Ubume bexesha lokubeleka
Iingcali zihlukanisa eli qela libe li-embryonic and fetal. Iyokuqala iqala ngokubunjwa kwe-zygote kwaye ihlala kwiiveki ezi-12 zesigxina. Ngeli xesha, iinkqubo eziphambili, izitho, izicubu zibekwe, ukusebenza kwamasebe eengqondo kuqala. Ngeempembelelo ezimbi kumzimba kamama, ukuphulwa okubanzi ekuphuhlisweni komntwana kunye nokulahleka kwamathambo kunokwenzeka.
Emva kweiveki ezili-12 zokubeleka kwangaphambi kokubeletha, umntwana oqala ukuzalwa usuqala. Eli nqanaba liphela kwiiveki ezingama-29. Zonke izitho ezisemgangathweni zizalise ukubunjwa kwazo ngeli xesha. Ukuba ibhinqa lichaphazela nayiphi na imiphumo emibi ngeli xesha, ngoko kwi-ultrasound ugqirha unokufumanisa ukuba ubunzima bomntwana kunye neethambo zakhe aluhambelani nemimiselo. Enye yezophulo eziqhelekileyo kweli nqanaba yindlela yokulinganisa ukukhula kwexesha langaphakathi, oko kukuthi, xa umntwana egxotha emva kwesiqhelo kwisisindo, ukuphakama, ezinye izikhombisi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le ntsholongwane yenzeka xa umama enesifo sesifo se-HIV, i-chromosomal and other disorders. Kwakhona, ingozi ethile ibangelwa yimithi, utywala.
Emva kweeveki ezingama-29 kuze kube sekupheleni kwesigxina, bathetha malunga nexesha lokubeleka. Kule nqanaba, iimpawu zokuqala zokukhula komntwana zivela. Ngeli xesha, ifom ye-intrauterine yokulinda ukukhula ingenzeka. Isizathu salokhu, ngokuqhelekileyo, sisinakukwazi ukufikelela kwisifo se-fetoplacental. Kuye, i-placenta ayikwazi ukubonelela umntwana kunye nazo zonke izondlo ezifunekayo kunye ne-oxygen. Umbuso onjalo ungabangelwa yizinto ezilandelayo:
- ukukhulelwa okubanzi;
- gestosis;
- ukungaqhelekanga kwindlela yokuphuhlisa intambo;
- placenta previa;
- ukukhubazeka kwesisu.
Oogqirha banalo kwiindlela zabo ezahlukeneyo zokuphatha unyango olunjalo.
Ixesha elibalulekileyo
Kwixesha lokubeletha lokukhula komntwana, kunikwa imiqathango efuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwimpilo yomama olindelekileyo:
- Umhla wesi-7 ukuya ku-12, oko kukuthi, ixesha apho umbungu usungulwe khona;
- ukususela kwiiveki ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-6 zesisu;
- ukusuka kwiiveki ezi-9 ukuya kwe-12 zokukhulelwa;
- ukususela kwiiveki ezingama-18 ukuya kwei-22.
Ixesha lokubeleka kunye ne-neonatal lihlobene kakhulu. Olu lokugqibela luvela ekuzalweni de kube ngumhla wama-28 wobomi obusana. Ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane, ukulwa nomzimba, i-hypoxia ye-intrauterine-konke oku kuya kuchaphazela impilo yentsana.