydia, i-herpes, i-ureaplasmosis.
Njengezifundo ezongezelelweyo, phambi koboniso oluhlukeneyo, ezi zilandelayo zinganyulwa:
- Igazi leemodmone - lidla ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwabasetyhini abanomjikelezo ongaqhelekanga, ubunzima obukhulu okanye ubuncinane, ngokukrokrelwa kokungabikho.
- Uhlalutyo lwamachiza e-phospholipids - lubonakalisa isifo esibangele ukuphuhliswa kweentsholongwane zomntwana ebusweni.
- Uhlalutyo lwama-antibodies kwi- chorionic gonadotropin - echazwe kubafazi abanengxaki yokukhulelwa, xa emva kokuchumisa, i-antibodies i-hCG iyayinqanda iqanda.
Uhlalutyo lwamadoda xa uhlela ukukhulelwa-uludwe
Ukuze ufumane ukuba zeziphi iimvavanyo zokunika umntu xa ecwangcisa ukukhulelwa, uyise ozayo kufuneka axhumane neziko lempilo elithile. Into ephambili ekulungiseleleni ubaba onokuyithatha ukukhulelwa kukubonakalisa zonke izifo ezikhoyo kunye nokupheliswa kwazo. Ukuze kusetyenziswe iinkqubo ezivuthayo kunye nokusuleleka kumzimba wepapa ezayo, ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo zicwangciselwe amadoda ekucwangciseni ukukhulelwa:
- Ukufundwa kwe-PCR yokukhutshwa kwi-urethra - kunceda ukuchonga kwisampuli izinto eziphathekayo zofuzo ezifana ne-herpes, i-chlamydia, i-mycoplasmosis.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi jikelele.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nge-hepatitis, syphilis.
Ukuba ukuhlalutya okwenziwe akuzange kubonakalise nayiphina i-pathologies, nangona kunjalo, xa kucwangciswa ukukhulelwa, iingxaki zokukhulelwa, kwavela iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo:
- I-Spermogram - inquma inani le-sperm kwi-ejaculate kunye ne-morphology yabo.
- Uvavanyo lwe-MAR - luchaza ubukho be-antisperm antibodies, ehlasela i-spermatozoa, ukunciphisa amathuba okuchumisa.
Cwangciso socwangciso lokukhulelwa
Ubunzima bokuhlalutya ekucwangciseni ukukhulelwa kungahluka kwaye kuxhomekeke kwimpilo yesigulane, ubukho bezifo ezingapheliyo, iingxaki zokukhulelwa kwangaphambili. Ngenxa yoko, ngabafazi ababini belungiselela ukuba ngaba oomama, uluhlu lwezifundo ezabelwe luyahluka. Nangona kunjalo, umyalelo wezenzo ezithatyathwa ngumama onokumisela kwisigaba sokucwangcisa ukukhulelwa kuyafana:
- ukubonisana nomdla wesifo somzimba;
- kwinqanaba lezifundo ezinikezelweyo;
- ikhosi yeyeza (ukuba kuyimfuneko);
- ukuphunyezwa kweengcebiso ezifunyenweyo.
Iimvavanyo zeHormon zokulungiselela ukukhulelwa
Uhlalutya ngaphambi kokuba umthamo uhlale uquka ukuzimisela kwinqanaba lama-hormone. Uphando olufunekayo luyalelwe abo bagulane ababengenenkinga yokukhulelwa okanye ukukhulelwa. Olu hlalutyo lunokuqhutyelwa kwiintsuku ezingama-5 ukuya kwe-23 ukuya ku-23 ukuya kwimizuzu engama-21 ukuya kwimizuzu. Xa kwenziwa kwisampuli yegazi elikhuphayo, abancedisi bebhoratri baqalisa ukuxinwa kwezi-hormone ezilandelayo:
- prolactin;
- progesterone;
- testosterone;
- ukulolonga;
- i-thyrotropic;
- thyroxine.
Iimvavanyo ze-Genetic ekucwangciseni ukukhulelwa
Ukujongana neziphi iimvavanyo kufuneka zithunyelwe xa kucwangciswa ukukhulelwa, siyaqaphela ukuba kukho izifundo ezongezelelweyo. Izibonakaliso zokuziphatha kwazo ziphulwa ngokwemvelo yohlobo lwabazali okanye izihlobo eziseduze. Ezi zihlandlo zangaphambili zokuhlaziywa kwamadoda zichazwe. Phakathi kwezibonakaliso eziphambili zokuziphatha, kubalulekile ukuhlula:
1. Ubudala bomama obalindelekileyo bungaphezu kweminyaka engama-35.
2. Ukufumaneka kwabantwana ukusuka ekukhulelweni kwangaphambili kunye neengxaki zokuzalwa:
- i-hyperplasia yokuzalwa engama-correnx ye-adrenal;
- ziphulo zo phuhliso;
- chromosomal pathologies;
- ukulibala kwengqondo.
