Isifo sikashukela kubantwana - indlela yokubona iimpawu eziyingozi kunye nokwenza ntoni ngokulandelayo?

I-Hyperglycemia kunye nokukhubazeka kwe-insulin yinto yesibini exhaphakileyo ye-endocrine pathology phakathi kwabantwana nakwishumi elivisayo. Ngokwe-World Health Organization, iziganeko zabantwana abanesifo sikashukela zikhula ngokukhawuleza. Kwiminyaka emi-5-10 ezayo, inani lezigulane lenzelwe ukwandisa ngo-70%.

Ngaba kukho isifo sikashukela kumntwana?

I-pathology echazweyo ifunyanwe nokuba kwintsana, iintsholongwane ze-endocrine zenzeka kungakhathaliseki ubudala. Abazali abaninzi bayazibuza ukuba ingaba nesifo sikashukela kubantwana abangenayo i-genetic predisposition to the disease. Impendulo yalo mbuzo ifanelekile. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zesifo esicatshungulwayo, ezinye zazo ziphuhliswa ngenxa yezinto ezimbi zangaphandle okanye njengezentlupheko zesibini.

Iintlobo zesifo sikashukela kubantwana

Ukongezelela kwiifom ezi-2 eziziwayo zezifo ze-endocrine, ezihlanjelwe ngokuxhomekeka kwe-insulin, zikhona ezinye iintlobo zokuphazamiseka kwamanzi kwi-carbohydrate. Zininzi iintlobo zesifo sikashukela:

Kuzalwa. Olu hlobo lwesifo lufunyanwe kwiintsana kunye nabancinci ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-6. Esi sifo sesifo sikashukela esikolweni kubantwana senziwa kwifom ephumayo kunye nesigxina. Kwimeko yokuqala, imfuno yengane ye-insulin iphela ngokukhawuleza yodwa isithuba sonyaka. Ukuphindaphinda kwentsholongwane kwixesha elizayo kuya kuba ngama-50%. I-subtype yesibini ibonakaliswa yimfuneko yokuphila yonke i-insulin.
MODY. Iintlobo ezinikezelweyo zichithwa njengoluhlobo oluvuthiweyo lwesifo sikashukela eselula (i-Growth-Onset Diabetes yaseYong). IIMODYI i-defect of genetic cells of inherited cell (inxulunyaniswa ngesondo lomntwana, isasazwa kwisizukulwana ngesizukulwana). Esi sifo sikashukela sinama-subspecies angama-9, amaninzi awo achazwe ngekhondo elincinci, ngamanye amaxesha ulawulo olungaphezulu lwe-insulin aludingeki.
Sekondari. Ifomu engabonakaliyo yesifo esenzeka ngokubhekiselele kwimvelaphi yeengxaki eziphathekayo zofuzo. Esi sifo sikashukela sinokuhamba kunye ne-Rogers, Wolfram, Alström, Rabson-Mendelholl, leprechaunizm, lipodystrophy kunye nezinye izifo.

1 uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela

Uhlobo oluchazweyo lwesifo esingapheliyo se-endocrine (ixhomekeke kwi-insulin) yinto eqhelekileyo phakathi kwabantwana abaselula. Isifo sikashukela se-type 1 kubantwana sichazwa ngamaqela amabini:

ngokuzenzekelayo;
idiopathic.

Indlela yokuqala yesi sifo ibonakaliswe kubukho bezinto ezihamba phambili kwigazi, ezihlasela nokutshabalalisa iiseli ze-beta zesiqithi ze-pancreas. Ngenxa yoko, ilungu le-endocrine livelisa i-insulin enganeleyo ukuphula i-glucose. Kunzima ukuchaza i-idiopathic yeswekile kubantwana - izibangela zolu hlobo lokukhubazeka aziwa. Egazini lomntwana, akukho magciwane okufunyanwa, kodwa isifo sifana ngendlela efanayo.

