Uhlobo lwe-Ethiopia

I-Ethiopia itholakala kwiibhande ze-subequatorial kunye ne-equatorial, kodwa imozulu yemo imiselwa kukuphakama kwinqanaba elwandle-eli liphezulu kunazo zonke amazwe ase-Afrika. Imozulu apha iyakhupheka kwaye inomswakama, kwaye singatsho ukuba uhlobo lwaseTopiya lugqithise kakhulu nakwamanye amazwe kulo mmandla.

Imilambo namachibi

I-Ethiopia itholakala kwiibhande ze-subequatorial kunye ne-equatorial, kodwa imozulu yemo imiselwa kukuphakama kwinqanaba elwandle-eli liphezulu kunazo zonke amazwe ase-Afrika. Imozulu apha iyakhupheka kwaye inomswakama, kwaye singatsho ukuba uhlobo lwaseTopiya lugqithise kakhulu nakwamanye amazwe kulo mmandla.

Imilambo namachibi

Imifula yaseTopiya igcwele ngokupheleleyo kwaye ilawulwa ngokugqibeleleyo ukunkcenkceshela kuwo wonke umhlaba wezolimo. Ininzi yemilambo engxenyeni esentshonalanga yeentlabathi zaseTopiya iyingxowankulu yeNayile. Iyona mkhulu kunemijelo yeentaba, i-Abbay, ekufikeleleni kwayo ephantsi ibizwa ngokuthi yiBlue Nile , kwaye ikhona kuyo imithombo yamanzi yaseTopiya enhle kunazo zonke - iTys-Isat , ekuphakameni kwayo kufinyelela kwimitha engama-45, kunye nobubanzi bu-400 m.

Enye imilambo emikhulu yalo mmandla kukuba:

• Takaze;
• Baro;
• Gilo.

Imilambo engasempuma-mpuma yeeNtshonalanga yamaTopiya ine-runoff e-Ocean Ocean. Iyona enkulu kunazo zonke yi-Uabi-Shabelle, kunye nemifula eyaziwa yiJubba. Kwakhona kufuneke ukuba kuqwalaselwe imilambo enjengeArash ne- Omo .

Kuninzi e-Ethiopia kunye namachibi, zombini namanzi ashushu. Uninzi lwawo luMmandla oMkhulu weRift. Kodwa ilitye elikhulu kunazo zonke eTopiya, eTana, alixhunyiwe nayo. Le echibini inendawo engama-3150 square metres. km ubude obude be-15 m, kuvela kule nto ivela kwi-Blue Nile.

Intlango yaseDanakil

Le nkqantosi ingasenyakatho yelizwe. Kubizwa ngokuba yindawo enqabileyo kwaye engenasiphelo kwiplanethi yethu. Izikhumbi zeSulfur eziphuma emagqabini anetyhefu kunye namafutha amaninzi (ukushisa kwe-asidi ebusweni bawo kufinyelela +60 ° C), iindawo ezinqabileyo zentaba-konke oku kwenza ukuba intlango ibe yindawo efanelekileyo yokubhenela iifrimu ngeGehena.

Nangona kunjalo, intlango yaseDanakil idonsa inani elikhulu labakhenkethi, kuquka nokubonga kwimimandla emnandi, emangalisa ngendlela kunye nombala.

Izinto eziphambili zelo ndawo zingabizwa ngokuthi:

1. Intaba yaseDallol yindawo ephantsi kunazo zonke e-Ethiopia kunye ne-volcano ephantsi komhlaba. Intaba ingama-48 m ngaphantsi kwezinga elwandle. Ngexesha lokuqhuqhuma okwenzeka ngo-1915, i-echibi le-violet-yellow nge-green interspersed. Ngendlela, incwadi kaEnoki malunga nale ndawo ibhaliwe njengendawo ephosayo, kwaye kuthiwa i-apocalypse iya kuqala ukusuka apha (ngokusemthethweni, ekuchazeni ukuphela kwehlabathi kulula ukufumana inkcazo yokukhuphuka kwe-volcano).
2. Ichibi Assala. Indawo yakhe ibonakala ngendlela ehle kakhulu: yiyona ilwandle elamanzi ehlabathini (nangona i- Uyuni solonchak eBolivia ingaphantsi kwayo ngokwezinga lesityuwa). Ifom e-crystals ifom apha iimpawu eziqhaqhaqhako zobuninzi obukhulu.
3. ILake i-Erta Ale (isetyenzisiwe inguqulelo ye "Ertale"). Iqula libukeka ngathi i-Underworld: liziko lokubilisa kwaye alizange lilavane. Itholakala kwinqanaba le- volcano esebenzayo yegama elinye .

Imifuno yaseTopiya

Kwakhona, ngenxa yendawo yokuhlala yelizwe, phantse zonke iinkalo zityalo zifumaneke kwintsimi yayo: intlango, i-savannah, amahlathi ashisayo, i-savannah entabeni, amahlathini asemahlathini asendle, njl.