3. Ukuphulukana nokukhubazeka kwesimo esingaziwayo.
4. I-amorrhea ephambili.
Iimvavanyo zokuhambelana nokucwangcisa ukukhulelwa
Ukuthetha ngeemvavanyo ekucwangciseni ukukhulelwa, oogqirha bahlula ukwahlula isifundo ngokuhambelana kwabatshatileyo. Ngalesi sihlandlo kuyisiko ukuqonda ukudibanisa kwe-immunological yabalingani bezesondo. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuba umzimba wowesifazane uphelela ukwazi ukuthatha inkqubo yokuzalisa i-spermatozoa, njengama-pathogenic agents. Ngenxa yoko, ukuveliswa okunzulu kweeprotheni zengqungquthela ziqala, ezithintela iseli zesini zesini. Olu vavanyo emva kokukhulelwa okukhukhulayo xa uceba okulandelayo unyanzelekile.
Ukuvavanywa, ugqirha uyasusa umkhuhlane wesibeleko kwisikhuni somlomo wesibeleko. Inqubo yenziwa ngaphandle kweeyure ezingama-6-12 emva kwesenzo sesondo. I-Slime ixhomekeke kwi-microscopy. Kwisampuli yesampuli, inani elipheleleyo lamaseli ezintsholongwane ezincinci lichongiwe, ukuhamba kwazo kunye nokusebenza kwazo ziyahlolwa. Xa kukho ezininzi i-spermatozoa kwisampuli, zihamba kwaye zisebenza-amaqabane asebenzayo ngokuzibandakanya. Ukuba i-spermatozoa ayibonakali kwi-mucus phantsi kokufunda okanye zimbalwa zazo kwaye ziyakwazi, zithetha ngokungahambelani.
Uhlalutyo lwezifo ezithintekayo kwizicwangciso zokukhulelwa
Iinkqubo zokuxilonga iLebhanti zingabonakalisa ukuba khona kwe-ejenti emzimbeni ngaphandle kweempawu zesifo sobukho bayo. Izifo ezithintekayo ngokwesondo zifunyaniswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, iimpawu zazo zingabonakala ngisho neenyanga emva kokusuleleka. Ukuze bangabandakanyi ukufumanisa kwabo ngexesha lokuzaliswa komntwana, oogqirha banika iimvavanyo zentsholongwane ekucwangciseni ukukhulelwa, uluhlu lwolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- I-smear microscopy yindlela yokufunda iiseli ze-epithelial ezivela kwi-urethra, umsele womlomo wesibeleko.
- I-bacteriological seeding yindlela yenkcubeko equka ukwanda kwe-pathogen kumajelo anezondlo kunye ne-microscopy.
- Uhlalutyo lwe-Immunoenzyme (i-ELISA) - lubandakanya ukufunyanwa kwamagciwane okuza kuphazamiseka kwi-serum yegazi.
- Ukuphendula kwe-immunofluorescence (RIF) - kuquka umbala we-biomaterial kunye ne-microscopy ye-smear.
- I-Polymer Chain Reaction (PCR) - inceda ekufumaneni impawu zezinto eziphathekayo eziphathekayo ze-agent agent yegazi, ngokungabikho kwempawu.
Uhlalutyo lwe-thrombophilia ekucwangciseni ukukhulelwa
Olu vavanyo lwegazi xa ulungiselela ukukhulelwa lunceda ukufumana isifo esiyinkimbinkimbi, ehambelana nokuphulwa kwenkqubo ye-blood coagulation. Nge-thrombophilia, kukho ukuthambekela ekuphuhliseni ama-clots - ama-clots egazi, angayigcina i-lumen yesitya segazi aze aphazamise ukuhamba kwegazi. Ngenxa yoko, xa uphendula umbuzo: yiyiphi imvavanyo ofuna ukuyidlulisela kumfazi xa uhlela ukukhulelwa, oogqirha banokubiza uvavanyo lwe-thrombophilia. Izibonakaliso zezi:
- ukukhulelwa kwesisu sokukhulelwa;
- ubuhlwempu;
- ngxinzelelo lwegazi;
- imilenze ye-varicose;
- ukuhlasela kwentliziyo;
- ukubetha.