Ukutshala i-strawberries - isiseko sokuvuna okucebileyo

Izityalo ze-Berry ziphela kwiindawo zokunyamekela: zinokukhula kwaye zivelise iziqhamo zombini, kunye nakwiindawo zokugcina izityalo, phantsi kwefilimu okanye kwiifotyambo zeentyatyambo ebhaleni. Ukususela kwimigqaliselo yemigaqo ephambili yokutyala kweerbriberries zedade kuxhomekeke kwimpilo yeehlathini ebhedini kunye nomthamo wokuvuna esizayo.

Imithetho yokutyala ama-strawberries

Ukutyala kwama-berries kungaqaliswa ukusuka kwiimbewu kunye nokuhlwayela ngqo imbewu. Ikhetho lesibini lisetyenziswe kangangoko: ukuba ucela umlimi ngamava malunga nendlela yokutshala i-strawberry ngokuchanekileyo, uya kuqalisa ibali lakhe ngokufumana okanye ukulima kwezityalo. Ngaphandle kwimicebiso yokutshala ingqalelo kwi:

1. Ukukhetha imbewu efanelekileyo. Kubaqalayo kunye nabemi beemimandla ezinomoya oshushu okanye obandayo, kungcono ukuqala iimvavanyo ngee hybridi - kwiiphakheji zazo zokubeka uphawu lweF1.
2. Ukuhluma kwiponji okanye kwipotton pad. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuba imbewu ichithwe kwindwangu ebomvu, isiqwenga seerubhi, i-cotton, kodwa kungekho emhlabathini. Le ndlela yokuhluma ixazulula ingxaki ye "imbewu engamanga", apho iipatti ze-peat zichitheka. Kwisitya seplastiki, iingubo okanye uboya bekoton ehlanjululwe ngamanzi, imbewu iyafakwa kuyo, eya kusetyenziselwa ukutshala i-strawberries yomhlaba. Isibambiso sivaliwe ngesiqhekeza kwaye sigcinwe kwindawo efudumele de ibe imbewu ikhule.
3. Ukukhawuleza. Ngaphambi kokudlulisela imbewu kwiibhodwe zezityalo, ubukhulu babo bunyuselwa ngokutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa. Ngomibini ngosuku, izitya zifakwe kwiqrijini iiyure eziyi-2-3 ukukhusela ukufa kwazo ngexesha lokuqala lokuqhwa.

Umhlaba ukwenzela ukutyala ama-strawberries

Isivuno sezityalo zeberry asichaphazeli kuphela ngamachumisi, kodwa nangomhlaba. Uninzi lwabalimi abanolwazi lokutshala ama-strawberries bayaqiniseka ukuba iintlobo zawo azikwazi ukunyamezela iziphumo ezivela kwi-calcium-carbonates. Ngako oko, akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa izicwangciso zegadi, apho iitamatisi, isiBulgaria kunye ne-pepper eshushu okanye iifatata zakhula ngonyaka odlulileyo. Khetha umhlaba ochanekileyo uza kunceda le mithetho elandelayo:

1. Ubuncinci buncinci beengxube zebumba. Iifom zamehlo ezinomthwalo obanzi emhlabeni, ukuthintela ukungena kwe-oksijini kunye nezondlo kwiingcambu. Ukuba umhlaba kwisayithi uphinde ubhekisele ku-loamy, uxutywe nomnxweme womlambo okanye ulwandle kwisilinganiso se-3: 1.
2. Umgangatho ophezulu wokuhlanganiswa komhlaba. Ukutyala kwama-strawberries kufuneka kubalwe ubude benkqubo engcambu ye-30 cm. Ubunzulu bomgodi wokungena, ngokuqwalasela ukunkcenkceshela kunye nokuxhaswa komhlaba, ubunokungenani ubuncinane be-45-50 cm.
3. Ukuphendula ngokumalunga nomyinge womhlaba ukuya kwi-humus. Igcina umswakama emhlabathini kwiintsuku ezinqamlekileyo, ngoko ke umgangatho we-humus we-3-5% ngowona xabiso eliphantsi kakhulu lokumba amahlathi emhlabathini.