Uhlobo lwesibini lwesifo sikashukela

Ifom ye-insulin-ezizimeleyo zesifo sele zifunyanwe ngaphambili ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala kunye nabadala. Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela se-2 kubantwana baqala ukuphuhliswa kungekudala. Oku kungenxa yokutshintsha kwindlela yokuphila kunye nokutya kwabafundi basesikolweni samandulo. Ukungondleki kunye nokuhamba okunciphisa ukukhuluphala, okukhokelela ekukhathazeni kwe-endocrine.

Izizathu zesifo sikashukela

Imiba eyenza i-pathology ichazwe ngokuxhomekeke kwimo yayo. Ukubeleka kwezilwanyana ezingabantwana, ezisekondari kunye ne-MODY-diabetes zivela ngenxa yokuguquka kwemfuza. Ezi zifo ezinqabileyo ezinxulumene nokuzalwa kakubi. Izizathu eziphambili ze-type 1 yesifo sikashukela sinokuhlukaniswa ngamaqela amabini:

yemfuza;
zangaphandle.

Ukulungelelaniswa kwendawo ekhoyo kulo mcimbi akubandakanyi ukuguquka kwanoma yiphi i-gene ehlukeneyo, kodwa kwintlangano ekhethekileyo. Ukuba khona kwesifo sikashukela esikolweni kubazali okanye nakwamanye amalungu entsapho akusisiqinisekiso sokuphuhliswa kwengqondo kumntwana. Ukuqalisa ukuphazanyiswa kwe-endocrine, izinto ezingaphezulu zangaphandle zifunekayo:

ukutya okusemgangathweni (i-preservatives, nitrates, gluten);
i toxin;
iintsholongwane ( rubella , parotitis, Epstein-Barr nabanye);
uxinzelelo olunzima okanye olungapheliyo.

Izizathu zoluhlobo lwesifo seswekile yindlela engafanelekanga yobomi kubantwana. Utshintsho ekusebenzeni kwepascreas kunye neengxaki zemethambo emzimbeni zenzeka ngokusesikweni:

kudla ngokutya;
ukunyanya;
ukuhamba okuphantsi;
Ukusetyenziswa rhoqo "kokutya okukhawulezayo".

Isifo sikashukela sisigxina kubantwana - iimpawu kunye neempawu

Umfanekiso ocacileyo weklinikhi yokukhubazeka kwiintsana kubonwa ngokukhawuleza kunabantu abadala. Iimpawu zesifo sikashukela kubantwana ziqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yezinto ezinjalo:

ukungakhangeli kwe-enzyme kunye neenkqubo ze-endocrine;
ukukhawuleza kwemetabolism, kubandakanywa i-carbohydrate kunye noshukela;
izibophelelo ezingamaphepha.

Ngenxa yokusilela kwe-insulin, i-glucose ayinamathele, kwaye iiseli zomzimba zifumana amandla okulamba. Ngenxa yokucinywa kwayo, amafutha aqala ukugqitywa kunye nokubunjwa kwamalungu e-ketone kunye ne-acetone, enobungozi. Le ndlela ijongene nendlela isifo sikashukela esibonakala ngayo kubantwana. Ukuveliswa kweemveliso kuhlanganiswa egazini, kuchukumisa i-ketoacidosis kunye neempawu zokuqala zesifo.

Impawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela kubantwana

Ukuba ifomu leMODY likhula, lesi sifo siphumelela ngokubonisa umfanekiso weklinikhi obonakaliswa ngomoya onokuthi abazali abangaboni. Kwezinye iimeko, isifo sikashukela siphumelela ngokukhawuleza - iimpawu kubantwana kumazinga okuqala okukhubazeka ziquka:

unomdla wokuba unxaniwe noomisa emlonyeni;
enuresis ;
ukucoca rhoqo ;
ukwandisa ukutya;
umnqweno wokulala emva kokutya;
ukukhathala.

