AmaGrike amandulo ayinqula oothixo abaninzi, unqulo lwabo lubonakalisa umlingiswa: imvelo, engenakuguqulwa njengendalo kunye nezinto zayo. UDionysus - omnye oothixo abathandekayo baseGenesen ubonisa ubungqina bokuba uvuyo ebomini babo behlala kwindawo ekhethekileyo neyona ndawo.
Ngubani uDionysus?
UDionysus, uthixo we-winemaking, waqhekeza ebomini obalinganiselweyo bamaGrike kunye nesimo sakhe sokumnandi, u-frenzy kunye ne-insanity. Umncinci omncinci wama-Olympian ungumthombo weTracian. Yaziwa kwaye ngaphantsi kwamanye amagama:
- Bacchus;
- Bacchus;
- Dionysus Omkhulu;
- Ukushisa;
- Lieber;
- Dithyrambs;
- IOrthos;
- UHoray.
UDionysus wayenemisebenzi kunye namagunya alandelayo:
- yayijongene nokuvuselela izityalo entwasahlobo;
- baxhasa a balimi;
- wafundisa abantu ubugcisa bokukhula kwamagilebhisi kunye nokuphumelela;
- wathumela ubuhlanya kwabo babengafuni ukumjoyina;
- ithathwa ngokuba ngu "ubawo" wolu hlobo lwezemidlalo lwentlekele.
Abazali benkulunkulu wewayini kunye nomdiliya ngu Zeus noSemel. Ingqungquthela yokuzalwa kukaDionysus ikhutshwe ngeenjongo. Umfazi onomhawu wendudumo yeHera, efumene ukuba uSimele wayekhulelwe, ecinga ukuba umveleli wakhe unamanzi, wambongoza uZeus ukuba avele enkonzweni kaThixo. U-Semel entlanganisweni noThixo wabuza ukuba wayelungele ukufezekisa enye yezimnqweno zakhe, waza wafungela ukuzalisekisa nayiphi na into efunayo. Ukuva isicelo, uZeus wathabathela esinye isiqhamo esingavuthiyo esiswini sakhe sithandekayo waza wasisithela entanyeni yakhe, kwaye xa kufika uZeus, wazala unyana kaDionysus.
Ubuqhetseba bukaDionysus eGrisi lasendulo babibizwa ngokuthi nguDionysius. Imikhosi yokuvuna yayibizwa ngokuba yiDionysia encinci, ihamba kunye nemisebenzi ecacileyo yokugqoka, ukucula, ukusela iwayini. IiDionysia eziphambili zibanjwe ngo-Matshi - ngokuhlonela unkulunkulu ozalwe ngokutsha. Iinguqulelo zokuqala zomthendeleko we-Bacchanalia zazigcinwe phantsi kobumnyama obumnyama kwaye zimele imidanso yasendle ye-maenad kwiimeko zesimo somntu, ukuziphatha ngokwesini. Ukufa kukaDionysus unkulunkulu ngohlobo lwenkunzi yenkomo idlalwe kwaye isilwanyana sinyuka saqhekeka, sidla inyama eshushu.
Dionysus Uphawu
Kwizinto zasendulo zobugcisa, uDionysus wayebonakaliswe njengendoda encinci, inesilwanyana esinezinyovu eneempawu zowesifazane. Isibakala esibaluleke kakhulu sothixo ngumsebenzi weDionysus okanye i-thyrs yesigxina se-fennel, isithsaba seepayini - isimboli sepallic somgaqo wokudala. Ezinye iimpawu kunye neempawu zeBachus:
- Umdiliya. Intonga ejikelezileyo ngumqondiso wokuzala kunye nomsebenzi we-winemaking;
- Ivy - ngokweenkolelo ezinxamnye noxinzelelo olunamandla.
- Inkobe - ukuyiphuza, umphefumlo wawulibala ngokuvela kwayo, kwaye ukuphilisa kwakudingeka ukusela enye - indebe yokuqiqa, ngoko imemori yobunyaniso kunye nomnqweno wokubuyela ezulwini uya kubuya.
