Kulo shishini kwintsimi akukho zincinci: ikamva lesityalo lixhomekeke ngokulinganayo kumgangatho wembewu, kunye nenani lokunkcenkceshela, kunye nexesha lokufaka isicelo sesichumiso. Ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kokutya kwamakhukhamba kwindawo evulekile kunceda izityalo zenze i-ovary epheleleyo kwaye zixhathise ngokupheleleyo izifo kunye nezinambuzane.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwamakhukhamba kwimimiselo evulekile
Ngokubhekisele kwizichumisi, iicucumber isiko libonakalisa ukuba yi-perfume engenangqondo - yinto nje ayikukholisanga ukuba kunokuba iindawo zokucoca ngamakhukhamba, "izimpembelelo" zijikeleze kuzo zonke izikhokelo zivela kwintsimi. Ngoko ke, ukuchumisa izithombo zamakhukhamba kufuneka kuqale kwisigaba samagqabi amabini. Kwixesha elizayo, ukukhupha ukhukhamba okwenyuka ukondla kuya kuba namaxesha angaphezulu amane: iintsuku ezili-15 emva kokufudukela kwindawo evulekile, emva kokuvela kweprayuncles zokuqala kwaye kabini ngexesha lokuchuma.
Ikhukhamba nganye inesifiso sayo sokondla ukukhupha ukhukhamba kwindawo evulekile, apho iikomkomi zikhula njengemvubelo kwaye ibe yona nto inomdla kakhulu kwaye iyancwina. Musa ukudideka kwaye ukhethe ukhetho olufanelekileyo luya kunceda umgaqo olula: uhlobo lwesichumisi ngqo kuxhomekeke ekufudumele kwehlobo. Inyaniso kukuba iingcambu zamakhukhamba kuphela kwimozulu eshushu ziyakwazi ukufumana ngokupheleleyo izondlo ezisemhlabeni. Kwihlobo elibandayo kulufanelekile ukukhetha ukhetho oluphezulu lwesicocumber kwindawo evulekile.
Naluphi na indlela yokutya iikomkom (ingcambu okanye i-foliar) ayinakukhethwa, kuba ukuphunyezwa kwayo kungcono ukhethe ixesha lokuhlwa okanye ilanga elifudumeleyo. Faka isicelo sesichumiso emhlabathini emva kokunisela okanye imvula eninzi. Xa ucofa ukugqoka okuphezulu, qiniseka ukuba isisombululo siwela kumaqabunga ngamaconsi ahlekileyo kwinqanaba elifanayo. Ngexesha elide liza kuhlala ngaphantsi lithembela ngaphi izinto ezinobuncwane ezikhupha iicucumber. Enye inkohliso-ishushu isisombululo sesondlo, ngokukhawuleza kuya kufakwa.
Ukugqoka kokuqala kwamakhukhamba
Izityalo zekhamkcle ziphume ngokuphumelelayo ukusuka kwiibhokisi okanye ezimbizeni ukuya kwindawo evulekile, zaqala kwaye zaza zaqala ukukhula. Kwaye ke, kuyo yonke inkazimulo yayo phambi komthengisi wemifuno, umbuzo uvela - njani ukondla ukhukhamba emva kokufika? Njengoko sele kukhankanywe ngasentla, ukuqala kokuchumisa kwenzeka emva kweentsuku ezi-14 ukuya kwe-15 emva kokufudukela kwindawo evulekileyo, kwaye ukuziphatha kwayo kulunge ukusebenzisa izichumisi eziququzelelweyo: i- mullein ukumnika okanye umgquba wenkukhu, uhlanjululwe ngo-1:10. Sebenzisa ezi zixhobo kufuneka uqaphele kakhulu, kuba ziyakonakalisa izimpande ezibuthathaka.
Ukongezwa kwamakhukhamba ngexesha lokubhola
Indlela eqinisekisiweyo yokufumana iicucumber "enye ukuya kwelinye" iingubo eziphambili ngexesha lokusila. Kunconywa ukuba usebenzise umquba ohlaza owenziwe ngotshani. Ukuqokelela emva kokutshisa ingca kufuneka kugcwaliswe inani elifanayo lamanzi kwaye livumele ukuba lifumane ubuncinane ngeveki. Umbane obangelwayo kufuneka uhlanjululwe kathathu ngamanzi afudumeleyo. Akunakulungele ukulungiselela ukungabikho kwamaminerali ngokusondeza ukhukhamba ngomxube we-superphosphate, i-ammonium kunye ne-nitrate ye-potassium (40 + 30 + 20 g).