1. Umzantsi-mpuma. Phantse yonke le ndawo ithathelwe umnxeba - ibhanti ephezulu ephakamileyo yamaTopiya (ukuya kwi-1700 m ngaphezu kwinqanaba lolwandle). Iqukethe imithi ye-xerophytic yomhlobo waseTopiya, kunye nemilambo - i-savannas eneentsundu (i-acacia, i-myrrh, i-balanitis, njl njl) kunye nemithi embelliferous.
2. Umzantsi kunye neendawo eziphakamileyo. Le yintsimi yee-species ezahlukeneyo kunye neendawo ezidibeneyo zamahlathi alula. Izityalo eziqhelekileyo apha - zonke iimpawu ezifanayo, kunye ne-ficus enkulu, imithi yempepho, isigxina. Kwezinye iindawo, iindawo zehlathi ze-bamboo zigcinwe, apho izityalo zifikelela kwindawo ephakamileyo engaphezulu kwe-10 m.
3. EMzantsi-ntshona wee-Highlands. Ihlanganiswe ngamahlathi emvula. Apha kukho umthi wensimbi, i-ficus, intambo, i-sitgum, kunye nekhofi ekhula njengento engaphantsi.
4. Intaba yase Savannah. Kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ukusuka kwi-1700-2400 m kukho ibhanti ye-waras. Izityalo eziqhelekileyo zinomnquma wasendle, i-abyssin rose. Emanxwemeni amachibi kukho iificus ezinkulu, kwaye kukho umthi-onjenge-heather.
5. Amahlathi ase Evergreen. Zenzeke kwindawo enye. Izityalo ezibalaseleyo zihlobo lomthi ophuzi, umjunipha omude, umsedare womsedare. Njengengqungquthela, kukho i-narcotic shrub kat, eyenziwa ngamazwe aseArabhu ukutshiza, kunye ne-ephedra iphakamileyo.
6. Iibhande zeDegas neChok. Iyokuqala ifumaneka kwindawo ephakamileyo ye-2500 ukuya kuma-3800 m, ibonakala ngamahlathi e-bamboo kunye neendawo eziphakamileyo eziphezulu (i-Abyssinian rose, i-tree-like heather, njl). Kuphakame kakhulu ibhande elincinci, apho izityalo eziphambili ziyi-lobelia kunye nezityalo ezifakwe kwiintlobo.
7. Kufuneka kwakhona kuqaphele ukuba ezintabeni zaseTopiya zininzi i-EQUALIPTAL groves - esi sityalo sahlwayelwa, ukususela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX, ukubuyisela ukucinywa kwamaphecana ehlathi.

Zezilwanyana

Kucacile ukuba ngobutyebi obunjalo beentyatyambo, iintlobo zeentlobo zeentlobo zezilwanyana zasebuKhatyhini nazo zikhulu kakhulu. Apha unokufumana phantse zonke iintlobo zezilwanyana ezihlala kwilizwekazi laseAfrika. Zininzi izilwanyana eziphilayo zihlala e-Ethiopia:

• Indoda yaseTopiya (iSyamenskaya fox);
• i-antelope-nyala;
• Yebhokhwe yaseTiyopiya;
• IAbrassin colobus.

Izilwanyana eziqhelekileyo ziimpungutye, izimpungushe kunye namafiya. Unokufumana apha ama-rhinoceroses, imvubu, iifubhu, iigrafes, i-antelopes, kunye nezidumbu - iingwe, i-cheetah, i-servalov, njl. I-Ethiopia ayikho into ebizwa ngokuba yiparadesi yezilwanyana ze-ornithologists - kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwezi-920 zeentaka:

• turako;
• iintaka zeebhokhwe;
• abacebisi;
• i nciniba;
• e-blue-winged geese;
• Ogari;
• ezihlukeneyo kunye nezinye.

Iindawo zokugcina

Akunakutsholwa ukuba ulondolozo lwendalo kwi-Ethiopia luhle kakhulu, kodwa kweli lizwe kukho iipaki ezizwe ezi-9, ezikhuselwe izityalo ezizodwa kunye nezilwanyana ezingekho phantsi.

Iindwendwe ezidumileyo kunye ezithandwayo kubakhenkethi:

• Avash , ensimini yabo i-Fentale kunye nemithombo yamanzi ashushu;
• ipaki yaseMount Bale , apho ijoka laseTopiya, intaba iNyala kunye nenja ye-hyena iyalindwa;
• Baya kuthi- ke baphile i-Abyssinian yebhokhwe yebhokhwe, i-monkey gelada, ijoka laseTopiya;
• Nechisar , kwintsimi apho i-Chamo ne-Abai Lakes; Ipaki ihlala kwikhaya elinyukayo, izimpungushe ezimnyama, iihagu ze-shrub.

Phakathi kwezinye iipaki zesizwe zelizwe kubalulekile ukubiza igama eli:

• Abidjata-Shala;
• Gambela ;
• Omo;
• Mago;
• Yangudi.