Ama-satellites aseDionysus awanalo mfuziselo:
- I-Melpomene yintlupheko yentlekele;
- Amashumi amaninzi abalandeli abathembekileyo okanye abaprofetikazi benkolo yeDionysus;
- i-panther, i-tiger kunye ne-lynx-izilwanyana zekati zentsapho zibonisa ukunyuka kwakhe kunye nokunqoba kwaye zikhumbuze ukuba inkolo yavela eMpuma;
- inkomo ibonakalisa ukuzala nokulima. I-Dionysus yayivame ukubonakaliswa ngendlela yenkomo.
Dionysus - Mythology
AmaGrike ayenqula imvelo kuyo yonke imbonakalo yayo. Ukhula luyingxenye ebalulekileyo yobomi beendawo zasemaphandleni. Isivuno esisisityebi sisoloko sisisigqibo esihle sokuba oothixo baxhasa kwaye banomusa. Unkulunkulu ongumGrike uDionysus uyingqungquthela, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo kwaye uthumela iziqalekiso nokufa kwabo bangamqondiyo. Iingoma ngeBacchus zizaliswe ngeemvakalelo ezahlukeneyo: uvuyo, ukudabuka, umsindo kunye nokunyaniseka.
UDionysus noApollo
Ingxabano phakathi kweApollo noDionysus isichazwa ngokuhlukileyo ngabafilosofi kunye neembali-mlando ngendlela yabo. U-Apollo - unkulunkulu onobunono obunemibala obumnyama obunobomi obunobunono obunobunono obunobungqina obuphathekayo, ukuziphatha kunye nenkolo. Bakhuthazwa abantu ukuba bagcine umlinganiselo kuyo yonke into. Kwaye amaGrike azama ukulandela imithetho phambi kwehlelo likaDionysus. Kodwa uDionysus "waqhekeka" kwimiphefumlo kwaye wachaza yonke into engabonakaliyo, ezo zihohla ezingenanto ezingekho phantsi kwayo yonke into kunye nokulinganiswa kweGenesen kwaqala ukuzithobela kwimimoncoko, ukudakwa kunye nokuthobeka, ukuhlonipha uBacchus omkhulu.
Imikhosi emibini ephikisanayo, "i-Apollonian" eqaqambileyo kunye ne "dark" Dionysic, yahlanganisene kwi-duel. Isizathu sagxininisa kwiimvakalelo, njengoko izazi-mlando zichaza umzabalazo wamacandelo amabini. Ukukhanya, ukulinganisa, ukuvuya kunye nesayensi malunga nenkolo yomhlaba, equle ubumnyama bezimfihlakalo kunye nokusetyenziswa okukhulu kwewayini, umbingelelo wokubingelelwa, imijelo enobudlova kunye nemigudu. Kodwa njengokuba kungekho ukukhanya ngaphandle kobumnyama, kwangokunjalo kule mpixuko into entsha kunye engaqhelekanga yazalwa - uhlobo olutsha lwezobugcisa lwavela iintlekele zamaGrike malunga nezilingo kunye nentlango yomphefumlo womntu.
Dionysus kunye nePerphone
UDionysus unkulunkulu waseGrisi yaMandulo kunye nePerphonephone - unkulunkulukazi wokuzala, umfazi weHayidesi kunye kunye naye umbusi wehlabathi eliphantsi kweengoma zamandulo zamaGrike zidibanisa phakathi kwazo:
- Enye yeengcamango malunga nokuzalwa kukaDionysus ichaza i-Persephone njengomama kanina. UZeus watshisa ngentshiseko yakhe intombi, ephenduka inyoka, engena ebuhlotsheni naye, apho uDionysus azalwa khona. Kwenye enye inguqulelo, uDionysus wehla waya ephasini aze anike umthi we-myrtle kwi-Persephone, ukuze unina akhululwe uSemele. UDionysus unikela unina igama elitsha iTion aze avuke naye ezulwini.