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-cucumber ehlabathini evulekileyo kubangele inambuzane ebaluleke kakhulu ekuveliseni i-pollination, ibe negalelo ekubunzeni i-ovary. Ukuze uyenze, ungasebenzisa umxube we-boric acid (2 g) kunye noshukela (100 g), uwahluthe kwiitre eli-1 lamanzi afudumele. Enye indlela yokomeleza ukhukhamba kukufafaza ngesisombululo se-superphosphate (35 g kwibhakethi nganye yamanzi afudumeleyo).
Ungondla njani ukhukhamba ekuqaleni kokukhula?
Ngexesha lokukhula okusebenzayo kunoma yiphina isityalo, i-nitrogen ibalulekile. Ukuba iimbewu zekhukhamba zikhula zihlambulukile, musa ukukhawuleza ukuba utyumle, umbuzo uvela: "Unokutya njani iikomkomi zokukhula?" Umququzeleli omhlaza ngokudibanisa nesisombululo samaminerali uya kusombulula ingxaki. Njengendlela yokugqoka ephezulu, isisombululo se- urea sinokusetyenziswa. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba le nto inobundlobongela kwaye inokulimaza ikhukhamba yentaba. Ngako oko, ukugqoka okuphezulu kweemkhukhamba kwindawo evulekile nge-urea kufuneka kwenziwe ngekhambi elibuthathaka kakhulu - akukho ngaphezu kwe-40 g nganye kwibhakethi yamanzi.
Indlela yokutya iikomkom ngexesha lokutshala?
Ukusebenzisa ngamandla abo ekuvelweni kwe-ovary nokukhula kweziqhamo, iimbumba zekompe phantsi kwecocekileyo zikhupha zonke izondlo ezisemhlabeni. Ukondla ngokufanelekileyo amakhukhamba ngethuba lokuvelisa i-fruiting kungabuyiselanga kuphela ukulinganisela kwezinto ezisemhlabeni, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukunyusa ixesha lokuchuma. Ukutya kwamakhukhamba kwindawo evulekileyo ngeli xesha kufuneka kube bunzima kwaye kubandakanye i-organic (ingxube yobuncani obuhlaza okanye i-floral fried diluted 5 times), amaminerali (1 inkomishi yomlotha, 25 g ye-nitrate ye-nitrate kunye ne-50 g yerea nganye ngeekitha ezili-10 zamanzi) kunye unyango lwe-foliar (10-12 g urea kwibhakethi ngalinye yamanzi).
Iikotyu zikhula kakuhle - njani zokutya?
Iimeko xa ikhukhamba ihluma, ibuna, kwaye esikhundleni sekhukhamba ezigqithisileyo zibonakala zihluke ngokungafaniyo, zithi umhlabathi awunasondlo. Kwaye ukuqonda indlela yokondla izityalo zekhukhamba kwintsimi egadile izakuzinceda ukhukhamba:
- i-bulb-fruit, ehlanjululwe kwisiseko kwaye isondela emsila, yathetha nge-starassium yindlala, eyinokupheliswa ngophiso okanye i-potassium phosphate isisombululo;
- zixhamle kwiimpawu, kodwa ziqhamo zikhawuleza, iziqhamo ezikhanyayo zeziqhamo kunye nemivimbo, ukuphuhla kakuhle amaqabunga kunye neengqungquthela zomqondiso malunga nokunqongophala kwe-nitrojeni, eya kuthi yongezwe ngezondlo zondlo;
- eluhlaza obumnyama obunomfusa obomvu kunye namaqabunga, obumnyama kunye nobungqina obunobungozi bokungabikho kwe-phosphorus, kunye namabala aphuzi okanye aphukile kumagqabango bubonakaliso bokungabikho kwe-magnesium, ekugqibeleni ukuba kuyona nto ingcono ukusebenzisa i-mineral complexes.
Kungcono ukondla ukhukhamba?
