Ukunyaniseka kwabantwana

Ukunyanyisa isifo esingapheliyo apho amaninzi amaninzi aqokelela emzimbeni. I-WHO ibona ukunyamezeka njengengqungquthela: kumazwe aphuhlisiwe kwezoqoqosho, malunga ne-15% yabantwana kunye nabaselula abakhathazekile. Ngokutsho koogqirha bezilwanyana, ukunyamezela kubantwana kudla ngokuba yindlela yokuphila kwanamhlanje. Xa ukungena kwamandla emzimbeni kudlula ukusetyenziswa kwayo, iindwendwe ziqokelela ngendlela yeekhilogram ezingaphezulu.

Ukwahlula ukunyanya kwabantwana

• Ukukhuluphala kokuqala kubangelwa kukungondleki (ukutya okunokutya) okanye kwi-heredity (siseko).
• Ukukhuluphala kwesibini kubangelwa ngenxa yezifo ezingapheliyo kunye nemvelaphi yomsebenzi ongafanelekanga weengqungquthela ze-endocrine.

Amagatya okunyanya kwabantwana

Ukuxilongwa ngokunyamezela kubantwana nakwiintsholongwane kuncitshiswa ukuba kubalwe kwitekisi yomzimba, ogqitywa yindlela ekhethekileyo: i-BMI (isisombululo somzimba) = ubunzima bomntwana: isikwere sokuphakama kwimitha.

Umzekelo, umntwana oneminyaka engama-7. Ukuphakama kwe-1.20 m, ubunzima beekhilo 40. I-BMI = 40: (1.2x1.2) = 27.7

Kukho amazinga amane okunyanya:

• I-degree-1: I-BMI idlulele kwisiqhelo ngo-15-25%;
• I-2-degree: i-BMI idlula isiqhelo ngo-26-50%;
• I-3-degree: I-BMI idlula isiqhelo ngo-51-100%;
• I-degree-4: i-BMI idlula isiqhelo ngaphezu kwama-100%.

Uluhlu lwesisindo somzimba kunye nokuphakama kwamakhwenkwe namantombazana

Umlinganiselo wesisindo kubantwana ukuya kunyaka uzimisele ngokufumana ubunzima bokulinganisela ubunzima: ngomnyaka wesigxina umntwana udla ngokuphindaphinda ubunzima bakhe, nangomhla ahamba ngawo. Ukuqala kokunyamezela kwabantwana ukuya kunyaka kunokuqwalaselwa ubuninzi bomzimba obuninzi ngaphezu kwe-15%.

Iimbangela zokunyanya kwabantwana

1. Isizathu esona siqhelekileyo sokunyanya ukuthotyelwa kukungondleki kunye nendlela yokuphila.
2. Ukugqithisela kwiintsana kubangelwa ukwethulwa okungafanelekanga kokutya okudibeneyo kunye nokugqithisa ngeendlela zobisi.
3. Ukunyameka kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokungahlali kokuzalwa kwamahomoni e-thyroid.
4. Isizathu sokunyanya kubantwana nakwishumi elivisayo kukuntuleka kwe-iod emzimbeni.
5. Ukuba ngaba abazali bobabini banesifo sokunyanya, umngcipheko wokuphulela esi sifo kumntwana u-80%, ukuba ukukhuluphala kubakho kuphela kumama, ubunokwenzeka bokugqithisa kakhulu - 50%, ubunzima obunzima bobawo, ithuba lokunyanya kumntwana ngu-38%.

Unyango lokunyanyisa kubantwana

Ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokunyanya nokuphuma kwayo, unyango lubandakanya ukuzivocavoca kunye nokutya. Ukunyangwa ngokufanelekileyo kwesi sifo kuxhomekeke ekukhetheni okuchanekileyo kweendlela abazali nabazali abanokukulandela ngokufanelekileyo ixesha elide.

Ukutya umntwana obutyebileyo

Ukutya kwabantwana abagqithisileyo kufuneka kube ngabanye abakhethiweyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukutya okudityaniswa kweekhalori kumiselwe. Nantsi kubalulekile ukuba sicinge ukuba ukungabi nkulu kweekhalori kunempembelelo embi kwi-metabolism, ngoko ukutya kufuneka kube ne-250-600 kilocalories ngaphantsi kwezinga lemihla ngemihla.

Ukutya okunengqiqo kubantwana abane-1 ne-2 degrees of obesity kubandakanya ukunciphisa umxholo we-caloric wokutya ngenxa yeemfuyo zezilwanyana kunye ne-carbohydrates ecocekileyo. Ukutya okungqongqo kunye nokubala okuchanekileyo kokutya kwansuku zonke kunconywa kubantwana nakwishumi elivisayo kunye nama-3-4 degrees of obesity. Zonke iintlobo ze-confectionery, ufulawa, i-pasta, iziphuzo ezinxilisayo (kubandakanywa ne-carbonated), iziqhamo ezinomsoco kunye namajikijolo (iidiliya, amabhanana, ama-raisins) apheliswe ngokupheleleyo ekudleni kunye nemifuno iyancitshiswa sityebi kwisitashi (amazambane).

Umsebenzi womzimba wabantwana abancinci.

Umsebenzi womzimba uquka imfundo yemvelo, imidlalo yezemidlalo, imidlalo yangaphandle. Ukuze umntwana abonise umdla kumsebenzi osebenzayo, abazali kufuneka banomdla kubantwana ngokomzekelo wabo, kuba akusiyo nto into yokuba ubulumko bulumko uthi umntwana ufunda oko akubona ekhaya lakhe.

Njengemfazwe, kunye nokuthintela ukunyanya kwabantwana, unokubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwansuku zonke kwindlela yakho yemihla ngemihla, eya kuphucula impilo yakho, kwaye inokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki zobunzima obunzima.