Umgama phakathi kwama-strawberries ekuhlaleni

Kukho amaqhinga ama-4 okubeka indawo emanxwemeni kwingingqi: umgama phakathi kwabo kuxhomekeke ekukhethweni kwesikimu. Ukutyala okuchanekileyo kwama-strawberries kuhlulwa ngokwemiqathango elandelayo:

1. Ukuma ngokuhlukileyo. Iintlobo ezinokukhula ngamandla kuninzi zisasaza iingcambu kunye nemifuno emide. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba awanamathelisi, amadevu ayasuswa rhoqo, kwaye phakathi kweentsika, umgama wama-50-60 cm uyagcinwa.
2. Iindonga kwiqonga. Indawo yomyezo idibeneyo, iintlobo zityalo zityalwe kwimiqolo efana ne-15-20 cm. Ukuququzelela ukuchelela nokuvuna, ukuhlukanisa umgca kusekwe kwi-40-50 cm.
3. Ukutyala kwepatter of strawberries. Iintlobo ezinokukhula ezincinci zikhula kwindawo yombhede, zenze i-tappet kunye nama-masta. Izityalo zityalwe ngokukhawuleza ukuba ngaphantsi kwamagqabi abo aphezulu i-microclimate yenziwe, incedo kwimimandla yamvula.
4. Ukuphuma kwezilwanyana. Ephakathi kwegadi yasetyhula yatshala enye ihlathi, apho iyakutyala khona ezintandathu. Umgama phakathi kwezityalo ezakhelene nawo akufanele ube ngaphantsi kwama-5-6 cm, phakathi kwamagquma angama-40 cm.

Unganisela njani ama-strawberries emva kokutyala?

Esinye seziganeko eziphambili zokugcina isivuno sombhede lizinga lamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba. Zifanele zifumaneke zingasondele ngaphezu kwe-1 m ukuya emhlabathini. Ephakamileyo kwinqanaba, iingaphantsi kaninzi imibhede iya kuncitshiswa, kwaye ngokufanayo. Ukunkcenkceshwa emva kokutshala ama-strawberries kufuneka kuthathe ingqalelo iimpawu zesityalo:

1. Inkqubo yezityalo zeberry ngokuqhelekileyo isebenza kuphela xa amanzi efunyenwe kunye nobude obubanzi beqonga eliphantsi komhlaba. Ngoko ke, awukwazi ukunkcenkcesha enye inxalenye yalo okanye uthembele kumanzini angaphantsi komhlaba.
2. Umswakama okhuphukayo uvela emhlabathini ngethuba lesibini sokuqala lokutshiza kufuneka kuvele ngeyure ekuseni.
3. Ukutshala i-strawberries ayinyamezeli ukutyisa nge-jet yecala okanye ngokufafaza. Uxinzelelo lwamanzi aphezulu lugqithisa iingcambu, ngoko ukususela ngexesha lokubonakala kwala ma sheetshi nangaphambi kokuvelisa, sebenzisa i-nozzle-sprayer.

Iifomflethi zee-strawberries ngexesha lokutyala

Ngaphandle kochumiso olukhethekileyo (i-organic or chemical) amajikijolo agula okanye akhula kakhulu. Ukulwa nempembelelo yomhlaba kunye neengcambu, zixutywa ukuba zidibaniswe ezi zihlandlo ezintathu kwixesha lonke: emva kokutshintshwa okanye ukuvela kwamagqabi, xa ziqhuma kwaye zivelisa iziqhamo. Luhlobo luni lwesichumiso sokutshala ama-strawberries ayengasetyenziswanga, kufuneka lubandakanye:

• umgquba ;
• humus;
• urea ;
• superphosphate ;
• umlotha;
• ityuwa ye potassium.

Imihla yokutshala i-Strawberry

Njengokuba kukho nayiphi na isivuno segadi, i-strawberry inexesha elifanelekileyo lokudlulisa izityalo phantsi, phantsi kwayo akuyi kufa. Into echazayo apha iimeko zemozulu: izityalo akufanele zijongane neqhwa okanye imvula. Imihla yokutshala i-strawberries entwasahlobo ihluke kwi-autumn, kuba zijoliswe ekuphumezeni iziphumo ezahlukeneyo:

1. Ekuqaleni kukaKwindla, iiberry ezihlazileyo ezantsi zitsalwe kwiibhedi, ukuze i-mustaches kunye ne-rosettes zivele kuyo. Emva kokutshala ngokutsha, isivuno siya kuncitshiswa ngumlinganiselo we-1.5-2. Kwinqanaba eliphakathi, le ntshukumo yenziwe ukusuka ngoMatshi 15 ukuya ku-Ephreli 1.
2. Ekwindla, ityala libuthathaka elincinci, elingenakukwazi ukusinda ebudeni behlobo. Ukutshintshela emhlabathini kwenziwa ngoJulayi 25 ukuya kuSeptemba 15.

Indlela yokutshala i-strawberry entwasahlobo?

