Ngaphandle kwindlu yokubeletha, abazali abatshatshayo kufuneka bathathe uxanduva malunga nesigqibo: "Ukugonywa kwabantwana abasandul 'ukuzalwa - yenza okanye cha." Ukuba oogqirha ngokwabo abakulungele ukuphendula umbuzo ngokungacaciswanga, ngaba kufuneka uyenze ukugonywa rhoqo kwiintsana, ngoko kuthiwani ngabazali abangenayo imfundo ekhethekileyo yempilo?
Namhlanje, akukho mntu unelungelo lokunyanzelisa ukuba ugonywe ngokunyanzeliswa, ngoko unokubhalela kwikomidi lokubeleka malunga nokukhanyela ukugonywa kwintsana. Kodwa ukuba wenze isigqibo sokuba ngaba uya kwenza oku okanye cha, kufuneka ukwazi malunga "neenkqubo" eziphambili kunye "nokuchasene" ne-inoculation kunye neeprojekti zokugonya, kunye nendlela yokulungiselela ngokufanelekileyo ukugonya.
Ishedyuli jikelele yokugonywa kweintsana
- 1 usuku - i-hepatitis B;
- Usuku lwe-3-7 - isifo sofuba (BCG);
- 1 inyanga - i-hepatitis B;
- Iinyanga ezi-3 - i-DTP (pertussis, i-diphtheria, i-tetanus, i-poliomyelitis, i-hemophilia infection);
- Iinyanga ezine - iDTP;
- Iinyanga ezili-5 - iDTP;
- Iinyanga ezili-6 - i-hepatitis B;
- Iinyanga ezili-12 - imasisi, i-rubella, i-parotitis;
- Iinyanga ezili-18 - i-DTP;
- Uneminyaka eyi-6 ubudala - iDTP.
Ziziphi izitofu ezenziwa esibhedlele?
Ukususela kwisifo sofuba (BCG) nakwi-hepatitis B.
Yintoni eyenza umzimba ukuba unoculation?
Ekuphenduleni kokungeniswa kwesitofu, umzimba uvelisa iintsholongwane eziza kunceda isilwanyana esigciniweyo ukuze sithumele isifo esibi kakhulu kunokuba singagonyanga.
Xa izitolo zintsana ziza kuba nemiphumo emibi?
Imiba ebalulekileyo ebalulekileyo apha:
- isitofu sokugonywa kwezinga eliphezulu (umenzi ongenalucalulo okanye izimo zokugcina ezingafanelekanga zokugonya),
- Ukulungiswa okungafanelekanga komntwana ngokugonywa.
Ngelishwa, abazali abanakuze bahlolisise umgangatho we-vaccine, nangona kunjalo, banokulungiselela umntwana ukugonywa.
Indlela yokulungiselela ukugonywa rhoqo?
- Qinisekisa ukuba umntwana usempilweni. Ingozi enkulu yokugonya ingabangela ukuba umzimba unobuthakathaka. Ukuba umntwana ngexesha lokugonya ugula nge-ARI, ukudibana ne-virus entsha kunokukhokelela kwiinkathazo ezinzima. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuya kwi-inoculation elandelayo, qiniseka ukuba umntwana uvakalelwa kakhulu. Ukulinganisa iintsuku ezintathu phambi kokushisa okugonywayo, phawula ukuba kukho ukukhwehlela, kubanda. Yaye ukuba ubona izifo, qiniseka ukuba uzazise ugqirha.
- Hamba kakhulu, kodwa unciphise oonxibelelwano. Musa ukutyelela amaziko karhulumente ngaphambi nangemva kokugonywa. Zama ukuba ungahlali kumgca phambi kweofisi yegqirha (kungcono ukubuza umntu kwizalamane ukuba atshintshane ukuze abone ugqirha, kwaye achithe ixesha ngaphambi kokuxhoma kwi-air fresh). Emva kokugonywa, akukho mzekelo ukuthunyelwa kwisitoreji, isisombululo esona sisisiseko esifutshane. Kwakhona, ngexesha le-"campaign campaign", wenqwenela ukufumana iindwendwe ngehora nangemva kokugonywa. Ngasinye isivakashi - isongelo segciwane elitsha, kwimeko engagqithwanga, umntwana wakhe uya kuyigqitha, kodwa ngelixa elwa nentsholongwane yokugonywa, musa ukunyanzela umsebenzi wakhe.
- Ungangenisi ukutya okutsha kwisondlo somntwana. Njengoko sele kukhankanywe, isilwanyana esigonyiwe sinento yokwenza kwiintsuku ezilandelayo ukugonywa. Musa ukuyilayisha ngokutya okungaqhelekanga, kunye nokutya okunzima, ukunciphisa i-allergen. Ikhekhelethi, iiskese, imifuno ebomvu neziqhamo, ubisi, iimveliso ezibhema - zonke ezi zinto, mhlawumbi, ziya kuphakamisa isimo sengqondo somntwana oyikayikayo, kodwa kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo embi kakhulu. Ukutya ngaphandle "kweemveliso eziyinkimbinkimbi" kufuneka kulandelwe, ubuncinane, iintsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokugonywa iintsuku ezintathu emva kwayo.
- Lungisa umlwelwe. Ukuba umntwana usweleka kwi-atermic dermatitis okanye i-asthma ye-bronchial, iintsuku ezintathu ngaphambi nangaphakathi kweentsuku ezintathu emva kokugonywa, umntwana kufuneka anikwe i-antihistamine efanelekileyo. Ngaphambi kokugonywa kwale ntsana, i-fenistil, i-zirtek okanye i-erius imiselwe.
- Usela kakhulu, kodwa ungasondli ngamandla. Njengoko ngexesha le-ARI, emva kokugonywa, umntwana kufuneka anikezelwe ngamanzi amaninzi kwaye angamphoqeleli ukuba adle ngokuthanda kwakhe. Qaphela ukuba abo bantwana badla ukunciphisa uxinzelelo. Ukuba usana olutsha
ukukhala emva kokugonywa, ungagqithisi, ukuxuba isimo esicinezelekileyo ngesimo sokulamba. Kuya kuba ngcono xa echitha ixesha elingakumbi ezandleni zakho kunokuba adle okunye. - Zichitha ixesha elingakumbi kunye nosana. Ukhathazeka ngokugqithiseleyo komntwana emva kokugonywa kungasuswa, kuphela ukumnika ixesha elincinane kunexesha eliqhelekileyo. Ungesabi ukumbamba ngale mihla, ukuba ncinane ukuba uhlambe ezandleni zakhe, ubambe ngamadolo, uhlalise.
- Gcina i-febrifuge ekulungele. Kwimeko apho emva kokugonywa komntwana unomkhuhlane ngaphezu kwama-38 degrees, umntwana oza kuzalwa kufuneka anikwe i-antipyretic; i-antipyretic iyona nto ingcono kule njongo isekelwe kwi-paracetamol. Musa ukwethuka, kuba umkhuhlane usabela ngokuthe rhoqo kwi-vaccination.