- I-Persephone yayihamba ngedolophu yasePerg eSicily kwaye yathunjwa yiHayidesi (iHayidesi), kwezinye iindawo ezivela kwiZagreem (enye yamagama kaDionysus) kwindawo yabafileyo. Umama uDemeter ongathandekiyo ixesha elide ekhangele intombi encinci emhlabeni wonke, umhlaba waba yinyumba kwaye iluhlaza. Xa ekugqibeleni wafumanisa apho intombi yakhe yayinguye, uDemeter wayefuna ukuba uZeus abuyisele. IHayidesi mayiyeke umfazi wayo, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba amnike iibharnate ezisixhenxe ezivela egazini likaDionysus. Endaweni yomntu ofileyo akanakudla nantoni na, kodwa i-Persephone, ekuvuyiseni ayeza kubuya, idle iigrains. Ukususela ngeli xesha, i- Persephone isebenzisa intwasahlobo, ihlobo kunye nekwindla phezulu, kunye neenyanga zasebusika ehlabathini.
UDionysus noAphrodite
Inkolelo kaDionysus kunye nonkulunkulukazi wobuhle u-Aphrodite uyaziwa ngenxa yokuba ukuxhamla komntwana onobuhlungu kuzalwa. Indodana kaDionysus kunye neAphrodite yayingavamile kwaye ibubi kangangokuba unkulunkulukazi omhle washiya umntwana. I-phallus enkulu ye-Priapus yayisoloko isesimweni sokwakhiwa. Ukukhula, u-Priap wazama ukunyenga uyise uyise uDionysus. KwiGrisi yamandulo, unyana ka-unkulunkulu we-winemaking kunye no-Aphrodite wayehlonishwa kwamanye amaphondo njengonkulunkulu ozala.
Dionysus no Ariadne
Umfazi kunye nomlingane kaDionysus Ariadne wayelahliwe okokuqala nguThisus othandekayo malunga. Naxos. UAriadne wakhala ixesha elide, walala. Konke oku, uDionysus, owafika kwisiqithi, wamjonga. U-Eros wakhulula utolo lwakhe lothando kunye nentliziyo kaAriadne yatshiswa ngothando olutsha. Ngexesha lomtshato oyingqayizivele, intloko kaAriadne yathweswa isithsaba esinikezwe nguAphrodite kunye neentaba zesiqithi. Ekupheleni kwalo mbhiyozo, uDionysus wamvusa isithsaba ezulwini ngendlela yesiganeko. UZeus njengesipho kwonyana wakhe wanikela uAriadne ongapheliyo, okwamphakamisa kwisikhundla soothixokazi.
UDionysus noArtemis
Ngenye into eyimfundiso ngothando lukaDionysus no-Ariadne, uThixo uDionysus ucela u-Artemis, unkulunkulukazi omtsha nococekileyo ngonaphakade ukuba abulale uAriadne, owayemthandayo, ngenxa yokuba watshata noLeus kwi-grove engcwele, kuphela uAriadne abe ngumfazi wakhe, ngokuqala kokufa. UArtemis uphonsa umcibisholo e-Ariadne, ovuswayo aze abe ngumfazi woothixo kunye nokuzala kukaDionysus.
Ukholo lweDionysus nobuKristu
Ngokungena kobuKristu eGrisi, ubuxoki bukaDionysus abuzange buphile ixesha elide, imikhosi eyazinikezelwa kuThixo yaqhubeka ihlonishwa ngabantu, kwaye icawa laseGrike laphoqelelwa ukulwa neendlela zalo, iSt. George yaza yatshintsha uDionysus. Iindawo zokuhlala ezingcwele ezazinikezelwa kwiCacchus zatshatyalaliswa, kwaye kwindawo yazo zakhiwa iicawa zamaKristu. Kodwa nangokunje, ngexesha lokuvunwa kwamagilebhisi, kwieholide ungabona udumo lukaBacchus.