Kwiiveki ezimbalwa, le miqondiso yesifo sikashukela kubantwana iyanda. Ukongezwa kwakhona:

ukulahlekelwa ubunzima;
ukungabonakali;
ukukhusela ukukhusela izifo;
neurodermatitis ;
zamathambo;
ukukhanda kwesikhumba;
ichthyosis.

Iimpawu ze-Diabetes

Umqathango ochaphazelekayo uyenzeka xa isifo sikashukela esikolweni kubantwana siphumelele ngaphandle kwonyango. Le yimeko ebungozi kakhulu, apho kukho nokuba nemiphumo emibi. Umncinci umntwana, ngokukhawuleza kuyimfuneko ukuqhagamshelana nesibhedlele ukuze uncedo olufanelekileyo. I-comatic coma kubantwana ihamba kunye nokulahlekelwa kwengqondo. Le meko ilandelwa ziimpawu ezilandelayo:

intloko;
uxhala, olulandelwa ukunganakwa;
ukungabi nesidlo;
isicaphulo kunye nokuhlanza;
ukoma okunzulu;
intlungu yesisu;
iingxaki zokucoca;
Ukuqhaqhaqhazela emadleleni kunye nekhanda eliphaphakileyo lobuso;
ukuphefumula okunzulu kunye nomsindo;
ukwanda kwenani lentliziyo;
kuncipha kwiqondo lokushisa lomzimba kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi;
urhudo ngegazi;
ukucima kweelballs;
iphunga elimnandi le-acetone emcimbini;
iintlungu zomlenze.

Iingxaki zesifo sikashukela kubantwana

Kamva, ukufumanisa i-pathology okanye ukungabikho kwonyango olwaneleyo kukhokelela kwimiphumo emibi echaphazela phantse zonke iinkqubo zomzimba, kuquka nokusebenza kwengqondo. Iingxaki zesifo sikashukela:

Neuropathy;
angina pectoris;
i-arteriosclerosis yemithambo yegazi;
ukuhlasela kwentliziyo;
xi nzelelo;
ukubetha;
nephropathy;
ukuhluleka kwezintso ;
ukulibaziseka ekuphuculweni kwengqondo nangokwenyama;
retinopathy;

ukubola kwegazi;
i glaucoma;
cataract;
yimfama;
Ubundlobongela besifo sezitho ezingaphantsi;
ukukhupha kunye nentlaka ekhuni;
izifo zecermatological;
ukuhlukana kwamathambo;
zixhala.

Isifo sikashukela sisifo - ukuxilongwa

Ukuqinisekiswa kwezikhalazo ekuphuhliseni i-endocrine pathology kwenziwa ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu ezikhoyo kunye neemvavanyo zelabhoratri. Isiqhelo seswekile kwigazi lomntwana kuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yakhe:

ukuya kwiinyanga ezili-12 - 2.8-4.4 mmol / l;
Iminyaka eyi-1-5 - 3.3-5 mmol / l;
ngaphezu kweminyaka emi-5 ukuya kwi-5.5 mmol / l.

Ukuqinisekisisa ukuba uhlalutyo lwesifo sikashukela kubantwana kwaye unqume uhlobo lwalo, ezininzi iimvavanyo zegazi ezongezelelweyo zenziwa kwezi zilandelayo zibonisi:

insulin kunye neproinsulini;
C-peptide;
hemoglobin ye-glycosylated;
ukunyamezela kwi-glucose;
I-ase-based base-state (CBS);
ii-antibodies kwi-beta-iiseli ze-pancreas kunye ne-glutamate decarboxylase;
ukuguquka kwemfuyo.

Kwakhona kuya kufuneka ukuba udlule umchamo ukucacisa ingcamango:

i-glucose;
imizimba;
i-acetone.