Ngezolo lasehlobo, ingozi enkulu yamajikijolo i-wheatgrass kunye namanye ukhula, ngoko-ke ngaphambi kokutsalwa kwama-strawberries entwasahlobo, i-ridge igqityiwe kwaye iingcambu zezinye izityalo zisuswe. Ezinye izenzo zi:

1. Ukwanda kwe-acidity yomhlaba. Ukuxilisa ukusebenzisa isisombululo esinomsoco we-limestone.
2. Ukudluliselwa kumhlaba, kusetyenziswe imifuno yamanzi okanye i-bushes, ubukhulu be-stem obuyi-6 mm.
3. Ukutyala kwama-strawberries kwenziwa emva kokuba ulele evulekile emthunzini iintsuku ezingama-2-3.
4. Izithombo zihlonyelwe emigodini eyomileyo, ephantsi apho kufuneka kube khona umlotha. Ukunyanzela umhlaba emva kokumba ngezandla zakho, amahlumela kufuneka athululelwe kakhulu.

Indlela yokutshala i-strawberry ekwindla?

Abaqalayo kufuneka baphathe ihlathini ekuwa, kungekhona entwasahlobo. Emva koko ithuba lokunciphisa kunye nokufa kwesityalo linyamalalala. Ukuqonda indlela yokutshala kakuhle i-strawberries emva kokuvuna, kufuneka ulandele imithetho emininzi:

1. Ukukhethwa kwendawo evulekile yomhlaba evuthayo ilanga phezu kwehlobo. Kule meko, umhlaba uya kupholisa ngokukhawuleza njengoko kunokwenzeka.
2. Ixesha lokutyala lichongiwe ngokuzimela - ubuncinane inyanga enye kufuneka ihlale ihlale iqhwa.
3. Umhlaba awukhuselekanga kwi-nematodes ye-strawberry ngamanzi kunye nokongezwa kwe-ammonia.
4. Umhlaba, uhlonywe kwiimingxube, uxutywe kunye nomgquba kwisilinganiso se-6: 1 uze usibuyisele emingxeni emva kokuba ibekwe emanzini.
5. Ekwindla, ukutyala ama-strawberries kunye nemifuno iyakuthandwa kakhulu. I-rosette eneziqu ezide zifakwa kwiipotlo ekupheleni kukaJuni kwiiveki ezingama-2-3. Xa i-rosette ithatha ingcambu, ityathwa ngokukodwa kwesikimu esiqhelekileyo.
6. Ukutyala kuhlanganiswa ngento yokufudumala-ifilimu eninzi.

Iindlela zokutshala ama-strawberries

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuhlakulela le berry ukuba akuyimfuneko ukuba ube neendawo ezinkulu zesityalo ukuvuna. Qinisekisa indlela yokutshala ama-strawberries, ngokusekelwe kwiminqweno okanye amathuba okulima. Kukho iindlela ezine eziphambili zokwenza oku:

• ukufika kwindawo evulekile;
• ukulima;
• Ukutyala ama-strawberries kwizinto eziphathekayo;
• ukufika kwiipayipi.

Inkqubo yokutyala ama-strawberries kwindawo evulekile

Ngenxa yokuba i-berry ayithobekiyo ekubunjweni komhlaba, ibekezelela umhlaba omhle kunye ne-predator ye-peat okanye i-sandstone. Ukutyala nokunyamekela ama-strawberries kwindawo evulekileyo kuthatha ulandelelwano lwamanqanaba:

• ukutshabalalisa umhlaba;
• ukumba iifari eziphuma kwiipatiti zepat kunye ne-clay;
• ukungcwaba izitshalo kunye nentamo enkulu entanjeni;
• Ukudala kwidonga kunye nokugcina umgama kwiindlela ezikhethiweyo zokufika.

Ukutyala ama-strawberries phantsi kwefilimu

Ukulima phantsi kwefilimu kukuvumela ukuba ukhethe amajikijolo kwinyanga ngaphambi komhla ofunekayo. Njengoko utshala i-strawberry phantsi kwefilimu, ingafakwa phantsi kwe-agrofiber. Zombini iindlela zenza i-microclimate ekhethekileyo kwibhedi, ikhuselekile kwizinambuzane kunye nobuninzi obuninzi. I-Agrotechnics kule meko isebenza oku kulandelayo:

• Ukulungiswa kwebhedi nge-top convex phezulu;
• indawo yokukhusela kunye neqabana lefilimu okanye intsimbi ekhethekileyo emva kokunisela;
• Ukulungiswa kwee-slits kwizinto zokumboza ngeqabunga, ngaphandle kokungenakwenzeka ukutshala i-strawberries phantsi kwe-agrofiber;
• Ukutyala izithombo kwiindawo ezinqabileyo;
• ukuthambisa nokunyuka ukucoca njengoko kuyimfuneko.

