Umnqweno wokuwazi ikusasa labo wawuhlala ukhona, kwakukho indawo yabanqabileyo, kunye neetempileni. Ngoku i-Delphic oracle ibinzana, kwaye kwi-Ancient Greece le binzana ibhekisela kwindawo apho unokubuza umbuzo uze ufumane ukubikezela.
Yintoni i-oracle ye-Delphic?
Unkulunkulukazi uGaia wayengumnikazi we-oracle, elaligcinwe yintlanzi Python. Isakhiwo sasizuze ilifa kuqala nguThemis, emva koko nguFiebe, owunika uApollo. Umzukulwana omkhulu waqonda ubugcisa bokubhula phantsi kobunkokheli bePan, wafika kwisigcawu waza waba yintsimi yakhe, wabulala inamba. Emva koko, wayenokufumana kuphela ababingeleli kwiziko lakhe, ejika ihlengethwa aze axelele oomkhumbi benqanawa abadibana nayo ngokuya kwabo. Abanqwelisi bahamba baya eParnassus baza bakhela i-oracle, ebizwa ngokuba ngumfanekiso apho uApollo wabonakala kubo.
Ukuxhaswa okunzulu kwengqungquthela kwandinceda abakhonzi bakaThixo oqaqambileyo ukuba bathandeke kunye nobunzima kuluntu. Ithempeli yaziwa, i-decoration yayo yamangaliswa ngobutyebi-ukungabikho kweekomityi zegolide kunye nezinye iimpawu ezazingekho. Kwihlabathi la mandulo, i-Delphic oracle ayiyona indawo engcwele kuphela nabavumisi beengcali, kodwa kunye neziko lezopolitiko. Bobabini abalawuli kunye nabarhwebi banqwenela ukufumana imvume yoyilo lwabo, kwaye ngoko imikhosi kunye nokuthungelwano kworhwebo kwakusezandleni zababingeleli.
I-Delphic oracle - imbali
Uphando olwenziwe ngophando lwezinto zakudala luye lwabonisa ukuba imvelaphi yendawo engcwele ingekaxesha eliphambi kweGrike. Umhla ochanekileyo wesiseko sababhali-mlando kunzima ukubiza igama, kukholelwa ukuba i-oracle eDelphi ibonakale phakathi kwekhulu le-10 nelesithoba le-9 BC. Ngekhulu le-7 icawa yelitye yakhiwa, yatshiswa ngo-548 BC, yatshintshwa isakhiwo esihle kakhulu kwisitayela seDorian. Kwakukho iminyaka engama-175 ngaphambi kwenyikima, i-oracle entsha yakhiwa phakathi kweminyaka engama-369 no-339 BC, amanxuwa ayo ngoku afundiswa ngabaphandi. Ixesha elona lihle kakhulu lenzeke kwi-7 ukuya kwi-5 leminyaka BC. Ekugqibeleni itempile yavalwa ngo-279 AD.
UmPristi wesiprofethi saseDelphic
Ekuqaleni, iziprofeto zanikwa kuphela ngomhla wokuzalwa ka-Apollo, ngoko-7 kwinyanga nganye, kwaye yonke imihla. Ethempelini ye-Delphic oracle, wonke umntu wavunyelwa, ngaphandle kwabaphulaphuli. Ngaphambi kokuba unyango lo mbuzo wawufuneka uhambe kwinkqubo yokucoca. UPhithia waxela kwangaphambili, kwaye zachazwa ngababingeleli. Naliphi na ibhinqa, nokuba ngumfazi otshatileyo, unokuba yi-pythia, kodwa emva kokuthatha ireyithi wayedinga ukunyaniseka kunye nenkonzo yokuthandaza ku-Apollo. Ngaphambi komsebenzi, umfundisikazi wahlamba emthonjeni waza wambatha iingubo zakhe zegolide.
I-Delphic oracle yanikezwa ngezinto ezidakisayo, apho uPythia engenelela ukucwiliswa kwixesha elizayo. Ngokwemnandi wayengenakuthetha ngokucacileyo, ngoko ke kwakufuneka iinguquli, ekwazi ukunika intsingiselo kuwo onke amabinzana athetha. Abalobi bexesha elidala babenakho ukurekhoda iziprofeto ezininzi, ezinye zikhonkrithi, ezinye zazingqondweni.
I-Delphic oracle noSocrates
Izakhiwo nakumaxesha amandulo zathola imibhalo kwiindonga, i-oracle ka-Apollo eDelphi yayiqhayisa igama elithi "Zazi wena." Ububungqina buchazwe kwiingqondi ezahlukeneyo, uPlato wathi ibinzana kwisipho kumnumlilo oqaqambileyo senziwa ngabalingisi abasixhenxe. Kwaye uSocrates uthe la mazwi amkhokelela kumendo wophando lwefilosofi, isiphumo sokuba isiphetho malunga nobani phakathi komntu nomphefumlo, ubiza umzimba ukuba ube ngumculo. Ngoko ke, kwinkqubo yokwazi ngokwabo, umntu kufuneka ahlole umphefumlo wakhe.
I-Delphic oracle - izibikezelo
Asikho zonke iziprofeto ezisezantsi kwimbali, ezi zilandelayo ziyaziwa ngokubanzi.
- Ukuwela umlambo uGalis, uya kutshabalalisa ubukumkani obukhulu . Le ngxelo yafunyanwa nguCroesus ngexesha lemfazwe nePersia. Watshatyalalisa ubukumkani, kodwa yena ngokwakhe, kunye nababingeleli ekuphenduleni ukuthukuthela baphendule ukuba kwisiprofeto igama lenkqonqo eyinqobe ayizange.
- Ukulwa nemikhonto yesilivere . I-Delphic oracle yaxela ukuba uFilipu waseMacedown unokulwa nasiphi na imfazwe phambi kweendlela ezinjalo. Wayeyinye yezinto zokuqala zegolide ezenziwe ngegolide ezavulwa ngamasango kwinqaba yonke yamaGrisi, ebonakala ingenakulinganiswa.