Utyalo-mali ngokuthe ngqo - yintoni na, iintlobo zabo, iinjongo, indlela yokutsala imali-mali ngqo?

Uqoqosho luyazi into enjalo njengotyalo-mali oluchanekileyo, olusetyenziswa ngamandla kumazwe amaninzi. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zotyalo-mali kunye neziganeko zabo kunye nemithetho. Unokubakhanga kumbutho wakho ngeendlela ezininzi.

Yintoni oku kutyalomali ngokuthe ngqo?

Utyalo-mali olude lwexesha elide ngqo kwinkqubo yokuveliswa kuthiwa utyalo-mali ngqo. Utyalo mali utyalomali ekuthengiseni okanye kwimveliso. Ziyakuvumela ukuba ube ngumnikazi wesigxina sokulawula. Ukuchaza oko kuthethwa ngutyalo-mali othe ngqo, kubalulekile ukuba ukhombise ukuba ukwenza idiphozi ezinjalo, umntu ufumana isabelo kwi-capital capital of the organization (ubuncinane 10%). Kwiminyaka emininzi, kukho ukwanda okwenziwe kutyalo-mali ngokuthe ngqo, okwenziwa ngezimali ezizodwa.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zotyalo-mali:

1. Umnini-shareholder uthengisa umtyalo-mali. Kule fom, inani lotyalo-mali ubuncinane kwi-10-20% yenani-mali elipheleleyo.
2. Ukubuyiswa kwakhona kwemali engenayo kuthetha ukuba inzuzo efunyenweyo evela kwinkqubo yenkampani yokubambisana isetyenziselwa ukuphuhlisa inkampani. Ixabiso layo lixhomekeke kwisabelo somgcini-mali kwi-capital.
3. Ukufumana imali mboleko ngaphakathi kwintlangano okanye ukuqhuba utyalo-mali othe ngqo ukuhlawula amatyala atyala phakathi kweofisi yesebe kunye nebebe.

Injongo yotyalo-mali ngqo

Olu khetho lotyalo-mali lusetyenziswa ukuseka ukuveliswa kwemveliso okanye ukuliqinisa. Utyalo-mali ngokuthe ngqo kwizabelo ukwandisa izinga lokulawula kungakhathaliseki ifom yomthetho yoshishini. Ngenxa yoko, abatyali-mali banokuchaphazela izinga lokuthengisa kunye nemveliso, kunye nenani lentlawulo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, abatyali-mali banqanaba elifanayo kunye nomlawuli kunye nomnini weenkampani. Utyalo-mali ngokuthe ngqo kwintlangano kubalulekile ekuncediseni ukuzimela kwi-bankruptcy okanye ukunika ithuba lokukhulisa imveliso.

Iingcamango zotyalo-mali ngqo

Kuqoqosho lwamazwe ngamazwe, iingcamango ezahlukeneyo zisetyenziswe, ngoncedo apho kunokwenzeka ukuchaza iinkqubo zemali. Utyalo-mali oluchanekileyo nolusingqalileyo luqwalaselwa ngokusekelwe kwiingcamango ezinjalo:

1. Iingcamango zokungafezeki kweemarike. Isekelwe ekufuneni abatyali-mali ngokungafezeki kweemarike, okubenza banike ithuba lokusebenzisa imali ngokukhulu ngakumbi. Ezi "zikhefu" ezinjalo zingabangelwa ngumgaqo-nkqubo wezorhwebo, umveliso kunye nemithetho.
2. Inkolelo yokukhusela i-oligopolism. Kubonisa ukuba ukunyuka kwenkunzi kumiselwe ngumlawuli weemarike.
3. Iingcamango "zebhola ezindizayo". Umthuthukisi walo mzekelo, ubonisa ukuba ungaya kumthumeli kumthengisi weempahla. Wakhetha izigaba ezintathu zentuthuko yoshishino: ukungena kweemveliso kwiimarike ngendlela yokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe, ukuvulwa kwamasebe amatsha kunye neenkampani kubonga ngokutshala imali enganelisa iimfuno zangaphakathi nakwamaphandle, ezenza umthengisi angaphandle.