Kangakanani iminyaka umntu ungumhlobo kunye nenkcubeko yekhukhamba, iingxabano ezininzi azipheli, indlela yokutya kakuhle ukhukhamba kwindawo evulekileyo kunye ne-greenhouse. Yintoni ebhetele, ukugqoka okuphezulu kwimikhukhamba okanye ukutywinwa kokutya emhlabathini, izityalo ezicwangcisiweyo ezenziwe ngokufanelekileyo okanye iindlela ezininzi eziphilayo - akukho mpendulo ecacileyo. Kodwa xa uhlakulela ukhukhamba kwisibhedlele sakho, kwiindawo ezikude ukusuka kumashishini, akufanelekile ukulibala ngokukhuseleko lwabantu. Emva koko, zonke izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukondla iikomkom ehlabathini elivulekileyo, ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwezityalo kunye nomzimba wethu.
Ukongeza ikhukhamba kwimvubelo
Ukubonakaliswa okuqhelekileyo kokukhula njengemvubelo kuyinyaniso nakweemivimbo yekhukhamba. Isidlo sokuqhumisa iikomkom isishukumisi esihle sokukhula kunye nokuvelisa. I-fungus ye-fungus isebenze inkqubo yokuchithwa kwezinto eziphilayo emhlabathini, ezinceda iingcambu zifumane ngezinye ii-nitrogen kunye ne-potassium. Ukuhlakulela kweso sityalo, iikomkom zibhetele ngokubhekiselele kwizifo, imozulu kunye nokuhlaselwa kwezilwanyana.
Ukulungiselela isilungisi sesonka, ungasebenzisa imvubelo yesibini kunye neentlobo zawo ezinomileyo. I-recipe yeklasi yokondla yile ndlela ilandelayo: i-5 litres zamanzi zithatha i-kilogram e-fresh (i-briquetted) okanye i-5 grams yemvubelo eyomileyo, yongeza ishukela encinci kwaye ushiye kwindawo efudumeleyo ngemini 1. Umbane obangelwayo uhlanjululwe ngamalitha ama-50 wamanzi kwaye esi sixazululo sinamanzi kwindawo evulekile phantsi kweengcambu phantsi kweengcambu.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwamakhukhamba ngomlotha
I-ash esele emva kokutshiswa komlotha othungileyo ngamatye yindlela efanelekileyo yokubulala iintaka ezimbini ngelitye elinye: uhlambulule indawo yamasebe angafunekiyo kwaye uyomeleze izityalo. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba iimveliso zityalo kuphela zingasetyenziswa njengezichumisi, kodwa kungekhona izinto zokwakha kunye nkunkuma yamakhaya. Ukwakhiwa komthi okanye umlotha wesitofu uqukethe i-calcium, i-magnesium, i-lime kunye ne-magnesium. Ukongeza iikomkom ehlabathini evulekile kunye nomlotha kungabakhusela kwizifo ezifayo kunye nezinye iintlekele, kuphucula ukubunjwa komhlaba.
Ungondla njani iikomkom ngomlotha? Ungayisebenzisa kokubili kwifom eyomileyo nokulungiselela isisombululo. Umlotha omanzi uveliswa kusasa, de de deed out or immediately after rain. Ukulungiselela isisombululo, i-100 gram yezinto eziluhlaza zihlanjululwa kwibhakethi eli-1 lamanzi, linyanzelwa iiveki. Ixhoba elikhuphayo lifafaza ngeenkompo zekhukhamba, lijonge ukusabalalisa ngokufanayo kweso sityalo. Okubaluleke ngokukodwa ukongezwa okongezelelweyo ngexesha lokuqhaqha kunye ne-ovary.
Ukongezwa kwamakhukhamba nge-iodine
Enye indlela yokukhuphula iikomkom ephilileyo i-iodine supplementation. Le micronutrient ayinayo inzuzo kuphela ekukhuleni nasekubunjweni kwe-ovary, kodwa iphinde iqhube kakuhle ngesibetho esikhulu samabhakede ekhukhamba - ukubola okukhulu. Ukupomfaza, lungisa isisombululo sesondlo, uchithe kwi-10 litres zamanzi 30 amaconsi e-iodine tincture. Ukuphucula umphumo, yongeza ubisi kunye nesepha encinci kwisisombululo. Ukusetyenziswa ngokuphambili kwamakhukhamba kwenziwa ngokukhawuleza emva kokutsalwa, kwaye kuphinda kuphindwe rhoqo iintsuku eziyi-15-20.