Ukutyala ama-strawberries kwimibhobho

Ukutyala kwamajikijolo kwimibhobho kungabinikwa ngokubini kwaye ngokukodwa. Ukwahlukana nje kuphela kukuba ukutshala izithombo zeerberberries kwimibhobho ngokukhawuleza kuthatha indawo engaphezulu kwendawo yonke yesayithi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo luni lwepayipi, lwenziwa ngokulandela le algorithm elandelayo:

1. Iipayipi zetsimbi ezincinci, iplastiki okanye i-PVC zinqunywe ubude obude.
2. Kwiyibhubhe nganye, izimbobo zidibene okanye zihlawuliswe ngobubanzi ubuncinane obuyi-8-10 cm.
3. Umhlaba ukhululiwe kwaye wangcwatyelwa kwimibhobho kunye nechumisi, kuba ngekamva akuyi kusebenza ngokulinganayo ukuzalisa umhlaba ngezinto ezincedo.
4. Kwiimibhobho, zilungisa iplagi kwaye zizilungise ngodongwe olwandisiweyo.
5. I-Strawberries zityalwe emingxondeni ngaphandle kokugxininisa intamo entlangeni. Izimbobo zakhe zenza ngeminwe yazo.

Ukutyala okutshatywayo kwama-strawberries

Kwiindawo zokudibanisa igadidi akukho ndawo i-ridge enkulu ekuhlaleni ama-strawberries, kodwa oku akuyi kuba ngumqobo kwisitya esinengqondo. Kulula ukufunda indlela yokutshala izityalo zee-strawberries - zikho iindlela ezimbini zokwenza oku:

1. I-chain-pyramid ephuma kwiibhendi zamadamitha ahlukeneyo, amathayi okanye isifuba. Ukufika kwe-Multilevel kungenziwa kwifenitsha endala kunye neebhokisi, izakhiwo zeerubha zeemoto okanye udibaniso lweembiza ezininzi. Kwiibhokisi zefenitshala okanye izimbobo kumathayi, umhlaba ungcwatywa, apho izityalo zityalwa khona.
2. Ukuyilwa kwe-cylindrical yensimbi okanye i-mesh. "Umbhobho" onokuphakama kwe-1.5-2 m uqhutyelwa emhadini waza wagcwaliswa ngomhlaba ofanelekileyo. I-Strawberry bushs ihlonyelwe emigodini: ukunyamekela kwabo kuya kuncitshiswa kwaye kuluhluze amadevu. Ukuchumisa kuphela umquba ococekileyo ufanelekile.

Ukutyala ama-strawberries kunye nembewu

Nangona indlela yokuhamba ngokuthe ngqo kumhlaba ayithathwa njengeyintandokazi, inabalandeli bayo. Kwiindawo ezimanzi nezifudumele abaninzi balapho balinganisa ukukhula kwezityalo njengexesha lokuchitha ixesha, kuba akudingeki ukuba bunzima kwaye bahlalutye umhlaba. Le ndlela ayinakuyithintela ukulawulwa komgangatho womhlaba: phambi kokutshala izithombo zee-strawberries okanye imbewu, iibhedi zifafazwe nge-substrate okanye i-humus. Phakathi kweminye imithetho yokuhlwayela indlela ecacileyo ibonisa:

1. Khetha ixesha lokuhluma. Ukuba imbewu iyabonakala kwiipateni kwindlu okanye i-glass-in balcony, umhlaba ovulekileyo unqanda imbewu yelungelo lokufumana ubushushu ngexesha lesigaba sokukhula esisebenzayo. Ithuba lokucwiliswa kwabo emhlabeni lihamba ukusuka ekuqaleni kukaMatshi ukuya phakathi koAprili, xa umngcipheko weqabunga uncitshiswa
2. Ukuxuba. Ukukhusela ngokuchasene nokutshintshwa kweqondo lokushisa kunye nezinambuzane zokuqala, iinqonga zifafazwe nge-sawdust, iindawo zokuhlala ezindala okanye iinaliti. Ingubo ephakamileyo yomhlaba kunye nokutshala kwe-mulch of strawberries iya kuba negalelo kwaye iya kubonga ngokungena.
3. Ukususa amaphepha ezantsi . Xa amaqabunga ama-3-4 avela kwingxenyeni ephezulu yombhobho, aphantsi ayancipha ngobumnene ukuze zonke iJusi ziqhubekele ekuphuhlisweni kwezinto ezintsha.