Ukubaluleka kwalo mzimba kunzima ukuchaza ngamazwi. I-placenta ithatha indima yeentso, isibindi, imiphunga kunye namathumbu, awawunayo umntwana. Kukho iinyanga ezili-9 kuphela, kodwa ngeli xesha liba negalelo elikhulu ekuphuhlisweni kwazo zonke izitho kunye neenkqubo zentsana.
Isiqhamo sokukhula kwe-placenta ngeveki yinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela inkambo yokukhulelwa konke. Njengoko "omdala" kuba, umthwalo ongaphantsi osebenzayo unokunyamezela. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba i-yuni izimisele ukukhula kwe-0 ye-placenta, ke oku kukuphawu lokukwazi ukukhula kunye nokuhlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno zomzimba wesisu.
Ingakanani iqondo lokukhula kwepentecenta?
Ukuhlolwa kwe-intrauterine yecandelo le-placental lenziwa yi-ultrasound, eyenziwa kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zokukhulelwa. Ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokukhula kwendawo ye-placenta, isicatshulwa sichaza kwisikrini secebo lonke utshintsho olusenzekayo kuyo. Uviwo lwe-Histological lungenziwa kuphela emva kokugqitywa kwenkqubo yokunikezelwa.
Zingaphi idigri zokukhula kwepentecenta?
Kwindlela yokwelapha, kukho inkcazo yeminyaka emine yobudala bequmrhu le-placental, enemilinganiselo ethile ngokuhambelana nexesha lokugaya. Ngoko:
- I-0-th degree iphawu ngaphambi kweveki yama-30. Nangona kunjalo, ngoku oogqirha baqaphele ukunciphisa eli luhlu sele lusekho kumaxesha angaphambili.
- Kwi-trimester yesithathu yokukhulelwa, i-placenta iqala ukuba ingasebenzi kwaye ikhuphe. Oku kwenzeka emva kweeveki ezingama-30 kwaye iinkqubo zihlala zizinzile de iveki ye-34. Ukuba khona kwinqanaba lokukhula kwe-placenta 1-2 kungabonakalisa ukutyunjwa kweyeza kunye ne-vitamin course ejoliswe ekuphuculeni ukusasazwa kwegazi.
- Isiganga sesibini sikwiiveki ezingama-35-39 zokukhulelwa. Kule nqanaba, i-placenta izalisekisa injongo yayo ngokuzeleyo kwaye ayifuni ukungenelela kwonyango olongezelelweyo. Ukuguga kwayo ngokuqhelekileyo yinkqubo eqhelekileyo yendalo, into eyona nto kukuba akukhawulezi. Ukususela kwiiveki ezingama-37 neye-38 zibhekwa njengethuba lokuzalwa komntwana oqhelekileyo, ukuxilongwa "kokuguga kwe-placenta" akusasaxhala.
- Ngokukhawuleza ngaphambi kokunikezelwa ngokwaso, ukukhula kwe-second and third grade of placenta kuphawulwe. Ukuba khona kwinqanaba lokugqibela akubanga kubangele umonakalo omkhulu kumntwana, ukuba akukho nengozi yokuxhatshazwa kwe-intrauterine. Ubukho beempawu ze-hypoxia kunye nesantya sokukhula kwe-placenta 2-3 zibonakaliso kwinqanaba elikhawulezileyo lokulahla.
Yiyiphi elandelwayo ukukhula kokuvuthwa kwe-placenta?
Ukuvuthwa kwangaphambili kwenzeka xa iqumrhu elisezantsi liqala ukulahlekelwa iipropati zalo zokusebenza ngaphambi kweveki ye-32 yokukhulelwa (isigaba 2) okanye kwiiveki ezingama-36 (isigaba sesi-3). Izizathu zokuvuthwa ngokukhawuleza kwepentecenta zi:
- ukukhipha izisu zangaphambili kunye nokuzalwa okunzima;
- isifo se-endocrine;
- izifo ezingapheliyo;
- ingxabano yomama we-rhesus nomntwana;
- iqela le-placenta ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye indawo engafanelekanga;
- ukukhulelwa kweziqhamo ezininzi kunye njalo.
Ukungahambelani kwinqanaba lokukhula kwepentecenta ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ixesha lokubamba, ukuxhatshazwa kwegazi, i-hypoxia okanye iimpazamo emsebenzini wengqondo.
Isiqhelo sezinga lokukhula kwendawo ye-placenta iya kuhanjiswa kuwe kwi-ultrasound nganye ehleliweyo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukungafihleki kwamapulanka okutyhilwayo kungaqulunqwa ngamayeza. Ngako oko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukwazi ukuba imilinganiselo yokukhula kwendawo ye-placenta ithetha ntoni kwaye ungayinaki ukuziphatha ngokuqhelekileyo kokuhlalutya okufanelekileyo.