Unyango lwesifo sikashukela kubantwana

Kubalulekile ukuba abazali baqonde ukuba abafumene ukufumanisa ukuxilongwa ngokuqinisekileyo. Kuze kubekho iindlela zokubuyiselwa okupheleleyo kwemisebenzi ye-pancreatic kunye nokuqhelaniswa kwe-carbohydrate metabolism ziye zaqalwa, unyango lwesifo sikashukela kubantwana luya kuphila ixesha elide. Ulwaphulo lufanele lube luphelele kwaye lusigxina, kuyimfuneko ukuba silandele ngokungqongqo iziphakamiso zegqirha, zihambelane nokutya kwaye unike ixesha lokwenza umsebenzi.

Into yokuqala eqala unyango ibeka iliso rhoqo kwizinga lezeshukela zegazi. Ukwenza oku, uthenge i-glucometer kunye neemvavanyo zokuhlola. Ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo inkambo yesifo, oogqirha bayacetyiswa ukuba babe nedayari ekhethekileyo, engabhalwanga kuphela ukufundwa kweso sixhobo, kodwa kunye neemeko zomlindi:

ubukho boxinzelelo okanye ukhuseleko;
ukutya nokusela;
yomsebenzi;
jikelele jikelele wezempilo nemeko.

Unyango lwe-Type 1 yesifo sikashukela seMetitus kubantwana

Le ndlela ye-pathology ibonakaliswa yintlupheko ye-insulin emzimbeni womntwana. Ukugcina ubomi obuqhelekileyo, kubalulekile ukuhlawulela ukungabikho kwehomoni ephuma ngaphandle. Ukulawula isifo sikashukela se-1 kubantwana, ukufakelwa kwe-insulin yansuku zonke kuyadingeka. Isisombululo kunye nokuphindaphinda kwama-injection zikhethwe yi-endocrinologist ngokwalo ngokuhambelana neepameter eziliqela:

ubudala kunye nobunzima bomntwana;
umlinganiselo wexperglycemia;
umyinge womntwana;
izinga lomsebenzi

Isifo sikashukela esixhomekeke kwi-insulini emantwaneni asinakuphathwa ngaphandle kwe-insulin injections. Naluphi na uhlobo oluthile lwezonyango luyi-charlatanism kwaye lunobungozi kumntwana. Iskimu solawulo olusebenzayo lolo hlobo lwesifo lubandakanya:

injini zansuku zonke;
ukuthobela ukutya;
msebenzi oqhelekileyo.

Ukunyangwa kohlobo lwe-2 lweswekile

Indlela echazwe ngayo ye-pathology yinto engaphantsi kakhulu, malunga ne-10-20% yamatyala. I-sugar-dependent-dependent-diabetes exhomekeke kwi-insulin kubantwana iphakamisa unyango oluyinkimbinkimbi, olubandakanya imisebenzi enjalo:

ukuqheleka komzimba (phambi kobutyebi obukhulu);
yomsebenzi;
ukugcinwa rhoqo kokutya;
ukuthatha imithi ye-hypoglycemic.

Imisebenzi yenyama ephakanyisiweyo ibandakanya ubuncinane iiklasi ezi-3 zeeveki ngeeyure eziyi-1-1.5. Ukongezelela, umntwana kufuneka ahambe ngokuhamba imihla ngemihla (3-4 km), abatsha banconywa ukuya ku-5-7 km. Ngokuthotyelwa ngokufanayo kunye neengcebiso ze-endocrinologist malunga nesondlo, oku kwanele ukugcina ingxube yentshukela kunye nenhlalakahle kwimimiselo.

Ukuba isifo sikashukela kubantwana sibonakalisa ngokucacileyo kwaye sicaphukisa i-ketoacidosis, kuyakufuneka ukuba utshintsho olungxamisekileyo lwentlupheko ye-insulin. Emva kokuzinzisa izinga le-glucose kunye nokunciphisa ukuveliswa kwamalungu e-ketone, unokuyeka ukujova i-hormone. Ukulawula ikhosi yesi sifo, iziyobisi ze-hypoglycemic zichazwe kumacwecwe. Amayeza kuphela ale qela, avunyelwe ukusetyenziswa kwizonyango - iMetformin.