Ukondla ngesonka kwiikomkom
Indlela elula kakhulu kwaye engabizi kakhulu yokutya iikomkom ehlabathini isichumisi, iphekwe kwisonka sesonka esiqhelekileyo. Ingasetyenziselwa njengenxalenye yesongezelelo semvubelo, ukongeza i-crusts yezonka kwibhakethi kunye nesilonda sokuvumba. Kwaye unokufaka nje umgqomo ovaliwe kwisayithi, uzalise ngamanzi uze ulahle yonke inkunkuma yezonka apho. Njengoko usebenzisa itanki iya kugcwala ngamanzi acocekileyo. Ngale ndlela elula, izityalo ziya kufumana isichumisi esongezelelweyo esibalulekileyo, kwaye akukho nto iya kutshabalala kwifama.
Ukutya kwamakhukhamba nge-boric acid
I-Boron ibhekisela kwizinto ezingenakucingeka ukuba zilungiswe, okanye zivelise nantoni na izityalo. Nangona kunjalo, isixa salo mhlaba emhlabathini kulo lonke ixesha kufuneka sibe kwizinga elifanayo. Ukungabikho kwe-boron kuthinta umbala wezityalo kunye nokukwazi ukuvelisa iziqhamo. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwamakhukhamba kunye nezilwanyana ezinjenge-boron, zinika iimbhokhwe amandla okukhula ngokukhawuleza, okwenza iziqhamo ezinomsoco kwaye zicolile.
Ukulungiselela isisombululo esinomsoco we-10 gram ye-asidi yokutshabalalisa ilitha lamanzi afudumeleyo, uze ulethe umthamo wamanzi ukuya kwiititha ezili-10. Umxube obangelwayo uhlanjululwa ngamagqabi kunye namakhukhamba e-ovary, ukhetha le nkqubo ngenjengokusasa okanye ifufu, ilanga elingenamhla. Unyango luqhutyelwa kabini kwithuba: okokuqala emva kokutshala ebhedeni, kwaye okwesibini ngexesha lokuveliswa kwesiqhamo.
Ukutya kwamakhukhamba ngobisi
Enye inketho, kunokuba unako ukondla ukhukhamba-ubisi. Lo mveliso onomsoco kwaye unonondlo uya kuzisa inzuzo eninzi kunye neebhakede zekhukhamba:
- eziqulethwe ngobisi lwe potassium kunye ne-calcium ziya kusebenza njengento yokukhula esityalo;
- Ifilimu yobisi, eyenziwe phezu kwamagqabi iya kuba ngumqobo ongenakunqandeka kwiinambuzane kunye nezifo eziphilayo;
- izondlo kunye ne-lactic acid kusebenze ukuchithwa kwezinto eziphilayo emhlabathini.
Ukulungiselela amasiksi ebisi evulekile, ilitha yobisi kufuneka ihlanjululwe ngamalitha amahlanu amanzi kwaye ngokunyanisekileyo ithulule isityalo ngasinye phantsi kwengcambu. Unokwenza ulwabiwo lwamasi, ukuqinisa imiphumo yonyango-yokukhusela okucetyiswayo ukuba ungeze amaconsi ama-30 e-iodine kwisisombululo. Kule meko, iikomkom ziya kufumana umthamo ofunekayo we potassium kunye ne-calcium, kunye nokukhuselwa kwizifo ezifayo.
Ukongezwa kwamakhukhamba kwi-saltpeter
Iikhukhamba, izichumisi ezingazange zenziwe ngexesha okanye ngokungalunganga, azikwazi ukwenza isityalo esipheleleyo. Kwiimeko zeemibhede ezincinci, i-calcium nitrate yintlambo yangempela yamakhukhamba. Akukhuthazi nje kuphela ukuvuselela ngokukhawuleza ukukhula okuluhlaza, kodwa kuqinisa amandla omzimba wesityalo. Ngokungafani ne-ammonium, i-calcium nitrate ingasetyenziselwa ngokukhuselekileyo, njengoko inokulimaza kakhulu iikomkom. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwi-foliar yekotyi kwindawo evulekile ne-nitrate inokwenziwa rhoqo iintsuku ezili-10, ukulungiselela isisombululo kwisantya se-10 grams yesichumisi nge-5 litres zamanzi.