Utyalo-mali kunye neepoteliyo

Abaninzi badibanisa le mibono emibili, ngoko kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba bahluke njani. Ukuba iqela lokuqala liqondwa, utyalo-mali lweepotfoliyo luqondwa njengokuthengwa kweemfanelo kwaye oku kungathathwa ngenzuzo engenayo. Ngenxa yoko, umnini akenzi ukulawula inkampani. Ukwahlukana phakathi kootyalo-mali ngqo kunye neepoteliyo kuya kuqondwa ngolo hlobo:

1. Umsebenzi wotyalo-mali othe ngqo kukulawulwa kwintlangano, kwaye ulawulo lwepotfoliyo lufumene inzuzo ephezulu.
2. Ukufezekisa lo msebenzi ngokutyalomali ngokuthe ngqo, ubuchwepheshe buhlaziywa, kwaye ukutyalo-mali kwipotfoliyo, inkampani ithenga iziqinisekiso.
3. Izindlela zokufezekisa okufunayo ukutyalomali ngqo-ukulawulwa nokuthengwa kwesigxina sokulawula (ukusuka kuma-25%), kunye nepottoliyo-ubuninzi be-25%.
4. Ingeniso evela kutyalo-mali oluchanekileyo inzuzo kwi-entrepreneurship, kwaye i-portfolio investment-dividends and interest.

Utyalo-mali oluthe ngqo

Masiqale ngegama lesiqhelo, ngoko ke, phantsi kotyalo-mali olwangaphandle lucacisa idizithi yexesha elide elivela kwelinye ilizwe kumasebe ahlukeneyo oqoqosho lolunye urhulumente. Umthamo wabo ngokuthe ngqo kuxhomekeke kwimozulu yokutyalomali kunye nomtsalane wesibonelelo. Utyalo-mali lwangaphandle lwangaphandle aluqinisekisi nje ukufumana imali, kodwa nokukhuthaza ukuqaliswa kobuchwepheshe obutsha kwimveliso. Siyabulela oku, kukho ithuba lokukhetha iifom ezintsha zokuthengisa emsebenzini.

Utyalo-mali othe ngqo

Abanini-zimali abaninzi basuka kwamanye amazwe benza utyalo-mali kumashishini kazwelonke, oku kuqwalaselwa njengotyalo-mali olungenayo. Utyalo-mali olutyala olusemthethweni, inkampani kufuneka ibe yinto ekhangayo kwaye ithembisa. Umlinganiselo wezityalo eziphumayo nezingenayo zibonakalisa isibonakaliso esibalulekileyo se-macroeconomics-amandla okutyalomali kwelizwe kwibala lehlabathi. Ukuba ukhangele iMelika, ngoko umthamo weemali eziphumayo zingaphezulu kwezinto ezingenayo, oko kukuthi, ilizwe likhuphela ngaphandle.

Utyalo-mali othe ngqo

Le ngcamango isetyenziswe ukuchaza imeko xa umtyalo-mali efaka imali kwiinkampani zangaphandle. Ukuchaza iindlela zokutshala imali ngokuthe ngqo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba umsebenzi wabo ovela kumazwe asakhulayo uya kukhula rhoqo. Kungekudala, inani leentlawulo ezivela kumazwe ase-Asia likhule ngokubanzi. Njengomzekelo, ungathatha iChina, apho ukukhula kotyalo-mali oluphumayo ludibene nokuhlanganiswa kweenkampani ezinkulu.

Ukutsalana njani utyalo-mali ngqo?

Ukufumana i-depositors ethembekileyo akuyona into elula, kodwa kukho iindlela ezininzi zokufumana iziphumo. Okokuqala kufuneka usebenze kwiprojekthi yakho, kuba kufuneka ibe luncedo kubatyalomali. Unokukhangela iifasta usebenzisa iindlela ezilandelayo:

1. Utyalo-mali oluthe ngqo lwasemhlabeni lungathatyathwa ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwimiboniso eyahlukeneyo kunye nemiboniso yeempumelelo kunye nemveliso, kungekhona kuphela kwendawo, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe.
2. Ungasebenzisa iinkonzo zabaphathi-arhente kunye nerhulumente karhulumente.
3. Enye inketho ukubeka ulwazi malunga neprojekthi kwiziseko ezizodwa zolwazi.
4. Kukho ama-arhente amaninzi asebenza kwimarike yamashishini abucala, anika iinkonzo zobugcisa ukufumana abatyalo-mali, nakwamanye amazwe.

Ukuze kukhange utyalo-mali oluchanekileyo, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ukuba kwinqanaba ngalinye lophuhliso lweprojekthi kukulungele ukutsala imali kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo.

1. Cwangciso. Ukuba kukho ingcamango enkulu, kodwa akukho mali yokuphumeza, ngoko unokukhangela uncedo oluvela kwisangqa esiseduze sazi, iinkqubo zikaRhulumente kunye notyalo-mali.
2. Ukuqalisa. Kule nqanaba, icebo loshishino sele likhona, iqela liyabhalwa kwaye ukuhanjiswa komsebenzi sele kuhamba, kodwa akukho nzuzo okwamanje. Ukukhuthaza utyalo-mali, ungayifumana ngokuqhagamshelana neengxowa-mali, abasebenzi abatyali abazimeleyo kunye nabaxhasi bamanye amazwe.
3. Isiqalo esihle. Umbutho sele uhlala kwindawo ethile kwimarike kwaye unenzuzo, nangona incinci. Ukwandisa imisebenzi yabo kuya kunceda imali yabanini-mali yangasese, abaxhasi bezimali kunye neebhanki.
4. Ukukhula kunye nophuhliso. IiFenesi ezineenzuzo ezizinzile ziya kufumana lula ukufumana abatyalo-mali. Isisombululo esona siphumo: iimali zentengo-mali, ii-capitalists zangaphandle, iimali zelizwe kunye neebhanki.
5. Ibhizinisi elizinzileyo. Kule meko, kungcono ukungamkeli utyalo-mali, kodwa ukuthengisa izabelo. Njengabalimi-mali, oosomashishini abucala, utyalo-mali ngqo, iibhanki kunye nemali yomhlala-phantsi iyakwenza.

Utyalo-mali ngokuthe ngqo - iindlela

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokutshala imali, ezihlala zichaphazelekayo ngaphezu konyaka omnye kwaye kwiminyaka ezayo ingozi yokutshintsha ingancinci. Iintlobo zotyalo-mali othe ngqo ziya kulungeleka kwimeko yokuqala eyahlukileyo. Kukho iziphakamiso ezininzi, ngoko kufuneka ukhethe imbono yangaphambili kunye nethuba elihle. Ngoku kutshanje, iakhawunti ze-PAMM kunye neeprojekthi ze-HYIP zikhangeleka kakhulu ukutyalomali.

I-Private Equity Fund

Eli gama liqondwa njengokuhlanganiswa kwemali yabanini-mali abatyalileyo ukuze bachithe utyalo-mali ngokuhlanganyela kwintlangano ethile. Iimali zengxowa-mali zangasese zangaphandle kunye nezangaphandle zisebenza ngokucwangciswa kwesi sikimu: iprojekti yotyalo-mali ikhethiweyo, isivumelwano siyakhiwa, ukusebenza kwe-transaction kuyenyuliswa, kwaye inzuzo evela kutyalo-mali ngokuphumayo kulandelwa. IiNgxowa zinokuba yimibutho eyahlukileyo kunye neyehlukeneyo, umzekelo, imibutho esebenza kuphela kwi-IT.